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India-U.S. collaboration to prevent adolescent HIV infection: the feasibility of a family-based HIV prevention intervention for rural Indian youthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Despite suggestions that family-based approaches to preventing adolescent HIV infection may be culturally inappropriate, our results suggest that a family-based intervention to prevent adolescent HIV infection is feasible for rural Indian families if it (1) provides families with relevant family-based prevention strategies and knowledge about HIV/AIDS, (2) addresses barriers to participation, (3) is adolescent-friendly, flexible, and convenient, and (4) is developmentally and culturally appropriate. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 19, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Asha Banu SolettiVincent Guilamo-RamosDenise BurnetteShilpi SharmaAlida Bouris Source Type: journals

Disability and HIV/AIDS - a systematic review of literature on AfricaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This systematic review focuses on empirical work on disability and HIV/AIDS in Africa in the past decade and considers all the literature currently accessible. The review presents data from different surveys and summarizes the findings. In this way, it convincingly reveals that people with disabilities are very vulnerable to contracting HIV, and lack access to information, testing and treatment. The review further reveals gaps in the research and areas of concern. While vulnerability and accessibility have been investigated, there are few prevalence studies or evaluations available. A certain amount of work has focused on ...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jill Hanass-Hancock Source Type: journals

Anonymous HIV workplace surveys as an advocacy tool for affordable private health insurance in NamibiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The proportion of HIV-positive formal sector employees in Namibia is in line with national prevalence estimates and varies widely by employment sector. Following the surveys, there was a considerable increase in private health insurance uptake. This suggests that anonymous HIV workplace surveys can serve as a tool to motivate private companies to provide health insurance to their workforce. Health insurance taken up by those who are able to pay the fees will alleviate the burden on the public sector. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ingrid de BeerHannah CoutinhoPeter van WykEsegiel GaebTobias Rinke de WitMichele van Vugt Source Type: journals

Variables that influence HIV-1 cerebrospinal fluid viral load in cryptococcal meningitis: a linear regression analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that CSF leukocyte count influences CSF HIV-1 viral load in patients with meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Diego CecchiniAna CanizalHaroldo RojasAlicia ArechavalaRicardo NegroniMaria BouzasJorge Benetucci Source Type: journals

From HIV diagnosis to treatment: evaluation of a referral system to promote and monitor access to antiretroviral therapy in rural TanzaniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The referral system reduced delays in seeking care, and enabled the monitoring of access to HIV treatment among diagnosed persons. Similar systems to monitor referral uptake and linkages between HIV services could be readily implemented in other settings. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 11, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ray NsigayeAlison WringeMaria RouraSamuel KalluvyaMark UrassaJoanna BuszaBasia Zaba Source Type: journals

Special theme on HIV and disability - time for closer bondsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
With the success of antiretrovirals and increased access to this lifesaving treatment, the life expectancy of people living with HIV has been substantially increased and, in many instances, is comparable to that of the general population. However, HIV infection, as well as its treatment, can cause physical, psychological or social disabilities that prevent people living with HIV from full and equal participation in society. At the same time, there is evidence that people with disabilities are at greater risk of contracting HIV. Although more attention is being paid to these overlapping fields, the field of HIV and disabili...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shirin HeidariSusan Kippax Source Type: journals

Meeting report of the International Policy Dialogue on HIV/AIDS and DisabilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As part of a partnership arrangement with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada hosted an International Policy Dialogue on HIV/AIDS and Disability from 11 to 13 March 2009 in Ottawa, Canada. The dialogue provided a forum for stakeholders from governments, academia, and non-governmental and multilateral organizations to explore the issues and evidence related to HIV/AIDS and disability, and to chart a way forward in terms of policy and programme development. This meeting report outlines the participants, objectives and high-level outcomes. (Source: Journal of th...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sharon Peake Source Type: journals

The fields of HIV and disability: past, present and futureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an historic overview of the fields of disability and HIV. We describe this area of concern in terms of "fields" versus "a single field" because of the two related but distinct trends that have evolved over time. The first field involves people living with HIV and their experiences of disability, disablement and rehabilitation brought on by the disease and its treatments. The second involves people with disabilities and their experiences of vulnerability to and life with HIV. These two fields have evolved relatively independently over time. However, in the final section of this article, we argue that t...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jill Hanass-HancockStephanie Nixon Source Type: journals

HIV, disability and discrimination: making the links in international and domestic human rights lawEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stigma and discrimination constitute one of the greatest barriers to dealing effectively with the HIV epidemic, underlying a range of human rights violations and hindering access to prevention, care, treatment and support. There is some existing protection against HIV-based discrimination under international law, but the extent of states' obligations to address such discrimination has not been comprehensively addressed in an international instrument.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities entered into force in May 2008. As countries ratify the convention, they are required to amend national...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Richard ElliottLeah UtyashevaElisse Zack Source Type: journals

Putting episodic disability into context: a qualitative study exploring factors that influence disability experienced by adults living with HIV/AIDSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This framework is the first to consider the contextual factors that influence experiences of disability from the perspective of adults living with HIV. Extrinsic factors (level of social support and stigma) and intrinsic factors (living strategies and personal attributes) may exacerbate or alleviate episodes of HIV-related disability. These factors offer a broader understanding of the disability experience and may suggest ways to prevent or reduce disability for adults living with HIV. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kelly O'BrienAileen DavisCarol StrikeNancy YoungAhmed Bayoumi Source Type: journals

Five-year follow up of genotypic resistance patterns in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients in Botswana after failure of thymidine analogue-based regimensEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Despite a low rate of therapeutic failure (4%) among these patients, those who failed possessed high numbers of resistance mutations as well as novel resistance mutations and/or polymorphisms at sites within reverse transcriptase and protease. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - October 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Florence Doualla-BellTendani GaolatheAva AvalosSuzanne CloutierNdwapi NdwapiChristina HolcroftHoward MoffatDiana DickinsonMax EssexMark WainbergMadisa Mine Source Type: journals

Validation of AIDS-related mortality in BotswanaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Improvements in hospitals and within government offices are necessary to strengthen the vital registration system. These should include such strategies as training physicians and coders in accurate reporting and recording of death statistics, implementing continuous quality assurance methods, and working with the government to underscore the importance of using mortality statistics in future evidence-based planning. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Negussie TaffaJulie WillStephane BodikaLaura PackelDiemo MotlapeteEllen SteinThierry RoelsGail KennedyEl-Halabi Shenaaz Source Type: journals

Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse-driven, community-supported HIV/AIDS treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational cohort assessment at two yearsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IntroductionLesotho has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world (an adult prevalence of 23.2%). Despite a lack of resources for health, the country has implemented state-of-the-art antiretroviral treatment guidelines, including early initiation of treatment ( (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - October 7, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rachel CohenSharonann LynchHelen BygraveEvi EggersNatalie VlahakisKatherine HilderbrandLouise KnightPrinitha PillayPeter SaranchukEric GoemaereLipontso MakakoleNathan Ford Source Type: journals

A model for extending antiretroviral care beyond the rural health centerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We found that an ART delivery model that shifted patient monitoring and antiretroviral dispensing tasks into the community by HIV-infected patients was both acceptable and feasible.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00371540 (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 28, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kara Wools-KaloustianJohn SidleHenry SelkeRajesh VedanthanEmmanuel KemboiLillian BoitViola JebetAaron CarrollWilliam TierneySylvester Kimaiyo Source Type: journals

Clinical presentation and aetiologies of acute or complicated headache among HIV-seropositive patients in a Ugandan clinicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In an African HIV-infected ambulatory population presenting with new onset headache, aetiology was found in at least 70%. Cryptococcal meningitis and sinusitis accounted for more than half of the cases. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 18, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Michael KatwereAndrew KambuguTheresa PiloyaMatthew WongBrett Hendel-PatersonMerle SandeAllan RonaldElly KatabiraEdward WereJoris MentenRobert Colebunders Source Type: journals

Characterizing trends in HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Australia by birth-cohorts: results from a modified back-projection methodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The distribution of HIV incidence for birth cohorts by infection year suggests that the HIV epidemic continues to affect older homosexual men as much as, if not more than, younger men. The results are useful for evaluating the impact of the epidemic across successive birth cohorts and study trends among the age groups most at risk. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Handan WandDavid WilsonPing YanAndrea GonnermannAnn McDonaldJohn KaldorMatthew Law Source Type: journals

Brazilian Network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance: a survey of individuals recently diagnosed with HIV.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Use of antiretrovirals is widespread in Brazil, where more than 200,000 individuals are under treatment. Although general prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance in Brazil is low, systematic sampling in large metropolitan areas has not being performed.The HIV Threshold Survey methodology (HIV-THS, WHO) was utilized, targeting Brazil's four major regions and selecting the six most populated state capitals: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Porto Alegre, Brasilia and Belem. We were able to sequence samples from 210 individuals with recent HIV diagnosis, 17 of them (8.1%) carrying HIV isolates with primary antiretr...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lilian InocencioAnderson PereiraMaria Cecilia SucupiraJose Carlos FernandezCelia JorgeDenise SouzaHelena FinkRicardo DiazIrina BeckerTheodoro SuffertMonica ArrudaOlinda MacedoMariangela SimaoAmilcar Tanuri Source Type: journals

HIV/AIDS, growth and poverty in KwaZulu-Natal and South Africa: an integrated survey, demographic and economywide analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We conclude that the increase in economic growth that results from addressing HIV/AIDS is sufficient to offset the population pressure placed on income poverty. Moreover, incentives to mitigate HIV/AIDS lie not only with poorer infected households, but also with uninfected higher income households.Our findings reveal the substantial burden that HIV/AIDS places on future economic development in KwaZulu-Natal and South Africa, and confirms the need for policies to curb the economic costs of the pandemic. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: James ThurlowJeff GowGavin George Source Type: journals

The role of disclosure in relation to assent to participate in HIV-related research among HIV-infected youth: a formative studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In settings where most minors are unaware of their HIV infection, researchers should consider excluding the term, "HIV", when explaining HIV-related research to minors, and omitting it from assent forms or informational sheets related to research participation. However, an individualized disclosure plan should be initiated with parents and caregivers at the time of enrolment in HIV-related research, particularly in research that involves treatment. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - August 26, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amy CorneliLara VazJennyfer DulyxSerge OmbaStuart RennieFrieda Behets Source Type: journals

Disparity in health care: HIV, stigma, and marginalization in NepalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The study identified the beginning of a change in the experiences of HIV-positive people, or those at risk of HIV, in their seeking of health care. With focused, contemporary HIV education and training, the beginning of positive changes in the knowledge base and attitude of health providers seemed to be apparent to some participants of this study. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - August 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chandra JhaJeanne Madison Source Type: journals

Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: what works?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this review paper is to provide information and guidance to those in the health care setting about why it is important to combat HIV-related stigma and how to successfully address its causes and consequences within health facilities. Research shows that stigma and discrimination in the health care setting and elsewhere contributes to keeping people, including health workers, from accessing HIV prevention, care and treatment services and adopting key preventive behaviours.Studies from different parts of the world reveal that there are three main immediately actionable causes of HIV-related stigma in health fa...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - August 5, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laura NybladeAnne StanglEllen WeissKim Ashburn Source Type: journals

Factors influencing quality of life of people living with HIV in Estonia: a cross-sectional surveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Identification of factors that determine quality of life is important in order to better tailor health and social care services, and thereby improve the functioning and well being of people living with HIV. The estimated number of people living with HIV in eastern Europe and central Asia is 1.6 million. Little is known about the quality of life of people living with HIV in this region. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected persons in Estonia. Methods: A convenient sample of 451 patients attending three infectious diseases clinic...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - July 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kristi RuutelHeti PisarevHelle-Mai LoitAnneli Uuskula Source Type: journals

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy results in decreased morbidity and mortality among patients with TB and HIVEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IntroductionThe overlapping drug toxicity profiles, drug-drug interactions and complications of management of both HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in patients with advanced HIV have not been fully delineated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the outcomes of tuberculosis treatment among 69 HIV-infected patients with TB, who were hospitalized in Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2002 and 2007, and who received standard category 1 (CAT-1) regimens. Group I (N=47) included those treated from 2002 to 2005 with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated after eight weeks of TB treatment...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - July 15, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Payam TabarsiAli TehraniParvaneh BaghaeiMojgan PadyabMajid AmiriDavood MansouriMohammad MasjediFrederick Altice Source Type: journals

Complexity, cofactors, and the failure of AIDS policy in AfricaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Global AIDS policy still treats HIV as an exceptional case, abstracting from the context in which infection occurs. Policy is based on a simplistic theory of HIV causation, and evaluated using outdated tools of health economics. Recent calls for a health systems strategy - preventing and treating HIV within a programme of comprehensive health care - have not yet influenced the silo approach of AIDS policy.Evidence continues to accumulate, showing that multiple factors, such as malnutrition, malaria and helminthes, increase the risk of sexual and vertical transmission of HIV. Moreover, complementary interventions that reduc...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - July 9, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eileen Stillwaggon Source Type: journals

Differences in resistance mutations among HIV-1 non-subtype B infections : a systematic review of evidence (1996-2008)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ninety percent of HIV-1-infected people worldwide harbour non-subtype B variants of HIV-1. Yet knowledge of resistance mutations in non-B HIV-1 and their clinical relevance is limited. Although a few reviews, editorials and perspectives have been published alluding to this lack of data among non-B subtypes, no systematic review has been performed to date.With this in mind, we conducted a systematic review (1996-2008) of all published studies performed on the basis of non-subtype B HIV-1 infections treated with antiretroviral drugs that reported genotype resistance tests. Using an established search string, 50 studies were ...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - June 29, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jorge Martinez-CajasNitika PaiMarina KleinMark Wainberg Source Type: journals

Transplantation of selected or transgenic blood stem cells - a future treatment for HIV/AIDS?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interaction with the chemokine receptor, CCR5, is a necessary precondition for maintaining HIV-1 infection. Individuals with the CCR5-delta32 deletion who lack this receptor are highly resistant to infection by the most common forms of HIV-1. We recently reported on the successful transplantation in an HIV-1-positive patient of allogeneic stem cells homozygous for the CCR5-delta32 allele, which stopped viral replication for more than 27 months without antiretroviral therapy.Here, we report on the results of a meeting regarding the potential implications and future directions of stem cell-targeted HIV treatments. The meetin...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - June 27, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gero HutterThomas SchneiderEckhard Thiel Source Type: journals

Modeling AIDS survival after initiation of antiretroviral treatment using Weibull models with change pointsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: By explicitly modeling the underlying abrupt changes in mortality risk after initiation ofantiretroviral therapy we are able to estimate their number and location in a rigorous, data-driven manner. Theexistence of a high early risk of death after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and the determination of itsduration has direct implications for the optimal management of patients initiating therapy in this setting. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - June 25, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Constantin Yiannoutsos Source Type: journals

Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: As highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) becomes increasingly available to African children, it is important to evaluate simple and feasible methods of improving adherence in order to maximize benefits of therapy. Methods: HIV-1-infected children initiating World Health Organization non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase-inhibitor-containing first-line HAART regimens were randomized to use medication diaries plus counselling, or counselling only (the control arm of the study). The diaries were completed daily by caregivers of children randomized to the diary and counselling arm for nine months. HIV-1 RNA, ...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - June 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dalton WamalwaCarey FarquharElizabeth ObimboSara SeligDorothy Mbori-NgachaBarbra RichardsonJulie OverbaughThaddeus EgondiIrene InwaniGrace John-Stewart Source Type: journals

The cost and impact of male circumcision on HIV/AIDS in BotswanaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major issue facing Botswana, with overall adult HIV prevalence estimated to be 25.7 percent in 2007. This paper estimates the cost and impact of the draft Ministry of Health male circumcision strategy using the UNAIDS/WHO Decision-Makers' Programme Planning Tool (DMPPT). Demographic data and HIV prevalence estimates from the recent National AIDS Coordinating Agency estimations are used as input to the DMPPT to estimate the impact of scaling-up male circumcision on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These data are supplemented by programmatic information from the draft Botswana National Strategy ...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - May 27, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lori BollingerJohn StoverGodfrey MusukaBoga FidzaniThemba MoetiLesego Busang Source Type: journals

Lessons learned during down referral of antiretroviral treatment in Tete, MozambiqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As sub-Saharan African countries continue to scale up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), there has been an increasing emphasis on moving provision of services from hospital level to the primary care clinic level. ART delivery at the clinic level increases the number of entry points to care, while the greater proximity of services encourages retention in care. In Tete city, Mozambique, patients on ART were rapidly down referred from a provincial hospital to four urban clinics in large numbers without careful planning, resulting in a number of patients being lost-to-follw up. We outline some key lessons learnt to support dow...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - May 6, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tom Decroo, Isabella Panunzi, Carla das Dores, Fernando Maldonado, Marc Biot, Nathan Ford and Kathryn M Chu Source Type: journals

Quality of life and the impact of drug toxicities in a South African community antiretroviral programmeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined health-related quality of life among HIV-positive individuals initiating HAART in Cape Town, South Africa, and explored the impact of HAART-related drug toxicities on quality of life. Methods: Health-related quality of life was assessed using a standardised questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36. Physical health summary scores and mental health summary scores were compared pre-HAART and at regular intervals during the first 48 weeks of HAART. The relationships between socio-demographic, baseline and on-treatment variables and decline in health-related quality of life, as well as the im...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - April 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jennifer Pitt, Landon Myer and Robin Wood Source Type: journals

Greater involvement of people living with HIV in health careEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS represents a mobilising and an organising principle for the involvement of people living with HIV in program and policy responses. People with HIV have been at the forefront of designing and implementing effective HIV treatment, care and prevention activities. However, governments and health systems have yet to act to fully harness the potential and resources of people living with HIV in addressing the epidemic. The lives and experiences of people living with HIV highlight the need for a shift in the existing paradigm of disease management. The high prevalence of HIV amon...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - March 14, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Odetoyinbo Morolake, David Stephens and Alice Welbourn Source Type: journals

Sang Froid in a time of trouble: is a vaccine against HIV possible?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the announcement of the STEP trial results in the past months, we have heard many sober pronouncements on the possibility of an HIV vaccine. On the other hand, optimistic quotations have been liberally used, from Shakespeare's Henry V's "Once more unto the breach, dear friends" to Winston Churchill's definition of success as "going from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm". I will forgo optimistic quotations for the phrase "Sang Froid", which translates literally from the French as "cold blood"; what it really means is to avoid panic when things look bad, to step back and coolly evaluate the situation....
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - February 2, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Stanley A. Plotkin Source Type: journals

Sex between men in the context of HIV: The AIDS 2008 Jonathan Mann Memorial Lecture in health and human rightsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been among the most affected populations by HIV since the AIDS pandemic was first identified in the 1980s. Evidence from a wide range of studies show that these men remain at the highest risk for HIV acquisition in both developed and developing countries, and that despite three decades of evidence of their vulnerability to HIV, they remain under-served and under-studied. Prevention strategies targeted to MSM are markedly under-funded in most countries, leading to limited access to health services including prevention, treatment, and care. We explore the global e...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - December 24, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jorge Saavedra, Jose Antonio Izazola-Licea and Chris Beyrer Source Type: journals

Sex Between Men in the Context of HIV: The Jonathan Mann Memorial Lecture in Health and Human RightsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been among the most affected populations by HIV since the AIDS pandemic was first identified in the 1980s. Evidence from a wide range of studies show that these men remain at the highest risk for HIV acquisition in both developed and developing countries, and that despite three decades of evidence of their vulnerability to HIV, they remain under-served and under-studied. Prevention strategies targeted to MSM are markedly under-funded in most countries, leading to limited access to health services including prevention, treatment, and care. We explore the global e...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - December 24, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jorge Saavedra, Jose' Antonio Izazola-Licea and Chris Beyrer Source Type: journals

Fear of Foreigners: HIV-related restrictions on entry, stay, and residenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among the earliest and the most enduring responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been the imposition by governments of entry, stay, and residence restrictions for non-nationals living with HIV and AIDS. Sixty-six of the 186 countries in the world for which data are available currently have some form of restriction in place. Although international human rights law allows for discrimination in the face of public health considerations, such discrimination must be the least intrusive measure required to effectively address the public health concern. HIV-related travel restrictions, by contrast, not only do not protect public he...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - December 16, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Joseph J Amon and Katherine WILTENBURG Todrys Source Type: journals

HIV is a virus, not a crime: ten reasons against criminal statutes and criminal prosecutionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The widespread phenomenon of enacting HIV-specific laws to criminally punish transmission of, exposure to, or non-disclosure of HIV, is counter-active to good public health conceptions and repugnant to elementary human rights principles. The authors provide ten reasons why criminal laws and criminal prosecutions are bad strategy in the epidemic. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - December 1, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Edwin Cameron, Scott Burris and Michaela Clayton Source Type: journals

Confronting TB/HIV in the era of increasing anti-TB drug resistanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HIV associated TB is a major public health problem. In 2006, it was estimated that there were over 700,000 people who suffered from HIV associated TB, of whom about 200, 000 have died. The burden of HIV associated TB is greatest in Sub-Saharan Africa where the TB epidemic is primarily driven by HIV. There has been steady progress made in reducing the burden of HIV in TB patients with an increasing number of TB patients tested for HIV and provided with cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Less progress is being made to reduce the burden of TB in people living with HIV. The number of HI...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - November 6, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jeremiah Chakaya, Haileyesus Getahun, Reuben Granich and Diane Havlir Source Type: journals

Journal of the International AIDS Society: an important step forwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This editorial welcomes readers to the launch of Journal of the International AIDS society. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 22, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mark A Wainberg, Elly Katabira and Shirin Heidari Source Type: journals

Benefits of an educational program for journalists on media coverage of HIV/AIDS in developing countriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The J2J program helps to increase global awareness of pertinent HIV/AIDS concepts. Through this professional development strategy, journalists from around the world may help to amplify efforts to prevent new HIV infections and quench the dissemination of inaccurate information and folklore. (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 22, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jorge L Martinez-Cajas, Cédric F Invernizzi, Michel Ntemgwa, Susan M Schader and Mark A Wainberg Source Type: journals

HIV/AIDS, conflict and security in Africa: rethinking relationshipsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of conflict on HIV transmission and regional and global security has been the subject of much recent discussion and debate. Many long held assumptions regarding these relationships are being reconsidered. Conflict has long been assumed to contribute significantly to the spread of HIV infection. However, new research is casting doubt on this assumption. Studies from Africa suggest that conflict does not necessarily predispose to HIV transmission and indeed, there is evidence to suggest that recovery in the "post-conflict" state is potentially dangerous from the standpoint of HIV transmission. As well, refugee pop...
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - September 22, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Joseph U Becker, Christian Theodosis and Rick Kulkarni Source Type: journals