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Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation - United States, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that during 1998-2008, the proportion of U.S. adults who were current cigarette smokers declined 3.5% (from 24.1% to 20.6%). However, the proportion did not change significantly from 2007 (19.8%) to 2008 (20.6%). In 2008, adults aged >or=25 years with low educational attainment had the highest prevalence of smoking (41.3% among persons with a General Educational Development certificate [GED] and 27.5% among persons with less than a high school diploma, compared with 5.7% among those with a graduate degree). Adults with education levels at or below the ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 13, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

State-specific secondhand smoke exposure and current cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results, which showed wide variation among states in exposure to SHS in homes (from 3.2% [Arizona] to 10.6% [West Virginia]) and indoor workplaces (from 6.0% [Tennessee] to 17.3% [USVI]). The majority of persons surveyed in the 11 states and USVI reported having smoke-free home rules (from 68.8% [West Virginia] to 85.7% [USVI]). This report also provides the 2008 results for CDC's annual BRFSS-based state-specific estimates of current smoking in 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and three territories (Guam, Puerto Rico, and USVI). As in previous years, the results showed substantial varia...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 13, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Update: influenza activity - United States, August 30-October 31, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity from August 30, 2009, defined as the beginning of the 2009-10 influenza season, through October 31, 2009. PMID: 19910911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 13, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Effectiveness of 2008-09 trivalent influenza vaccine against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) - United States, May-June 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Since first reports in April 2009, the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has spread around the world. The pandemic virus is antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses targeted by seasonal influenza vaccines. Results from recent serologic studies have suggested that seasonal influenza vaccines are unlikely to provide substantial cross-protection against infection with the pandemic H1N1 virus. However, how serologic results correlate with the complex immune responses that confer clinical protection remains uncertain. To complement the serologic studies and evaluate the effectiveness o...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 13, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments - United States, 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of that survey, which found that 43 (84%) programs offered coverage for some form of tobacco-dependence treatment to Medicaid enrollees in traditional fee-for-service (FFS) Medicaid, with four Medicaid programs adding coverage since 2006 and 20 programs adding coverage in the past decade. Only two states (New Mexico and New Jersey) reported access to tobacco-dependence treatments without any limitations or restrictions. Of the 25 states covering pharmacotherapy for Medicaid enrollees in both FFS and managed-care organizations (MCOs), only 13 covered the same tobacco-dependence treatments ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - Pennsylvania, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes this case, which was the second case of human vaccinia infection related to the ORV program. Public health agencies should educate the public, and particularly pet owners, regarding potential hazards associated with handling wildlife rabies vaccine baits and should provide guidance for persons exposed to this vaccine. PMID: 19893480 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Human rabies - Missouri, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the patient's treatment and clinical course. The report highlights the importance of raising public awareness of rabies, particularly the risk for rabies after bat and other wildlife exposures. Health-care providers should maintain a high clinical suspicion for rabies in patients with a recent animal bite history and unexplained encephalitis. PMID: 19893481 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids among medicaid enrollees - Washington, 2004-2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the results of that analysis, which found that 1,668 persons died from prescription opioid-related overdoses during the period (6.4 deaths per 100,000 per year); 58.9% of decedents were male, the highest percentage of deaths (34.4%) was among persons aged 45-54 years, and 45.4% of deaths were among persons enrolled in Medicaid. The age-adjusted rate of death was 30.8 per 100,000 in the Medicaid-enrolled population, compared with 4.0 per 100,000 in the non-Medicaid population, an age-adjusted relative risk of 5.7. Methadone, oxycodone, and hydrocodone were involved in 64.0%, 22.9%, and 13.9% of deaths,...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 30, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Perceived insufficient rest or sleep among adults - United States, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results, which showed that among 403,981 respondents, 30.7% reported no days of insufficient rest or sleep and 11.1% reported insufficient rest or sleep every day during the preceding 30 days. Females (12.4%) were more likely than males (9.9%) and non-Hispanic blacks (13.3%) were more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to report insufficient rest or sleep. State estimates of 30 days of insufficient rest or sleep ranged from 7.4% in North Dakota to 19.3% in West Virginia. Health-care providers should consider adding an assessment of chronic rest or sleep insufficiency to routine office visits ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 30, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Cronobacter species isolation in two infants - New Mexico, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes isolation of Cronobacter spp. in two nonhospitalized, unrelated infants (one male and one female) in New Mexico in 2008; one infant developed severe brain injury and hydrocephalus, and the other infant died. An investigation by the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) determined that PIF consumption was the only known risk factor in the two cases, although the sources of the Cronobacter spp. could not be determined. Cronobacter spp. were not isolated from sealed canisters of formula associated with the two infants, and clinical isolates from the infants differed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 30, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Introduction and transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) Virus--Kenya, June-July 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the four introductions and the accompanying analysis. The overall rate of secondary household transmission of laboratory-confirmed pandemic H1N1 was 26% (range: 7%-33%), which is comparable to secondary household attack rates reported for laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza virus infection. However, additional and more rigorous studies are needed to better understand the secondary attack rates associated with the current pandemic. PMID: 19847148 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Reduction in rotavirus after vaccine introduction--United States, 2000-2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Worldwide, rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children aged <5 years. In the United States, before introduction of a live, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in 2006, rotavirus caused an estimated 20 to 60 deaths, 55,000 to 70,000 hospitalizations, 205,000 to 272,000 emergency department visits, and 410,000 outpatient visits annually. Before 2000, rotavirus had a predictable winter-spring seasonality and geographic pattern in the United States, with activity beginning in the West census region during December-January, extending across the country, and ending in the Northeast ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--Nigeria, January 2008-July 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report provides an update on progress toward polio eradication in Nigeria during 2008-2009 and activities planned to interrupt transmission. During 2008-2009, Nigeria was the source for WPV1 transmission to 11 countries and WPV type 3 (WPV3) transmission to four countries. In addition, transmission of circulating type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) has been ongoing since 2005. WPV1 cases decreased 87%, from 574 during January-July 2008 to 73 for the same period in 2009. However, WPV3 cases rose approximately six-fold, from 51 during January-July 2008 to 303 during the same period in 2009, partly because of the ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Introduction and Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus --- Kenya, June--July 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the four introductions and the accompanying analysis. The overall rate of secondary household transmission of laboratory-confirmed pandemic H1N1 was 26% (range: 7%--33%), which is comparable to secondary household attack rates reported for laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza virus infection. However, additional and more rigorous studies are needed to better understand the secondary attack rates associated with the current pandemic. PMID: 19847148 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

eduction in Rotavirus After Vaccine Introduction --- United States, 2000--2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Worldwide, rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea in children aged <5 years. In the United States, before introduction of a live, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in 2006, rotavirus caused an estimated 20 to 60 deaths, 55,000 to 70,000 hospitalizations, 205,000 to 272,000 emergency department visits, and 410,000 outpatient visits annually. Before 2000, rotavirus had a predictable winter-spring seasonality and geographic pattern in the United States, with activity beginning in the West census region during December--January, extending across the country, and ending in the Northeast...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- Nigeria, january 2008--july 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report provides an update on progress toward polio eradication in Nigeria during 2008--2009 and activities planned to interrupt transmission. During 2008--2009, Nigeria was the source for WPV1 transmission to 11 countries and WPV type 3 (WPV3) transmission to four countries. In addition, transmission of circulating type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) has been ongoing since 2005. WPV1 cases decreased 87%, from 574 during January--July 2008 to 73 for the same period in 2009. However, WPV3 cases rose approximately six-fold, from 51 during January--July 2008 to 303 during the same period in 2009, partly because of ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 23, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy among males aged 5-24 years - four states, 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes those findings, which indicated overall state-specific prevalences on January 1, 2007, of 1.3-1.8 per 10,000 males aged 5--24 years. Among MD STARnet subjects, more than 90% of males with DBMD aged >or=15 years used wheelchairs. Nearly 60%percnt; of males with DBMD born during 1983-1987 had survived through 2007, emphasizing the need to develop and implement programs that address lifelong needs of males with DBMD. PMID: 19834452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 15, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis, January 2008-June 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report updates continued progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis since January 2008. At the end of December 2008, dracunculiasis was endemic in six countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan). The number of indigenous cases of dracunculiasis had decreased 52%, from 9,585 in 2007 to 4,619 in 2008. Of the 1,446 cases that occurred during January-June 2009, 1,413 (98%) were reported from Sudan and Ghana. Currently, insecurity (e.g., sporadic violence or civil unrest) in areas of Sudan and Mali where dracunculiasis is endemic poses the greatest threat to the success of the global dracunculias...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 15, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Prevalence of duchenne/becker muscular dystrophy among males aged 5--24 years --- four States, 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes those findings, which indicated overall state-specific prevalences on January 1, 2007, of 1.3--1.8 per 10,000 males aged 5--24 years. Among MD STARnet subjects, more than 90% of males with DBMD aged >/=15 years used wheelchairs. Nearly 60%percnt; of males with DBMD born during 1983--1987 had survived through 2007, emphasizing the need to develop and implement programs that address lifelong needs of males with DBMD. PMID: 19834452 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 15, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis, january 2008--june 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report updates continued progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis since January 2008. At the end of December 2008, dracunculiasis was endemic in six countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan). The number of indigenous cases of dracunculiasis had decreased 52%, from 9,585 in 2007 to 4,619 in 2008. Of the 1,446 cases that occurred during January--June 2009, 1,413 (98%) were reported from Sudan and Ghana. Currently, insecurity (e.g., sporadic violence or civil unrest) in areas of Sudan and Mali where dracunculiasis is endemic poses the greatest threat to the success of the global dracunculia...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 15, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Influenza vaccination coverage among children and adults - United States, 2008-09 influenza season.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicated that reported influenza vaccination coverage of >or=1 doses was 40.9% for ages 6-23 months, 32.0% for 2-4 years, and 20.8% for 5-17 years. Among adults, reported coverage was 32.1% for persons aged 18--49 years with high-risk conditions, 42.3% for persons 50--64 years, and 67.2% for persons >or=65 years. These results are consistent with previous studies that have found no significant increases in vaccination coverage for any of these age groups over previous seasons. These 2008--09 season estimates provide a baseline for assessing implementation of ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Norovirus outbreaks on three college campuses - California, Michigan, and Wisconsin, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the investigations of these outbreaks, which resulted in a total of approximately 1,000 cases of reported illness, including at least 10 hospitalizations, and prompted closure of one of the three campuses. Median duration of the three outbreaks was 19 days (range: 16-20 days), and the attack rates ranged from 1.5% to 12.9%. Because of the potential for widespread infection and rapid transmission on college campuses, efforts to prevent and control norovirus outbreaks in these settings should focus on promoting hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and exclusion of ill food workers. PMID: 19816...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Availability of less nutritious snack foods and beverages in secondary schools - selected States, 2002-2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of those analyses, which indicated that, during 2002-2008, the percentage of schools in which students could not purchase candy or salty snacks not low in fat increased in 37 of 40 states. From 2006 to 2008, the percentage of schools in which students could not purchase soda pop or fruit drinks that were not 100% juice increased in all 34 participating states. Despite these improvements, in 2008, the percentage of schools among states in which students could not purchase sports drinks ranged from 22.7% to 84.8% (state median: 43.7%), and the percentage in which students could not purchase...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Influenza vaccination coverage among children and adults --- United States, 2008--09 influenza season.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicated that reported influenza vaccination coverage of >/=1 doses was 40.9% for ages 6--23 months, 32.0% for 2--4 years, and 20.8% for 5--17 years. Among adults, reported coverage was 32.1% for persons aged 18--49 years with high-risk conditions, 42.3% for persons 50--64 years, and 67.2% for persons >/=65 years. These results are consistent with previous studies that have found no significant increases in vaccination coverage for any of these age groups over previous seasons. These 2008--09 season estimates provide a baseline for assessing implementation of...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Norovirus outbreaks on three college campuses --- california, michigan, and wisconsin, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the investigations of these outbreaks, which resulted in a total of approximately 1,000 cases of reported illness, including at least 10 hospitalizations, and prompted closure of one of the three campuses. Median duration of the three outbreaks was 19 days (range: 16--20 days), and the attack rates ranged from 1.5% to 12.9%. Because of the potential for widespread infection and rapid transmission on college campuses, efforts to prevent and control norovirus outbreaks in these settings should focus on promoting hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and exclusion of ill food workers. PMID: 1981...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Update on Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: On September 15, 2009, four influenza vaccine manufacturers received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for use of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent influenza vaccines in the prevention of influenza caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Both live, attenuated and inactivated influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine formulations are available; each contains the strain A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm. None of the approved influenza A 2009 (H1N1) monovalent vaccines or seasonal influenza vaccines contains adjuvants. CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has made recommend...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Availability of less nutritious snack foods and beverages in secondary schools --- selected States, 2002--2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of those analyses, which indicated that, during 2002--2008, the percentage of schools in which students could not purchase candy or salty snacks not low in fat increased in 37 of 40 states. From 2006 to 2008, the percentage of schools in which students could not purchase soda pop or fruit drinks that were not 100% juice increased in all 34 participating states. Despite these improvements, in 2008, the percentage of schools among states in which students could not purchase sports drinks ranged from 22.7% to 84.8% (state median: 43.7%), and the percentage in which students could not purchas...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 8, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6 months--18 years - eight immunization information system sentinel sites, United States, 2008-09 influenza season.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Annual influenza vaccination was first recommended for children aged 6-23 months in 2004 and for children aged 24-59 months in 2006. In August 2008, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded its recommendations to include all children aged 5-18 years, beginning with the 2008-09 influenza season. Among children aged 6 months--8 years, previously unvaccinated children and children who received only 1 vaccine dose for the first time in the preceding influenza season are recommended to receive 2 inf...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months - United States, 2007-08 influenza season.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Infants and children aged <2 years often require medical care for influenza and have higher rates of influenza-related hospitalization than any other age group except persons aged >or=65 years. Since 2004, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended seasonal influenza vaccination for all children aged 6-23 months. Full vaccination for these children requires receipt of 2 doses in the current influenza season if they have not been vaccinated previously or received a single dose during the preceding season. To assess influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 mont...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Hurricane Ike rapid needs assessment - Houston, Texas, September 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the assessment, which found that services to residents were disrupted longer and more extensively than anticipated, and that the greatest need among surveyed households was for assistance obtaining food (26.8%). The results suggest the need to prepare communities at risk for hurricanes for longer than the commonly anticipated 3-5 day recovery period. These findings also highlight the importance of rapid assessments of health and basic needs in such areas, even when communities sustain little structural loss and few injuries. Responders should prepare to support such areas that might experience health-...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Bacterial coinfections in lung tissue specimens from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) - United States, May-August 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the demographic and clinical findings from these cases and the laboratory evaluation of the specimens. Evidence of concurrent bacterial infection was found in specimens from 22 (29%) of the 77 patients, including 10 caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Duration of illness was available for 17 of the 22 patients; median duration was 6 days (range: 1-25 days). Fourteen of 18 patients for whom information was available sought medical care while ill, and eight (44%) were hospitalized. These findings confirm that bacterial lung infections are occurring among patients with fatal cases of 2009...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - October 1, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests during two school outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection - Connecticut, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the findings from this performance assessment, which indicated that, compared with rRT-PCR, the sensitivity of the RIDT for detecting infection in patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) was 47%, and the specificity was 86%. Sensitivity and specificity did not vary substantially by the presence or absence of CDC-defined influenza-like illness (ILI) or by time from symptom onset to specimen acquisition. In this group of patients, although positive RIDT results performed well in predicting confirmed infection with pandemic H1N1 virus (positive predictive value: 92%), negative tests did not accur...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 24, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis - Maine, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that Ixodes scapularis (the tick vector for Anaplasma phagocytophilum) was broadly distributed in Maine, whereas Amblyomma americanum (the tick vector for Erhlichia chaffeenisis) was scarce. Moreover, 95% of physician-reported ehrlichiosis cases lacked a concurrent serologic assessment to exclude anaplasmosis, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity might have resulted in misclassification. In 2008, Maine modified case classification to enhance specificity; ehrlichiosis cases that lack a concurrent test for anaplasmosis are now classified as suspect rath...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 24, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Progress toward measles control - African region, 2001-2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the progress made during 2001- -2008 toward improving measles control in AFR. During 2001- -2008 estimated MCV1 coverage increased from 57% to 73%, SIAs vaccinated approximately 398 million children, and reported measles cases decreased by 93%, from 492,116 in 2001 to 32,278 in 2008. By 2005, global measles deaths had decreased by 60%, and the AFR goal had been achieved; AFR adopted a new goal to reduce deaths by 90%, compared with 2000, and that goal was achieved in 2006. However, inaccuracies in reported vaccination coverage exist, surveillance is suboptimal, and measles outbreaks continue to occur...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 24, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Updated recommendation from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for revaccination of persons at prolonged increased risk for meningococcal disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report provides the rationale for the new recommendation and updates and replaces previous recommendations for revaccination with MCV4. PMID: 19779400 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 24, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Nonfatal scald-related burns among adults aged >/=65 years--United States, 2001-2006.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results, which indicated that adults aged =65 years made an estimated 51,700 initial visits to EDs for nonfatal scald burns during 2001-2006, for an average of 8,620 visits per year and an estimated average annual rate of 23.8 visits per 100,000 population. Two thirds of visits were made by women. Most (76%) of the nonfatal scald injuries occurred at home; 42% were associated with hot food and 30% with hot water or steam. The findings in this report highlight the need for effective scald-prevention programs targeted to older persons. PMID: 19763074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--United States, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes results from the 2008 NIS-Teen and, for the first time, includes estimates for each of the 50 states and selected local areas. Nationally, vaccination coverage for the three most recently recommended adolescent vaccinations and one childhood vaccination increased from 2007 to 2008: MCV4 (from 32.4% to 41.8%), Tdap (from 30.4% to 40.8%), >/=1 dose of HPV4 (from 25.1% to 37.2%), and >/=2 doses of VAR among those without disease history (from 18.8% to 34.1%). However, substantial variability in vaccination coverage was observed in 2008 among state and local areas and by race/ethnicity and poverty ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses--worldwide, January 2008-June 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report updates previous summaries and describes VDPVs detected worldwide during January 2008-June 2009. During this period, 1) two new outbreaks of circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) (accounting for 4-20 cases) were identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia; 2) a previously identified outbreak in Nigeria ultimately resulted in a cumulative total of 292 cases; 3) two newly identified paralyzed immunodeficient persons in Argentina and the United States were found to excrete VDPVs; and 4) isolated VDPVs were found among persons and environmental samples in 11 countries. All countries need to maintain 1) high ra...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Updated recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of hepatitis A vaccine in close contacts of newly arriving international adoptees.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report introduces the new recommendation and outlines the underlying epidemiologic and programmatic rationale. PMID: 19763077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Authors: , Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Licensure of a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (Hiberix) and updated recommendations for use of Hib vaccine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the indications for Hiberix use and provides guidance on Hib booster dose administration based on increasing vaccine supplies. Vaccination recommendations in this report update the previous advisory on Hib booster administration (June 26, 2009), which advised that children with deferred booster doses receive it at the next regularly scheduled visit. Vaccination providers are now recommended to begin recall of children in need of the booster dose when feasible and monovalent Hib vaccine supply in the office is adequate. PMID: 19763078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Update: influenza activity--United States, April-August 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report provides an overview of influenza activity during April-August 2009 and recommendations for the upcoming 2009-10 influenza season. Pandemic H1N1 influenza activity peaked in the United States during May and June and declined during July and early August. However, levels of influenza activity remained above normal for summer months, and focal outbreaks were reported throughout the summer. During the last 2 weeks of August, pandemic H1N1 influenza activity increased in certain areas of the United States. Clinicians and public health officials should be aware that these recent increases might signal an early start...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 17, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two summer campers receiving prophylaxis--North Carolina, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Initial testing of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus found it susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) and resistant to adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine). Neuraminidase inhibitors have been used widely for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1); however, sporadic cases of oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been reported worldwide, including nine U.S. cases identified as of September 4. On July 14, CDC was contacted by a physician at a summer camp in North Carolina regarding two cases of influenza-l...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Receipt of influenza vaccine during pregnancy among women with live births--Georgia and Rhode Island, 2004-2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results, which showed that in Georgia, the prevalence of influenza vaccination during the woman's most recent pregnancy increased from 10.4% in 2004 to 15.5% in 2006. In Rhode Island, vaccination prevalence increased from 21.9% in 2004 to 33.4% in 2007. During 2006 in Georgia, the most common reasons for not receiving vaccination were, "I don't normally get the flu vaccination" (69.4%), and "my physician did not mention anything about a flu vaccine during my pregnancy" (44.5%). Increased efforts are needed to assess vaccine coverage during pregnancy and to educate providers and pregnant women abo...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

National laboratory inventories for wild poliovirus containment--Western Pacific region, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes completion of Phase I containment activities by WPR countries, and updates a previous report on Phase I completion in the European Region and global progress. PMID: 19745805 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 10, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Surveillance for pediatric deaths associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection - United States, April-August 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: Children aged <5 years or with certain chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for complications and death from influenza. Because of this increased risk, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has prioritized influenza prevention and treatment for children aged <5 years and for those with certain chronic medical and immunosuppressive conditions. CDC monitors child influenza deaths through its influenza-associated pediatric mortality reporting system. As of August 8, 2009, CDC had received reports of 477 deaths associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in the United Sta...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 3, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Inadvertent ingestion of marijuana - Los Angeles, California, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which detected cannabinoids in a recovered sample of the brownies. Two patients sought medical attention, and one patient's urine and serum tested positive for 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), a marijuana metabolite. The findings in this report demonstrate the utility of a collaborative investigation by public health and law enforcement.The findings also underscore the need to consider marijuana as a potential contaminant during foodborne illness investigations and the importance of identifying drug metabolites by testing of clinical specime...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 3, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Laboratory surveillance for wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses - worldwide, January 2008-June 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report updates previous reports and summarizes GPLN activities and detection of WPVs and VDPVs during January 2008-June 2009. During this period, GPLN tested 247,794 fecal samples from 127,566 acute flaccid paralysis cases, from which 14,279 (5.8%) poliovirus isolates (vaccine-related and WPV) were detected, including 4,280 (1.7%) WPVs from 22 countries. GPLN laboratory capacity and capabilities remain an integral part of surveillance for polioviruses and efforts to eliminate polio from the remaining areas of circulation. PMID: 19730408 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 3, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections - Chicago, Illinois, April-July 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report summarizes laboratory-confirmed cases identified during April 24-July 25 and provides clinical and epidemiologic data for a subset of those cases. By July 25, a total of 1,557 laboratory-confirmed cases had been reported to CDPH. The overall attack rate was highest among children aged 5-14 years (147 per 100,000 population), which was 14 times higher than for adults aged >or=60 years. A total of 205 (13%) patients were hospitalized, with the highest rate observed among children aged 0-4 years (25 per 100,000), followed by children aged 5-14 years (11 per 100,000). These findings affirm prevention strategies ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - August 27, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Surveillance for the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus and seasonal influenza viruses - New Zealand, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the results of those analyses, which determined that the number of viruses identified as 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) rapidly overtook the number identified as seasonal influenza, and the peak weekly consultation rate for ILI was three times the peak rate in New Zealand during the same period in 2008. These findings demonstrate the value of using integrated epidemiologic and virologic surveillance in New Zealand to monitor the scope of an influenza epidemic, identify circulating strains, assist public health control measures, and guide effective use of influenza vaccines and antivirals. PMID: ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - August 27, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes the 2008 NIS coverage estimates for this series and individual vaccines, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), >or=2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), and hepatitis B vaccination received in the first 3 days of life (HepB birth dose) among children born during January 2005-June 2007. In 2008, 4:3:1:3:3:1 series coverage was 76.1%, compared with 77.4% in 2007; >or=90% coverage was maintained for all recommended series vaccines, except >or=4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Coverage with >or=3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (H...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - August 27, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals