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A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging methods for fluid content imaging in porous media.
Abstract Quantitative measurements are important for imaging fluid content in porous media. Conventional MRI methods suffer from contrast because of relaxation times in porous media, resulting in measurements of apparent fluid content, not the true fluid content. We compare four magnetic resonance imaging methods for fluid content imaging in several water-saturated reservoir core plugs: frequency-encoded spin echo, single point ramped imaging with T1 enhancement, hybrid spin echo single point imaging (SE-SPI), and T2 mapping SE-SPI. 1-D profiles obtained with each method were compared in terms of image quality, ima...
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC - May 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Muir CE, Balcom BJ Tags: Magn Reson Chem Source Type: research

Fetal MRI Correlates with Postnatal CT Angiogram Assessment of Pulmonary Anatomy in Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve
This report is the first demonstrating the utility of fetal MRI in tetralogy of Fallot/absent pulmonary valve patients, which predicted postnatal pulmonary artery size and visualized airway compression and lung parenchymal lesions. The distribution of lobar fluid trapping on fetal MRI correlated with air trapping on postnatal computed tomography angiogram. (Source: Congenital Heart Disease)
Source: Congenital Heart Disease - May 22, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Heather Y. Sun, Justin Boe, Erika Rubesova, Richard A. Barth, Theresa A. Tacy Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Ligand-Free Gadolinium Oxide for In Vivo T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C3CP51530C, PaperNingqi Luo, Xiu-mei Tian, Chuan Yang, Jun Xiao, Wenyong Hu, Dihu Chen, Li LiGadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), which can be used as T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, has attracted intensive attention in these years. In this paper, ligand-free monoclinic Gd2O3 nanocrystals of...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. latest articles)
Source: RSC - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. latest articles - May 21, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ningqi Luo Source Type: research

Exposure to violence reduces empathetic responses to other's pain - Guo X, Zheng L, Wang H, Zhu L, Li J, Wang Q, Dienes Z, Yang Z.
Past researches showed that empathy for pain not only triggers a resonance mechanism between other and self, but also is modulated by contextual factors. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study demonstrated that short-term media viol... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))
Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) - May 20, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomes Source Type: news

Multilevel Obstruction in the Left Heart During Pregnancy
A 29-year-old woman presented 21 weeks into her first pregnancy with an episode of pulmonary edema. Transthoracic echocardiography suggested severe mitral stenosis (A, Online Video 1) due to a parachute mitral valve with single functioning papillary muscle (B, Online Video 2). Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the mitral valve could not be treated percutaneously but it also identified a bicuspid aortic valve without evidence of a subaortic ridge (C,Online Video 3). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging identified the single functioning papillary muscle in a short-axis cine image (D, Online Video 4) and an aortic...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions - May 20, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

US Charges 3 NYU Researchers in Chinese Bribery CaseUS Charges 3 NYU Researchers in Chinese Bribery Case
U.S. authorities brought criminal charges against 3 researchers, alleging they conspired to take bribes from Chinese medical and research outfits for details about research into magnetic resonance imaging technology. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - May 20, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Radiology News Source Type: news

Longitudinal comparison between MRI, MRS and histology‐determined steatosis in NAFLD patients at two‐time points in a randomized trial
Conclusion:In this longitudinal study, MRI‐estimated PDFF correlates well with MRS‐measured‐PDFF and is more sensitive than histology‐determined steatosis grade in quantifying increase or decrease in liver fat content. Therefore, it may be used to quantify changes in liver fat in future clinical trials. (HEPATOLOGY 2013.) (Source: Hepatology)
Source: Hepatology - May 20, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mazen Noureddin, Jessica Lam, Michael R. Peterson, Michael Middleton, Gavin Hamilton, Thuy‐Anh Le, Ricki Bettencourt, Chris Changchien, David A. Brenner, Claude Sirlin, Rohit Loomba Tags: Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Liver Disease Source Type: research

An Approach to Rapid Calculation of Temperature Change in Tissue Using Spatial Filters to Approximate Effects of Thermal Conduction
We present an approach to performing rapid calculations of temperature within tissue by interleaving, at regular time intervals, 1) an analytical solution to the Pennes (or other desired) bioheat equation excluding the term for thermal conduction and 2) application of a spatial filter to approximate the effects of thermal conduction. Here, the basic approach is presented with attention to filter design. The method is applied to a few different cases relevant to magnetic resonance imaging, and results are compared to those from a full finite-difference (FD) implementation of the Pennes bioheat equation. It is seen that resu...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Feature-Preserving Smoothing of Diffusion Weighted Images Using Nonstationarity Adaptive Filtering
Although promising for studying the microstructure of in vivo tissues, the performance and the potentiality of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging are hampered by the presence of high-level noise in diffusion weighted (DW) images. This paper proposes a novel smoothing approach, called the nonstationarity adaptive filtering, which estimates the intensity of a pixel by averaging intensities in its adaptive homogeneous neighborhood. The latter is determined according to five constraints and spatiodirectional nonstationarity measure maps. The proposed approach is compared with an anisotropic diffusion method used in DW...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Denoising MRI Using Spectral Subtraction
Improving the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using denoising techniques could enhance their value, provided that signal statistics and image resolution are not compromised. Here, a new denoising method based on spectral subtraction of the measured noise power from each signal acquisition is presented. Spectral subtraction denoising (SSD) assumes no prior knowledge of the acquired signal and does not increase acquisition time. Whereas conventional denoising/filtering methods are compromised in parallel imaging by spatially dependent noise statistics, SSD is performed on signals acquired from...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 18, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of aortic valve morphology
We noted with interest the findings of Malaisrie and colleagues, who reported in the August 2012 issue of the Journal that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) was superior to 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in determining the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve. (Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - May 18, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Jasmin Grewal, Leighton Kearney, Piyush Mohan Srivastava Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Reply to the Editor
We thank Grewal and colleagues for their interest in our article, “Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is more diagnostic than 2-dimensional echocardiography in determining the presence of bicuspid aortic valve.” In our study, we found that transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) correctly discriminated 62% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve, compared with 93% with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Excluding nondiagnostic test results, the sensitivities for bicuspid aortic valve were 86% for TTE and 96% for CMRI. Our study population included patients with aortic stenosis, regurgitation, and normally functioni...
Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - May 18, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: S. Chris Malaisrie, Issam Mikati, Vera Rigolin, Patrick M. McCarthy Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Anatomy of the Ovine Lumbar Spine
This study provides useful reference images to researchers working with ovine models. (Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C)
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - May 17, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. F. Nisolle, X. Q. Wang, M. Squélart, F. Hontoir, N. Kirschvink, P. Clegg, J. M. Vandeweerd Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Post mortem MRI may reduce need for pediatric autopsy
Post mortem magnetic resonance imaging could be a feasible alternative to autopsy for determining cause of death in carefully selected fetuses, infants, and children, research indicates. (Source: MedWire News - Pediatrics)
Source: MedWire News - Pediatrics - May 17, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: news

MRI Useful For Predicting Failure Of Metal-On-Metal Hip Implants Before Symptoms Appear
Metal-on-metal hip implants can cause inflammation of the joint lining (synovitis) long before symptoms appear, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify this inflammation, according to a new study by researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery. The study, which appears in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, demonstrates that MRI can be used to identify implants that are going to fail before people become symptomatic. "The study shows that synovitis exists in asymptomatic people in a fairly high prevalence," said Hollis Potter, M.D... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 17, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Arthritis / Rheumatology Source Type: news

Spinal and paraspinal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone acetate injections - michigan, 2012-2013.
Abstract As of May 6, 2013, Michigan had reported 167 (52%) of the 320 paraspinal or spinal infections without meningitis associated with the 2012-2013 fungal meningitis outbreak nationally. Although the index patient had a laboratory-confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus infection, the fungus most often identified, including in unopened vials of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), remains Exserohilum rostratum, a common black mold found on plants and in soil. Exposures have occurred through epidural, paraspinal, peripheral nerve, and intra-articular injection with MPA from contaminated lots compounded by the New England C...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - May 17, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Quantification of left and right atrial kinetic energy using four-dimensional intracardiac magnetic resonance imaging flow measurements
Kinetic energy (KE) of atrial blood has been postulated as a possible contributor to ventricular filling. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the left (LA) and right (RA) atrial blood KE using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent CMR at 3 T, including a four-dimensional phase-contrast flow sequence. Mean LA KE was lower than RA KE (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.1 mJ, P < 0.01). Three KE peaks were seen in both atria: one in ventricular systole, one during early ventricular diastole, and one during atrial contraction. The systolic LA peak was significantly smaller than the RA peak (P &...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - May 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Arvidsson, P. M., Toger, J., Heiberg, E., Carlsson, M., Arheden, H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Right papillary muscle sling: proof of concept and pilot clinical experience [BASIC SCIENCE]
CONCLUSION Intraventricular remodelling with a papillary muscle sling is safe and feasible on the right heart. Short-term follow-up shows that it ameliorates clinical functional status and improves valve competency through reduced tension and tethering of tricuspid leaflets. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)
Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery - May 16, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Al-Attar, N., Hvass, U. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for perioperative evaluation of sternal eversion for pectus excavatum [THORACIC]
CONCLUSIONS After surgical correction of pectus excavatum with the sternal eversion technique, CMR demonstrates improvement in both anatomical chest wall contour and cardiac performance. Sternal eversion provides the most complete anatomical correction and greatest relief of internal cardiac compression. We recommend CMR as the definitive modality for evaluation of patients with pectus excavatum, as this modality shows that the primary underlying physiological abnormality in pectus excavatum is cardiac compression. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)
Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery - May 16, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Humphries, C. M., Anderson, J. L., Flores, J. H., Doty, J. R. Tags: THORACIC Source Type: research

Editorial Comment: Is it possible to detect postoperative improvements in cardiac function through magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pectus excavatum--at rest? [THORACIC]
(Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)
Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery - May 16, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Pilegaard, H. K., Maagaard, M. Tags: THORACIC Source Type: research

Dandy-Walker malformation and Wisconsin syndrome: novel cases add further insight into the genotype-phenotype correlations of 3q23q25 deletions
Conclusions: Our data indicate that the 3q deletion is a rare defect associated with DWM, and suggest that the hemizygosity of ZIC1-ZIC4 genes is neither necessary nor sufficient per se to cause this condition. Furthermore, based on a detailed comparison of clinical features and molecular data from 3q deleted patients, we propose clinical diagnostic criteria and refine the critical region for WS. (Source: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases)
Source: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases - May 16, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Alessandro FerrarisLaura BernardiniVesna Sabolic AvramovskaGinevra ZanniSara LoddoElena Sukarova-AngelovskaValentina ParisiAnna CapalboStefano TuminiLorena TravagliniFrancesca ManciniFilip DumaSabina BarresiAntonio NovelliEugenio MercuriLuigi TaraniEnrico Source Type: research

MRI scans could make baby autopsies more acceptable
LONDON (Reuters) - Bereaved parents who do not want to see their dead babies go through a conventional autopsy could in future be offered a less invasive option which uses magnetic resonance imaging and blood tests to establish the cause of death. (Source: Reuters: Health)
Source: Reuters: Health - May 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: healthNews Source Type: news

MRI Scans Could Make Baby Autopsies More Acceptable
Bereaved parents who do not want to see their dead babies go through a conventional autopsy could in future be offered a less invasive option which uses magnetic resonance imaging and blood tests to establish the cause of death. Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Pages: Bereavement, MRI Scans (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)
Source: MedlinePlus Health News - May 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

White matter integrity alterations in first episode, treatment-naive generalized anxiety disorder
Conclusions: These findings provide the first evidence of an abnormality in white matter microstructure that involves the amygdala and the cingulate cortex in the pathogenesis of GAD, and are consistent with neurobiological models that posit a defect in emotion-related brain regions. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)
Source: Journal of Affective Disorders - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Yan Zhang, Lingjiang Li, Rongjun Yu, Jun Liu, Jinsong Tang, Liwen Tan, Mei Liao, Fan Yang, Baoci Shan Tags: Research reports Source Type: research

Intraparenchymal Schwannoma Involving the Brainstem in a Young Woman
We report a 17-year-old girl with a 3-month history of unspecific dizziness, unsteadiness, and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous cystic lesion involving midbrain, pons, and left cerebellar peduncle. The patient underwent a retromastoid craniotomy with complete resection of the tumor. Pathologic examination was compatible with intraparenchymal schwannoma. Since the first case of intraparenchymal schwannoma involving the brainstem was described in 1980, only seven others have been reported. Diagnosis of intraparenchymal schwannoma is almost never made preoperatively. Immunohistochemical staining is ...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Aida Antuña Ramos, Marco Antonio Alvarez Vega, Hernan Sandoval Valencia, Juan Campos García, Vicente Calatayud Perez Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Cerebritis Arising From Acute Sinusitis Evolving Into a Large Brain Abscess
A 13-year-old girl was admitted with headache and fever. She had a previous history of sinusitis, but did not report rhinologic signs. Her neurologic examination findings were normal except mild neck stiffness. Cranial axial computed tomography showed sphenoid sinusitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Intravenous cefotaxime was administrated to treat sinusitis. However, the symptoms of fever, headache, and neck stiffness persisted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed after 2 days, identified early stage cerebral abscess extended from sinusitis (). She underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery, a...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Keun Soo Lee, Bo Lyun Lee Tags: Images in Child Neurology Source Type: research

Predicting multiple sclerosis following isolated optic neuritis in children
ConclusionsMultiple sclerosis‐like cMRI lesions and OCB are suitable for assessing the risk of progression to MS following isolated ON, as children with both cMRI abnormalities and positive OCB at onset of ON are at high risk of developing MS. (Source: European Journal of Neurology)
Source: European Journal of Neurology - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Heussinger, E. Kontopantelis, O. Rompel, M. Paulides, R. Trollmann Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Imaging brain deoxyglucose uptake and metabolism by glucoCEST MRI
& Kai-Hsiang Chuang (Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow)
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Fatima A NasrallahGuilhem PagèsPhilip W KuchelXavier GolayKai-Hsiang Chuang Tags: 2-deoxyglucose glucoCEST magnetic resonance imaging metabolism Source Type: research

Body Fat Is Associated With Reduced Aortic Stiffness Until Middle Age [Obesity]
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but the effect of body composition on vascular aging and arterial stiffness remains uncertain. We investigated relationships among body composition, blood pressure, age, and aortic pulse wave velocity in healthy individuals. Pulse wave velocity in the thoracic aorta, an indicator of central arterial stiffness, was measured in 221 volunteers (range, 18–72 years; mean, 40.3±13 years) who had no history of cardiovascular disease using cardiovascular MRI. In univariate analyses, age (r=0.78; P<0.001) and blood pressure (r=0.41; P<0.001) showed a str...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Corden, B., Keenan, N. G., de Marvao, A. S. M., Dawes, T. J. W., DeCesare, A., Diamond, T., Durighel, G., Hughes, A. D., Cook, S. A., O'Regan, D. P. Tags: CT and MRI, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epidemiology Obesity Source Type: research

High Blood Pressure and Cerebral White Matter Lesion Progression in the General Population [White Matter Lesions]
High blood pressure is considered an important risk factor for cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) in the aging population. In a longitudinal population-based study of 665 nondemented persons, we investigated the longitudinal relationship of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure with annual progression of WMLs. Means of blood pressure were calculated over a 5-year period before longitudinal MRI scanning. WML progression was subsequently measured on 2 scans 3.5 years apart. We performed analyses with linear regression models and evaluated adjustments for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Verhaaren, B. F. J., Vernooij, M. W., de Boer, R., Hofman, A., Niessen, W. J., van der Lugt, A., Ikram, M. A. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Factors for Stroke, Epidemiology White Matter Lesions Source Type: research

Functional MRI in conscious rats using a chronically implanted surface coil
ConclusionThis methodology leaves the face and limbs free from obstruction, making possible a range of behavioral or sensory stimulation protocols. Further development of this animal model could enable traditional behavioral neuroscience techniques to be combined with modern functional neuroimaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 15, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Chris J. Martin, Aneurin J. Kennerley, Jason Berwick, Michael Port, John E.W. Mayhew Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Enhancement of liver and pancreas on late hepatic arterial phase Imaging: Quantitative comparison among multiple gadolinium‐based contrast agents at 1.5 tesla MRI
ConclusionOur study describes % enhancement of liver and pancreas using various GBCAs. The data may provide reference material on relaxation properties of GBCAs in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 15, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Mi Jeong Kim, Seong Hyun Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Bong Soo Kim, Mateus Hernandes, Richard C. Semelka Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Comparison of three‐dimensional pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging with gradient‐echo and spin‐echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
ConclusionThis study suggested that perfusion images obtained from 3D‐PCASL exhibited significant correlations with DSC‐MRI, with greater microvascular weighting like SE‐DSC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 15, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Alex M. Wong, Feng‐Xian Yan, Ho‐Ling Liu Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

3 tesla 1H MR spectroscopy of hip bone marrow in a healthy population, assessment of normal fat content values and influence of age and sex
ConclusionWe obtained normal spectroscopic FC values from different areas of the hip, according to age and sex. These values may be used as reference values to evaluate, by the means of 1H MR spectroscopy, pathological conditions affecting hip bone marrow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 15, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Vittorio Pansini, Aurélien Monnet, Julia Salleron, Pierre Hardouin, Bernard Cortet, Anne Cotten Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

X-ray phase-contrast in vivo microtomography probes new aspects of Xenopus gastrulation
f & Ralf Hofmann An ambitious goal in biology is to understand the behaviour of cells during development by imaging—in vivo and with subcellular resolution—changes of the embryonic structure. Important morphogenetic movements occur throughout embryogenesis, but in particular during gastrulation when a series of dramatic, coordinated cell movements drives the reorganization of a simple ball or sheet of cells into a complex multi-layered organism. In Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed frog and also in zebrafish, cell and tissue movements have been studied in explants, in fixed embryos, in vivo usin...
Source: Nature - May 15, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Julian MoosmannAlexey ErshovVenera AltapovaTilo BaumbachManeeshi S. PrasadCarole LaBonneXianghui XiaoJubin KashefRalf Hofmann Tags: Letter Source Type: research

The emerging role of MRI in quantitative renal glomerular morphology
Techniques to measure morphological parameters, such as glomerular (and thereby nephron) number, glomerular size, and kidney volume, have been vital to understanding factors contributing to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These techniques have also been important to understanding the associations between CKD and other systemic and cardiovascular diseases and have led to the identification of developmental risk factors for these pathologies. However, existing techniques in quantitative kidney morphology are resource- and time-consuming and are destructive to the organ. This review discusses the emerging generation of techniqu...
Source: AJP: Renal Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Bennett, K. M., Bertram, J. F., Beeman, S. C., Gretz, N. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

Repetition priming effects dissociate between miniature eye movements and induced gamma‐band responses in the human electroencephalogram
Abstract The role of induced gamma‐band responses (iGBRs) in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is a controversial topic. On the one hand, iGBRs have been associated with neuronal activity reflecting the (re‐)activation of cortical object representations. On the other hand, it was shown that miniature saccades (MSs) lead to high‐frequency artifacts in the EEG that can mimic cortical iGBRs. We recorded EEG and eye movements simultaneously while participants were engaged in a combined repetition priming and object recognition experiment. MS rates were mainly modulated by object familiarity in a time window from 100 t...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - May 15, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Uwe Hassler, Uwe Friese, Ulla Martens, Nelson Trujillo‐Barreto, Thomas Gruber Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Predictors of neoplastic disease in children with isolated pituitary stalk thickening
ConclusionPatients with PST without DI are unlikely to have a neoplastic process. Among patients with DI, APD or progressive stalk increase over time are predictive of neoplasia. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - May 14, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nathan J. Robison, Sanjay P. Prabhu, Pengling Sun, Susan N. Chi, Mark W. Kieran, Peter E. Manley, Laurie E. Cohen, Liliana Goumnerova, Edward R. Smith, R. Michael Scott, Wendy B. London, Nicole J. Ullrich Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Further Studies Should Evaluate Cardiac Output Measurement by the Nexfin Device
We read the article “Is Arterial Pulse Contour Analysis (PCA) Using Nexfin a New Option in the Noninvasive Measurement of Cardiac Output? —A Pilot Study” by Trinkmann et al with great interest. They aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of noninvasive cardiac output (CO) measurements using the new digital photoplethysmographic device (Nexfin, BMEYE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). They reported that the noninvasive PCA allows the safe and economic measurement of CO, yet it still has major limitations. Although the agreement with CMR was acceptable, there was ...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - May 14, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Sevket Balta, Mehmet Aydogan, Ugur Kucuk, Sait Demırkol, Murat Unlu, Zekeriya Arslan Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

In Children With ADHD Methylphenidate 'Normalizes' Activation In Key Brain Areas
The stimulant drug methylphenidate "normalizes" activation of several brain areas in young patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), according to a review published in the May Harvard Review of Psychiatry. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part of Wolters Kluwer Health. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) show increased activation of key brain areas after a dose of methylphenidate in young patients with ADHD, according to the systematic review by Constance A... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 14, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: ADHD Source Type: news

Facile Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@polyphosphazene@Au Shells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
ACS Applied Materials & InterfacesDOI: 10.1021/am400843d (Source: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces)
Source: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces - May 14, 2013 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ying Hu, Lingjie Meng, Lvye Niu and Qinghua Lu Source Type: research

Pre- and post-operative assessment of valvular and aortic flow using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging
(Source: European Heart Journal)
Source: European Heart Journal - May 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manka, R., Busch, J., Crelier, G., Luscher, T. F., Kozerke, S. Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR FLASHLIGHTS Source Type: research

Functional MRI of cerebellar activity during eyeblink classical conditioning in children and adults
This study characterized human cerebellar activity during eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC) in children and adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During fMRI, participants were administered delay conditioning trials, in which the conditioned stimulus (a tone) precedes, overlaps, and coterminates with the unconditioned stimulus (a corneal airpuff). Behavioral eyeblink responses and brain activation were measured concurrently during two phases: pseudoconditioning, involving presentations of tone alone and airpuff alone, and conditioning, during which the tone and airpuff were paired. Although all par...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - May 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Dominic T. Cheng, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Mark E. Stanton, John E. Desmond, Mariska Pienaar, Neil C. Dodge, John M. Power, Christopher D. Molteno, John F. Disterhoft, Joseph L. Jacobson, Sandra W. Jacobson Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Surprisingly correct: Unexpectedness of observed actions activates the medial prefrontal cortex
This article reports two studies investigating whether activity in BA 8/RCZ is due to the unexpectedness of observed errors or the incorrectness of the specific observed action. Both studies employed an action observation paradigm reliant on the observation of an actor tying sailing knots. The reported behavioral experiment delivered evidence that the paradigm successfully induced the expectation of incorrect actions as well as the expectation of correct actions. The functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that unexpectedly correct as well as unexpectedly incorrect actions activate the BA 8/RCZ. The same resul...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - May 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Anne‐Marike Schiffer, Kim H. Krause, Ricarda I. Schubotz Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Assessing the function of the fronto‐parietal attention network: Insights from resting‐state fMRI and the attentional network test
In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that functional connectivity within the fronto‐parietal network at rest directly relates to attention. We applied graph theory to functional connectivity data from multiple regions of interest and tested for associations with behavioral measures of attention as provided by the attentional network test (ANT), which we acquired in a separate session outside the MRI environment. We found robust statistical associations with centrality measures of global and local connectivity of nodes within the network with the alerting and executive control...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - May 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Markett, Martin Reuter, Christian Montag, Gesine Voigt, Bernd Lachmann, Sarah Rudorf, Christian E. Elger, Bernd Weber Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Measurement of Tissue Interstitial Volume in Healthy Patients and Those with Amyloidosis with Equilibrium Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging [Technical Developments]
Equilibrium-phase MR imaging can be used to define extracellular volume fraction (ECV) within healthy tissues, and ECV is increased in amyloidosis compared with healthy tissues, which shows rising tissue amyloid burden. (Source: Continuous Publishing articles)
Source: Continuous Publishing articles - May 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Bandula, S., Banypersad, S. M., Sado, D., Flett, A. S., Punwani, S., Taylor, S. A., Hawkins, P. N., Moon, J. C. Tags: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technical Developments Source Type: research

Abdominal and Pelvic Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms: Imaging Review with Clinical, Radiologic, and Treatment Correlation [Gastrointestinal Imaging]
Abnormally enlarged visceral arteries in the abdomen and pelvis must be recognized radiologically because early treatment can improve the quality of life and prevent life-threatening complications. These lesions, typically classified as aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, are being detected more frequently with increased utilization of imaging and have various causes (eg, atherosclerosis, trauma, infection) and complications that may be identified radiologically. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging often enable detection of visceral vascular lesions, but angiography is important for further diag...
Source: Radiographics recent issues - May 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Jesinger, R. A., Thoreson, A. A., Lamba, R. Tags: Interventional Radiology, Vascular Imaging, Gastrointestinal Radiology, Genitourinary Radiology Gastrointestinal Imaging Source Type: research

Demystifying Radial Imaging of the Hip [Musculoskeletal Imaging]
The hip joint poses unique challenges at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging because of its shape and anatomic position. When conventional imaging planes are used, partial-volume averaging effects may substantially hamper the depiction of cartilage and labral damage at MR imaging. Such effects are most prevalent when the imaging plane is not perpendicular to the curvature of the joint and result in images that poorly depict or fail to depict cartilage and labral conditions. Partial-volume averaging, along with the inherently thin and closely apposed articular cartilage, may be partly to blame for the seemingly disparate report...
Source: Radiographics recent issues - May 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Petchprapa, C. N., Dunham, K. S., Lattanzi, R., Recht, M. P. Tags: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Musculoskeletal Radiology Musculoskeletal Imaging Source Type: research

Application of Basic Principles of Physics to Head and Neck MR Angiography: Troubleshooting for Artifacts [Neurologic/Head and Neck Imaging]
Neurovascular imaging studies are routinely used for the assessment of headaches and changes in mental status, stroke workup, and evaluation of the arteriovenous structures of the head and neck. These imaging studies are being performed with greater frequency as the aging population continues to increase. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic imaging techniques are helpful in this setting. However, mastering these techniques requires an in-depth understanding of the basic principles of physics, complex flow patterns, and the correlation of MR angiographic findings with conventional MR imaging findings. More than one imaging...
Source: Radiographics recent issues - May 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Pandey, S., Hakky, M., Kwak, E., Jara, H., Geyer, C. A., Erbay, S. H. Tags: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroradiology, Physics and Basic Science, Head and Neck Neurologic/Head and Neck Imaging Source Type: research

Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Technique, Indications, and Imaging Findings [Gastrointestinal Imaging]
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with bowel cancer and inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It functions on the basis of the microscopic motion of water molecules in a cellular environment and provides functional information about the water in body tissues. Diffusion-weighted imaging serves to complement conventional MR imaging, and its use may improve the accuracy of tumor detection and staging. It does not rely on the use of intravenous contrast material and may be performed in patients with renal impairment. Becaus...
Source: Radiographics recent issues - May 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Sinha, R., Rajiah, P., Ramachandran, I., Sanders, S., Murphy, P. D. Tags: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Gastrointestinal Radiology Gastrointestinal Imaging Source Type: research