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Stavudine- and nevirapine-related drug toxicity while on generic fixed-dose antiretroviral treatment: incidence, timing and risk factors in a three-year cohort in Kigali, Rwanda.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Stavudine- and nevirapine-related drug toxicity while on generic fixed-dose antiretroviral treatment: incidence, timing and risk factors in a three-year cohort in Kigali, Rwanda.Authors: van Griensven, J; Zachariah, R; Rasschaert, F; Mugabo, J; Atté, EF; Reid, TAbstract: This cohort study was conducted to report on the incidence, timing and risk factors for stavudine (d4T)- and nevirapine (NVP)-related severe drug toxicity (requiring substitution) with a generic fixed-dose combination under program conditions in Kigali, Rwanda. Probability of 'time to first toxicity-related drug substitution' was estimated using th...
Source: MSF Field Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

How health systems in sub-Saharan Africa can benefit from tuberculosis and other infectious disease programmes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article is divided into four main sections. The first highlights the crucial elements that are needed in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to deliver good quality health care through general health systems. The second discusses the main characteristics of infectious disease and TB control programmes. The third illustrates how TB control and other infectious disease programmes can help to strengthen these components, particularly in human resources; infrastructure; procurement and distribution; monitoring, evaluation and supervision; leadership and stewardship. The fourth and final section looks at progress ma...
Source: MSF Field Research - November 2, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Ten Years of Experience Training Non-Physician Anesthesia Providers in Haiti.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the challenges, outcomes, and future directions of this training program. From 1998 to 2008, 24 students graduated. Nineteen (79%) continue to work as NAs in Haiti and 5 (21%) have emigrated. In 2008, NAs were critical in providing anesthesia during a post-hurricane emergency where they performed 330 procedures. Mortality was 0.3% and not associated with lack of anesthesiologist supervision. The completion rate of this training program was high and the majority of graduates continue to work as nurse anesthetists in Haiti. Successful training requires a setting with a sufficient volume and diversity o...
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Surgeons Without Borders: A Brief History of Surgery at Médecins Sans Frontières.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Surgeons Without Borders: A Brief History of Surgery at Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Chu, K; Rosseel, P; Trelles, M; Gielis, PAbstract: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a humanitarian organization that performs emergency and elective surgical services in both conflict and non-conflict settings in over 70 countries. In 2006 MSF surgeons departed on approximately 125 missions, and over 64,000 surgical interventions were carried out in some 20 countries worldwide. Historically, the majority of MSF surgical projects began in response to conflicts or natural disasters. During an emergency response, MSF has reso...
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Treating 4,000 diabetic patients in Cambodia, a high-prevalence but resource-limited setting: a 5-year study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Treating 4,000 diabetic patients in Cambodia, a high-prevalence but resource-limited setting: a 5-year study.Authors: Raguenaud, Marie-Eve; Isaakidis, Petros; Reid, Tony; Chy, Say; Keuky, Lim; Arellano, Gemma; Van Damme, WimAbstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the worldwide increasing burden of diabetes, there has been no corresponding scale-up of treatment in developing countries and limited evidence of program effectiveness. In 2002, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Cambodia, Médecins Sans Frontières initiated an outpatient program of subsidized diabetic care in two hospital-based chronic disease clinics...
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Excellent outcomes among HIV+ children on ART, but unacceptably high pre-ART mortality and losses to follow-up: a cohort study from Cambodia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to measure mortality that occurs both pre-ART and during ART among HIV-positive children enrolled in two HIV-programs in Cambodia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study on 1168 HIV-positive children (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Authors: Sanchez-Padilla, Elisabeth; Grais, Rebecca F; Guerin, Philippe J; Steele, Andrew D; Burny, Marie-Eve; Luquero, Francisco JAbstract: Two new rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in many countries. However, their efficacy has only been shown against certain serotypes commonly circulating in Europe, North America, and Latin America, but thought to be globally important. To assess the potential impact of these vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa, where rotavirus mortality is high, k...
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Schouten, Erik J; Ben-Smith, Anne; Zachariah, Rony; Phiri, Sam; Sangala, Wesley O O; Jahn, Andreas (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland EthiopiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland EthiopiaAuthors: Herrero, Mercè; Orfanos, Giannos; Argaw, Daniel; Mulugeta, Abate; Aparicio, Pilar; Parreño, Fernando; Bernal, Oscar; Rubens, Daniel; Pedraza, Jaime; Lima, Maria Angeles; Flevaud, Laurence; Palma, Pedro Pablo; Bashaye, Seife; Alvar, Jorge; Bern, CarynAbstract: In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemken, Ethiopia, a highland region where only few cases had been reported before. We analyzed records of VL patients treated from May 25, 2005 to December 13, 2007 by the only VL treatment center...
Source: MSF Field Research - October 5, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Resistance profiles after different periods of exposure to a first-line antiretroviral regimen in a Cameroonian cohort of HIV type-1-infected patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Without VL monitoring, the risk of drug resistance increases with the duration of ART and is associated with lower CD4+ T-cell counts at ART initiation. These data might help define strategies to preserve second-line treatment options in resource-limited settings. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - September 21, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Research Ethics and International Epidemic Response: The Case of Ebola and Marburg Hemmorrhagic FeversEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Research Ethics and International Epidemic Response: The Case of Ebola and Marburg Hemmorrhagic FeversAuthors: Calain, P; Fiore, N; Poncin, M; Hurst, SAbstract: Outbreaks of filovirus (Ebola and Marburg) hemorrhagic fevers in Africa are typically the theater of rescue activities involving international experts and agencies tasked with reinforcing national authorities in clinical management, biological diagnosis, sanitation, public health surveillance and coordination. These outbreaks can be seen to be as a paradigm for ethical issues posed by by epidemic emergencies, through the convergence of such themes as: isolat...
Source: MSF Field Research - August 15, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

2009 Epicentre Scientific Day AbstractsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: 2009 Epicentre Scientific Day Abstracts (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - August 14, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Prevalence study of yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo using the lot quality assurance sampling method.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Prevalence study of yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo using the lot quality assurance sampling method.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Kiwila, Gédeon; Dhorda, Mehul; Lonlas, Sylvaine; Myatt, Mark; Ilunga, Benoît Kebela; Lemasson, Denis; Szumilin, Elisabeth; Guerin, Philippe J; Ferradini, LaurentAbstract: BACKGROUND: Until the 1970s the prevalence of non-venereal trepanomatosis, including yaws, was greatly reduced after worldwide mass treatment. In 2005, cases were again reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We carried out a survey to estimate the village-level prevalence of yaws in the region of Equato...
Source: MSF Field Research - August 14, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Expanding HIV care in Africa: making men matter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Expanding HIV care in Africa: making men matter.Authors: Mills, Edward J; Ford, Nathan; Mugyenyi, Peter (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - August 14, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Focusing on quality patient care in the new global subsidy for malaria medicines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Focusing on quality patient care in the new global subsidy for malaria medicines.Authors: Moon, Suerie; Pérez Casas, Carmen; Kindermans, Jean-Marie; de Smet, Martin; von Schoen-Angerer, TidoAbstract: Tido von Schoen-Angerer and colleagues discuss the new Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria (AMFm), which subsidizes and facilitates access to artemisinin-based combination therapy, and what mechanisms are needed to ensure it stays focused on quality patient care. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - August 1, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

2008 Epicentre scientific day abstractEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: 2008 Epicentre scientific day abstract (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 31, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings.Authors: Ford, N; Mills, EJ; Zachariah, R; Upshur, RAbstract: ABSTRACT: Humanitarian agencies are increasingly engaged in research in conflict and post-conflict settings. This is justified by the need to improve the quality of assistance provided in these settings and to collect evidence of the highest standard to inform advocacy and policy change. The instability of conflict-affected areas, and the heightened vulnerability of populations caught in conflict, calls for careful consideration of the research methods employed, the levels of evidence sought, and ethical ...
Source: MSF Field Research - July 30, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Schopper, Doris; Upshur, Ross; Matthys, Francine; Singh, Jerome Amir; Bandewar, Sunita Sheel; Ahmad, Aasim; van Dongen, Els (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 30, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Implementation of the thin layer agar for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting in Homa Bay, Kenya.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost method, the Thin Layer Agar (TLA), for the diagnosis of smear-negative patients. This prospective study was performed in Homa Bay district Hospital in Kenya. Out of 1584 smear-negative sputum samples, 212 were positive by Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) (13.5%) and 220 positive by TLA (14%). The sensitivity of LJ and TLA was 71% and 74 % respectively. TLA could become an affordable method for the diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in resource-limited settings with results available within 2 weeks. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 24, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia with cryptococcal meningitis: first case report from Cambodia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on a patient with cryptococcal meningitis with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and no evidence of HIV infection. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 24, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

An integrated approach of community health worker support for HIV/AIDS and TB care in Mozambique.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The community health team has several advantages over 'disease-specific' community health worker approaches in terms of accountability, acceptability, and expanded access to care. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 24, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Zachariah, R; Ford, N; Philips, M; Lynch, S; Massaquoi, M; Janssens, V; Harries, A DAbstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a crisis in human health resources due to a critical shortage of health workers. The shortage is compounded by a high burden of infectious diseases; emigration of trained professionals; difficult working conditions and low motivation. In particular, the burden of HIV/AIDS has led to the concept of task shifting being increasingly promoted as a way of rapidly expanding human resource capacity...
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

MSF Belgium in Cambodia 1989 - 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: MSF Belgium in Cambodia 1989 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Belgium (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Treating Patients with Diabetes: a Pilot Program in Cambodia 2002 - 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Treating Patients with Diabetes: a Pilot Program in Cambodia 2002 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Risk factors for virological failure and subtherapeutic antiretroviral drug concentrations in HIV-positive adults treated in rural northwestern UgandaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve both access to care and patient management to achieve better immunological and virological outcomes on ART are necessary to maximize the duration of first-line therapy. (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: systematic review and meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: systematic review and meta-analysisAuthors: Brinkhof, Martin W G; Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar; Egger, MatthiasAbstract: BACKGROUND: The retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes is an important issue in resource-limited settings. Loss to follow up can be substantial, but it is unclear what the outcomes are in patients who are lost to programmes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Indian Medlars Centre (IndMe...
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

MSF UK Scientific Day 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: MSF UK Scientific Day 2009Authors: MSF UKDescription: Click on "Additional Links" to link to abstracts from Scientific Day 2009 (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Prevalence of buruli ulcer in Akonolinga health district, Cameroon: Results of a cross sectional surveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this survey were to estimate the prevalence of BU in the health district of Akonolinga, describe the geographic extension of the highly endemic area within the health district, and determine the programme coverage and its geographical distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional population survey using centric systematic area sampling (CSAS). A 15x15 km grid (quadrats of 225 km(2)) was overlaid on a map of Akonolinga district with its position chosen to maximize the area covered by the survey. Quadrats were selected if more than 50% of the quadrat was inside of the health d...
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Antiretroviral therapy for adults and children: Scaling up care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in rural Cambodia, 2002-2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Antiretroviral therapy for adults and children: Scaling up care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in rural Cambodia, 2002-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Care and Treatment for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A pilot project in Takeo province, Cambodia 2007-2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title: Care and Treatment for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A pilot project in Takeo province, Cambodia 2007-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals

Nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy for second-stage African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis: a multicentre, randomised, phase III, non-inferiority trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00146627.FindingsOne patient from the eflornithine group absconded after receiving the first dose, without any type of assessment done, and was excluded from all analyses. In the ITT population, 131 (91·6%) of 143 patients assigned to eflornithine and 138 (96·5%) of 143 patients assigned to NECT were cured at 18 months (difference −4·9%, one-sided 95% CI −0·3; p (Source: MSF Field Research)
Source: MSF Field Research - July 17, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: search Source Type: journals