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Design and Performance of a Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Oligo-microarray Based on ESTs from Immune Tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An expressed sequence tag database from immune tissues was used to design the first high-density turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) oligo-microarray with the aim of identifying candidate genes for tolerance to pathogens. Specific oligonucleotides (60 mers) were successfully designed for 2,716 out of 3,482 unique sequences of the database. An Agilent custom oligo-microarray 8 x 15 k (five replicates/gene; eight microarrays/slide) was constructed. The performance of the microarray and the sources of variation along microarray analysis were examined on spleen pools of controls and Aeromonas salmonicida-challenged fish at 3 day...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 20, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Millán A, Gómez-Tato A, Fernández C, Pardo BG, Alvarez-Dios JA, Calaza M, Bouza C, Vázquez M, Cabaleiro S, Martínez P Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Antibacterial Activity of Marine Culturable Bacteria Collected from a Global Sampling of Ocean Surface Waters and Surface Swabs of Marine Organisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the present study was to isolate marine culturable bacteria with antibacterial activity and hence a potential biotechnological use. Seawater samples (244) and 309 swab samples from biotic or abiotic surfaces were collected on a global Danish marine research expedition (Galathea 3). Total cell counts at the seawater surface were 5 x 10(5) to 10(6) cells/ml, of which 0.1-0.2% were culturable on dilute marine agar (20 degrees C). Three percent of the colonies cultured from seawater inhibited Vibrio anguillarum, whereas a significantly higher proportion (13%) of colonies from inert or biotic surfaces was inh...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Gram L, Melchiorsen J, Bruhn JB Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Isolation and Characterisation of a High-Efficiency Desaturase and Elongases from Microalgae for Transgenic LC-PUFA Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the isolation of a front-end Delta6-desaturase gene from the microalgae Ostreococcus lucimarinus and two elongase genes, a Delta6-elongase and a Delta5-elongase, from the microalga Pyramimonas cordata. These enzymes efficiently convert their respective substrates when transformed in yeast (39-75% conversion for omega3 substrate fatty acids), and the Delta5-elongase in particular displays higher elongation efficiency (75% for conversion of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3) to docosapentaenoic acid (22:5omega3)) than previously reported genes. In addition, the Delta6-desaturase is homologous with acyl-CoA desatura...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Petrie JR, Liu Q, Mackenzie AM, Shrestha P, Mansour MP, Robert SS, Frampton DF, Blackburn SI, Nichols PD, Singh SP Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

A MicroRNA Repertoire for Functional Genome Research in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. miRNAs are most often identified through computational prediction from genome sequences. The rainbow trout genome sequence is not available yet, which does not allow miRNA prediction for this species which is of great economic interest for aquaculture and sport fisheries, and is a model research organism for studies related to carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. To identify miRNAs from rainbow trout, we cons...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 8, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Salem M, Xiao C, Womack J, Rexroad CE, Yao J Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Microarray-Based Identification of Gonad Transcripts Differentially Expressed Between Lines of Pacific Oyster Selected to Be Resistant or Susceptible to Summer Mortality.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summer mortality of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is the result of a complex interaction between oysters, their environment, and pathogens. Heredity appears to be a major factor determining the sensitivity of oysters to summer mortality, allowing resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines to be produced. We conducted genome-wide expression profiling of R and S gonads during the 3-month period preceding a summer mortality event, using a cDNA microarray that we designed. ANOVA analysis revealed that 34 genes were differentially expressed between R and S lines on four dates preceding the mortality event. Annotation of...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Fleury E, Moal J, Boulo V, Daniel JY, Mazurais D, Hénaut A, Corporeau C, Boudry P, Favrel P, Huvet A Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Silicatein Genes in Spicule-Forming and Nonspicule-forming Pacific Demosponges.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Silicatein genes are known to be involved in siliceous spicule formation in marine sponges. Proteins encoded by these genes, silicateins, were recently proposed for nanobiotechnological applications. We studied silicatein genes of marine sponges Latrunculia oparinae collected in the west Pacific region, shelf of Kuril Islands. Five silicatein genes, LoSilA1, LoSilA1a, LoSilA2, and LoSilA3 (silicatein-alpha group), LoSilB (silicatein-beta group), and one cathepsin gene, LoCath, were isolated from the sponge L. oparinae for the first time. The deduced amino acid sequence of L. oparinae silicateins showed high-sequence id...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - October 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kozhemyako VB, Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Kovalchuk SN, Krasokhin VB, Rasskazov VA, Zhuravlev YN, Bulgakov VP, Kulchin YN Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Isolation and Characterization of a GDSL Esterase from the Metagenome of a Marine Sponge-associated Bacteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using a metagenome library constructed from a bacterial associated with a marine sponge Hyrtios erecta, we identified a novel esterase that belongs to the SGNH hydrolase superfamily of esterases. The substrate specificity of EstHE1 was determined using p-nitrophenyl (pNP) ester (C2: acetate, C4: butylate, C6: caproate, C12: laurate, C16: palmitate). EstHE1 exhibited activity against C2 (5.6 U/mg), C4 (5.1 U/mg), and C6 (2.8 U/mg) substrates. The optimal temperature for EstHE1 esterase activity of the pNP acetate substrate was 40 degrees C, and EstHE1 retained 60% of its enzymatic activity in the 30-50 degrees C range. ...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - September 30, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Okamura Y, Kimura T, Yokouchi H, Meneses-Osorio M, Katoh M, Matsunaga T, Takeyama H Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Growth Efficiency and Carbon Balance for the Sponge Haliclona oculata.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To obtain more knowledge about carbon requirements for growth by sponges, the growth rate, respiration rate, and clearance rate was measured in situ in Haliclona oculata. We found that only 34% of the particulate carbon pumped through the sponge was used for both respiration and growth. The net growth efficiency, being the ratio of carbon incorporated in biomass and the total carbon used by the sponge for respiration and growth, was found to be 0.099 +/- 0.013. Thus, about 10% of the total used carbon was fixed in biomass, and over 90% was used for generating energy for growth, maintenance, reproduction, and pumping. H...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - September 30, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Koopmans M, Martens D, Wijffels RH Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

QTL Mapping for Frond Length and Width in Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminarales, Phaeophyta) Using AFLP and SSR Markers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Laminaria japonica Aresch breeding practice, two quantitative traits, frond length (FL) and frond width (FW), are the most important phenotypic selection index. In order to increase the breeding efficiency by integrating phenotypic selection and marker-assisted selection, the first set of QTL controlling the two traits were determined in F(2) family using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two prominent L. japonicas inbred lines, one with "broad and thin blade" characteristics and another with "long and narrow blade" characteristics, were applied in the hybridizat...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - September 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu F, Shao Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Wang X, Duan D Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Production of Viable Homozygous, Doubled Haploid Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Production of doubled haploids via mitotic gynogenesis is a useful tool for the creation of completely inbred fish. In order to produce viable doubled haploid channel catfish, we utilized hydrostatic pressure or thermal treatments on eggs fertilized with sperm that had been exposed to ultraviolet light. At 1.5 h post-fertilization, the embryos were exposed to either 590 kg/cm(2) hydrostatic pressure for 3 min, 37 degrees C for 5 min, or 41 degrees C for 3 min. In the pressure-treated group, only 21 offspring hatched from five spawns with family sizes of one, two, two, four, and 12 offspring each. Eight embryos from the...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - August 26, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Waldbieser GC, Bosworth BG, Quiniou SM Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Characterization and Biological Activity of the Ribosomal Protein L10a of the White Shrimp: Fenneropenaeus merguiensis De Man During Vitellogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The molecular events in the ovaries of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis De Man during vitellogenesis were investigated. The ribosomal protein L10a (RPL10a) was characterized and cloned. It consisted of 669 bp and the deduced polypeptide had 217 amino acids (GeneBank/EBI accession number FJ623402). The calculated molecular mass and pI were 25.7 kDa and 10.06, respectively. An immunohistochemical technique showed that RPL10a was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of developing oocytes and follicle cells. Treatment of undeveloped ovarian explant cultures with recombinant histidine (His)-RPL10a stimulated the expression of tra...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - August 20, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wonglapsuwan M, Miyazaki T, Loongyai W, Chotigeat W Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Chitooligosaccharides Protect Human Embryonic Hepatocytes Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) has many biological activities, such as antitumor activity and hepatoprotective effect. Herein, we investigated the protective effect of COS against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress on human embryonic hepatocytes (L02 cells) and its scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical in vitro. The results showed that the lost cell viability induced by H(2)O(2) was markedly restored after 24 h pre-incubation with COS (0.1-0.4 mg/ml). This rescue effect could be related to the antioxidant property of COS, in which we showed that the radical scavenging act...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - August 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xu Q, Ma P, Yu W, Tan C, Liu H, Xiong C, Qiao Y, Du Y Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Isolation of High Molecular Weight DNA from Marine Sponge Bacteria for BAC Library Construction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Metagenomics is a powerful tool for mining the genetic repositories from environmental microorganisms. Bacteria associated with marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are rich sources of biologically active natural products. However, to date, few compounds are discovered from the sponge metagenomic libraries, and the main reason might be the difficulties in recovery of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA from sponge symbionts to construct large insert libraries. Here, we describe a method to recover HMW bacterial DNA from diverse sponges with high quality for bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library construction. Microorgan...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - August 14, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ouyang Y, Dai S, Xie L, Ravi Kumar MS, Sun W, Sun H, Tang D, Li X Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2'',4'',6-trihydroxyphenoxy)-2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we isolated the phloroglucinol derivative, 1-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2'',4'',6-trihydroxyphenoxy)-2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin (1), from Ecklonia cava and evaluated its potential inhibition on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid accumulation along with the expression of several genes associated with adipogenesis and lipolysis was examined at the end of differentiation. Lipid accumulation level was examined by measuring triglyceride content and Oil-Red O staining. The expression levels of several genes and proteins were examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - August 12, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kong CS, Kim JA, Ahn BN, Vo TS, Yoon NY, Kim SK Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Molecular Characterization and Therapeutic Potential of a Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701 alpha-Galactosidase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An alpha-galactosidase capable of converting B red blood cells into the universal blood type cells at the neutral pH was produced by a novel obligate marine bacterium strain KMM 701 (VKM B-2135 D). The organism is heterotrophic, aerobic, and halophilic and requires Na(+) ions and temperature up to 34 degrees C for its growth. The strain has a unique combination of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Its single intracellular alpha-galactosidase exceeded other glycoside hydrolases in the level of expression up to 20-fold. The alpha-galactosidase was purified to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences and new activiti...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 22, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Balabanova LA, Bakunina IY, Nedashkovskaya OI, Makarenkova ID, Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN, Zvyagintseva TN, Rasskazov VA Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Effect of Early Introduction of Microencapsulated Diet to Larval Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Assessed by Microarray Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An experimental microdiet prepared using an internal gelation method was used to partially replace the traditional live feed (Artemia) for larval Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Three trials were conducted with microdiet introduced at 20, 32, and 43 days post first feeding and larvae were sampled at approximately 2, 13, 23, and 33 days after microdiet introduction in each trial. The success of feeding was assessed by morphometrics and histological analysis of gut contents. Microdiet particles were readily consumed after a period of adaptation and provided an adequate source of nutrients with no significa...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Murray HM, Lall SP, Rajaselvam R, Boutilier LA, Flight RM, Blanchard B, Colombo S, Mohindra V, Yúfera M, Douglas SE Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Proteomic Profiling of Liver from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Genetically Modified Soy Compared to the Near-Isogenic non-GM Line.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in liver protein expression of Atlantic salmon fed genetically modified (GM) Roundup Ready(R) soy at a high inclusion level (25% inclusion, constituting 21% of crude protein in the diet) for 7 months or a compositionally similar non-GM diet. The liver was selected as the target organ due to its importance in the general metabolism, and 2D gel electrophoresis used as a screening tool. Samples from 12 individual fish from each diet group were evaluated. Of a total of 781 analysed protein spots, only 36 were significantly different by ANOVA (p < 0.05) in ab...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 16, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Sissener NH, Martin SA, Cash P, Hevrøy EM, Sanden M, Hemre GI Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

An Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Intertidal Brown Seaweeds Fucus serratus (L.) and F. vesiculosus (L.) (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae) in Response to Abiotic Stressors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to aid gene discovery and uncover genes responding to abiotic stressors in stress-tolerant brown algae of the genus Fucus, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were studied in two species, Fucus serratus and Fucus vesiculosus. Clustering of over 12,000 ESTs from three libraries for heat shock/recovery and desiccation/rehydration resulted in identification of 2,503, 1,290, and 2,409 unigenes from heat-shocked F. serratus, desiccated F. serratus, and desiccated F. vesiculosus, respectively. Low overall annotation rates (18-31%) were strongly associated with the presence of long 3' untranslated regions in Fucus transcr...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 16, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Pearson GA, Hoarau G, Lago-Leston A, Coyer JA, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Henckel K, Serrão ET, Corre E, Olsen JL Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Early Ovary Development in Diploid Gynogenetic Hybrids of Red Crucian Carp x Common Carp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diploid eggs of allotetraploid hybrids (red crucian carp female symbol x common carp male symbol), when activated by UV-irradiated sperm of scatter scale carp, can develop into diploid progenies without chromosome duplication treatment. Diploid progenies produce diploid eggs, which develop into diploid population by the same way. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the production of diploid eggs by the diploid fish, we constructed a forward suppression subtractive hybridization complementary DNA (cDNA) library. The cDNAs from the ovary in proliferation phase were employed as the "tester," and those in grow...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu D, Liu S, You C, Chen L, Liu Z, Liu L, Wang J, Liu Y Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Isolation and Characterization of Taiwanese Heterotrophic Microalgae: Screening of Strains for Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 25 heterotrophic microalgal strains were successfully isolated from marine habitats around Taiwan. All of the isolated strains showed a close phylogenic relationship with the Thraustochytriaceae family according to their 18S rRNA gene sequences. GC/MS analysis discerned seven distinctive fatty acid profiles of these strains, with the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) ranging from 0.02 to 2.61 mg L(-1), and DHA ranging from 0.8 to 18.0 mg L(-1). An Aurantiochytrium strain BL10 with high DHA production was subsequently chosen for further manipulation. Under optimal growth conditions it could produ...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yang HL, Lu CK, Chen SF, Chen YM, Chen YM Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Siphonodictyal B1 from a Marine Sponge Increases Intracellular Calcium Levels Comparable to the Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) Inhibitor Thapsigargin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Siphonodictyal B1 is a sesquiterpene-hydroquinone isolated from the Caribbean coral reef bioeroding sponge Siphonodictyon coralliphagum. Siphonodictyal B1 increased intracellular calcium levels in neuroendocrine cells (PC12) in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium using Fura-2 as a calcium-sensitive dye. The calcium rise was comparable in amplitude and timing to the application of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin from the terrestrial plant Thapsia garganica. The effects of thapsigargin and siphonodictyal B1 on intracellular calcium levels were not distinguishabl...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bickmeyer U, Grube A, Klings KW, Pawlik JR, Köck M Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

The Effects of Immunostimulation Through Dietary Manipulation in the Rainbow Trout; Evaluation of Mucosal Immunity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Immunostimulant-containing diets are commonly used in aquaculture to enhance the resistance of cultured fish to disease and stress. Although widespread in use, there have been conflicting results published, and surprisingly little is known about the regulation of immune response-related genes in tissues key to mucosal immunity induced by immunostimulant dietary feeding. Using a salmonid-specific microarray platform enriched with immune-related genes and in situ hybridization, we investigated dietary acclimation in two organs relevant to mucosal immunity, the gills and the intestine, in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus m...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Doñate C, Balasch JC, Callol A, Bobe J, Tort L, Mackenzie S Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Evidence for the Formation of the Male Gynogenetic Fish.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The females and unexpected males of gynogenetic red crucian carps (GRCC) with the 1:1 sex ratio were found in the progeny of the distant crossing of red crucian carp (RCC; female symbol, 2n = 100) x blunt snout bream (BSB; male symbol, 2n = 48). The females and males of GRCC were fertile, and they mated each other to generate the red crucian carps (GRCC(1)) and another variational gray crucian carps (GGCC). The GRCC and their offspring were proved to be diploids (2n = 100) with one to three microchromosomes by examining the chromosomal metaphases. The evidences for the male's genetic effect in GRCC were provided by mea...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 14, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu S, Qin Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao R, Zhang C, Wang J, Li W, Chen L, Xiao J, Luo K, Tao M, Duan W, Liu Y Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Visualization of Nuclear Localization of Transcription Factors with Cyan and Green Fluorescent Proteins in the Red Alga Porphyra yezoensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of our study is to analyze the function of transcription factors in red algae. One way to analyze transcription factors in eukaryotic cells is to study their nuclear localization, as reported for land plants and green algae using fluorescent proteins. There is, however, no report documenting subcellular localization of transcription factors from red algae. In the present study, using the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis, we confirmed for the first time successful expression of humanized fluorescent proteins (ZsGFP and ZsYFP) from a reef coral Zoanthus sp. and land plant-adapted sGFP(S65T) in gametophytic ce...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Uji T, Takahashi M, Saga N, Mikami K Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Calcineurin Plays an Important Role in the Shell Formation of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Calcineurin (CN) is a multifunctional protein involved in many important physiological processes in mammalians, but the function of CN in mollusks is still largely unknown. In the present study, through the shell regeneration system, the changes of enzymatic activity of CN were determined in the process of shell regeneration in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. CN was activated immediately and continuously in the shell regeneration process. The speed of shell regeneration was measured and the ultrastructure of inner shell surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after inhibiting CN by intramuscular injection of...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Li C, Hu Y, Liang J, Kong Y, Huang J, Feng Q, Li S, Zhang G, Xie L, Zhang R Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Delayed and Restricted Expression of UAS-Regulated GFP Gene in Early Transgenic Zebrafish Embryos by Using the GAL4/UAS System.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A stable Tg(UAS:GFP) zebrafish line was generated and crossed with Tg(hsp70:GAL4) line, in which the GAL4 gene is under the control of an inducible zebrafish promoter derived from the heat shock 70 protein gene (hsp70). The dynamic green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in early zebrafish embryos in the GAL4/UAS binary system was then investigated. We found that, at early developmental stages, expression of GFP effector gene was restricted and required a long recovery time to reach a detectable level. At later developmental stage (after 2 days postfertilization), GFP could be activated in multiple tissues in a shor...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhan H, Gong Z Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Identification of Immune Genes of the Agamaki Clam (Sinonovacula constricta) by Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis of ESTs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a normalized liver complementary DNA library and to identify genes that function in immune defense. A total of 5,296 ESTs were sequenced, from which 540 contigs and 3,473 singletons were identified. BLAST homology analysis indicated that only 20.7% of these ESTs were homologues of known genes while the remaining 79.3% appeared to be novel sequences. Based on sequence similarities, 43 putative immune genes were identified that encode proteases and protease inhibitors, adhesive proteins, stress proteins, lysosomal enzymes, and signal transduction...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Feng B, Dong L, Niu D, Meng S, Zhang B, Liu D, Hu S, Li J Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Genome Size Evaluation in Tetraodontiform Fishes from the Neotropical Region.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, flow cytometry was used for estimate the genome size of four pufferfish species from the Neotropical region. Cytogenetic data and confocal microscopy were also used attempting to confirm relationships between DNA content and cytological parameters. The haploid genome size was 0.71 +/- 0.03 pg for Sphoeroides greeleyi, 0.34 +/- 0.01 pg for Sphoeroides spengleri, 0.82 +/- 0.03 pg for Sphoeroides testudineus (all Tetraodontidae), and 1.00 +/- 0.03 pg for Chilomycterus spinosus (Diodontidae). These differences are not related with ploidy level, because 46 chromosomes are considered basal for both families. The v...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Noleto RB, de Souza Fonseca Guimarães F, Paludo KS, Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Cestari MM Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Identification of a Functional Splice Variant of 14-3-3E1 in Rainbow Trout.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a new isoform of the rainbow trout 14-3-3E1 gene generated by alternative splicing. The new isoform contains an insertion of 48 nucleotides (from intron 5) in the coding region of 14-3-3E1 which results in the introduction of a premature stop codon between exon 5 and exon 6. Thus, the alternatively spliced form of 14-3-3E1 (14-3-3E1C17) lacks 17 amino acid residues at the C terminus encoded by the last exon (exon 6). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the wild-type 14-3-3E1 (14-3-3E1wt) is ubiquitously expressed, while 1...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 9, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wanna W, Rexroad CE, Yao J Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Differential Gene Expression During Smoltification of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): a First Large-Scale Microarray Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study significantly increases our knowledge of smoltification and will benefit future studies in this area of research. PMID: 19585168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology)
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Seear PJ, Carmichael SN, Talbot R, Taggart JB, Bron JE, Sweeney GE Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Farming Sponges to Supply Bioactive Metabolites and Bath Sponges: A Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sponges have been experimentally farmed for over 100 years, with early attempts done in the sea to supply "bath sponges". During the last 20 years, sponges have also been experimentally cultured both in the sea and in tanks on land for their biologically active metabolites, some of which have pharmaceutical potential. Sea-based farming studies have focused on developing good farming structures and identifying the optimal environmental conditions that promote production of bath sponges or bioactive metabolites. The ideal farming structure will vary between species and regions, but will generally involve threading sponge...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Duckworth A Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Library of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most economically important marine aquaculture species in the world. To facilitate gene cloning and characterization, genome analysis, physical mapping, and molecular selection breeding of marine shrimp, we have developed the techniques to isolate high-quality megabase-sized DNA from hemocyte nuclear DNA of female shrimp and constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library for the species. The library was constructed in the Hind III site of the vector pECBAC1, consisting of 101,760 clones arrayed in 265 384-well microtiter plates, with an ...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 7, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhang X, Zhang Y, Scheuring C, Zhang HB, Huan P, Wang B, Liu C, Li F, Liu B, Xiang J Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Distribution and Possible Function of the Marine Alkaloid, Norzoanthamine, in the Zoanthid Zoanthus sp. Using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of the marine alkaloid, norzoanthamine, in the colonial zoanthid Zoanthus sp. was previously unknown. High concentrations of norzoanthamine are present in the epidermal tissue of Zoanthus sp., as determined using protonated molecular ion peak mapping of norzoanthamine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography quantification. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments indicate that norzoanthamine increases the resistance of collagen to damage from UV light, probably not via UV light absorption, but by strengthening colla...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - July 2, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Genji T, Fukuzawa S, Tachibana K Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Boron and marine life: a new look at an enigmatic bioelement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the discovery of boron, we review the oceanic biogeochemistry of boron as well as suitable analytical techniques for its determination. This overview includes aspects of biogeochemistry including geochemical stable isotope variations, uptake, transport, storage, nutritional value, toxicity, and distribution within biological materials, providing a framework for discussion of the role of boron in marine organisms, which remains largely enigmatic. PMID: 19424754 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Marine Biotechnology)
Source: Marine Biotechnology - June 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Carrano CJ, Schellenberg S, Amin SA, Green DH, Küpper FC Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

A Novel beta-Agarase with High pH Stability from Marine Agarivorans sp. LQ48.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel endo-type beta-agarase gene, agaA, was cloned from a newly isolated marine bacterium, Agarivorans sp. LQ48. It encodes a protein of 457 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51.2 kDa. The deduced protein contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues, followed by a catalytic module, which is homologous to that of glycoside hydrolase family 16. A sequence similar to a carbohydrate-binding module is found in the C-terminal region of the enzyme. The overall amino acid sequence shares a highest identity of 73% with the sequence of beta-agarase AgaB from Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 30, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Long M, Yu Z, Xu X Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

The Selectivity of Milking of Dunaliella salina.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The process of the simultaneous production and extraction of carotenoids, milking, of Dunaliella salina was studied. We would like to know the selectivity of this process. Could all the carotenoids produced be extracted? And would it be possible to vary the profile of the produced carotenoids and, consequently, influence the type of carotenoids extracted? By using three different D. salina strains and three different stress conditions, we varied the profiles of the carotenoids produced. Between Dunaliella bardawil and D. salina 19/18, no remarkable differences were seen in the extraction profiles, although D. salina 19...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 28, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kleinegris DM, Janssen M, Brandenburg WA, Wijffels RH Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Characterization and Localization of a Hybrid Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetase and Polyketide Synthase Gene from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, novel PKS sequences were isolated from three clones of K. brevis. Eighteen unique sequences were obtained for the PKS ketosynthase (KS) domain of K. brevis. Phylogenetic comparison with closely related PKS genes revealed that 16 grouped with cyanobacteria sequences, while the remaining two grouped with Apicomplexa and previously reported sequences for K. brevis. A fosmid library was also constructed to further characterize PKS genes detected in K. brevis Wilson clone. Several fosmid clones were positive for the presence of PKS genes, and one was fully sequenced to determine the full structure of the PKS clus...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: López-Legentil S, Song B, Deture M, Baden DG Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Anti-microfouling Activity of Lipidic Metabolites from the Invasive Brown Alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purification of the chloroform extract from the brown invasive macroalga Sargassum muticum, through a series of chromatographic separations, yielded 12 fractions that were tested against strains of bacteria, microalgae, and fungi involved in marine biofilm formation. The chemical composition of four (a, c, g, and k) out of the six fractions that exhibited anti-microfouling activity was investigated. Fraction a contained saturated and unsaturated linear hydrocarbons (C(12)-C(27)). Arachidonic acid was identified as the major metabolite in fraction c whereas fraction g contained mainly palmitic, linolenic, and palmit...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 26, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Plouguerné E, Ioannou E, Georgantea P, Vagias C, Roussis V, Hellio C, Kraffe E, Stiger-Pouvreau V Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Cell Wall Regeneration in Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta) Protoplasts Observed Using a Mannan-Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Module.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we visualized beta-mannan in the regenerating cell walls of B. atropurpurea protoplasts by using a fusion protein of a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). A mannan-binding family 27 CBM (CBM27) of beta-1,4-mannanase (Man5C) from Vibrio sp. strain MA-138 was fused to GFP, and the resultant fusion protein (GFP-CBM27) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Native affinity gel electrophoresis revealed that GFP-CBM27 maintained its binding ability to soluble beta-mannans, while normal GFP could not bind to beta-mannans. Protoplasts were isolated from the fronds of B. atropurpurea by...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 23, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Umemoto Y, Araki T Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Cloning and Characterization of ApRab4, a Recycling Rab Protein of Aiptasia pulchella, and Its Implication in the Symbiosome Biogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The biogenesis of Symbiodinium symbiosome in the host cells of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella, involves retention of ApRab5 on and exclusion of ApRab11 from the organelle. One predicted consequence of this differential Rab association is the constant membrane fusion of symbiosomes with endocytic vesicles in the absence of parallel membrane retrieval and the subsequent formation of spacious symbiosomes, which nevertheless, contradicts the common perception. To solve this discrepancy, we determined whether membrane fusion occurs between symbiosomes and endocytic vesicles, and whether ApRab11-independent recycling is...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hong MC, Huang YS, Song PC, Lin WW, Fang LS, Chen MC Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Construction of a Genetic Map and Development of DNA Markers Linked to the Sex-Determining Locus in the Patagonian Pejerrey (Odontesthes hatcheri).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to develop a genetic linkage map for both sexes and a sex-linked DNA marker for Patagonian pejerrey. The AFLP analysis of 23 male and 23 female progeny via 64 primer combinations produced a total of 153 bands. The genetic linkage map consisted of 79 markers in 20 linkage groups and 48 markers in 15 linkage groups for males and females, respectively. One AFLP marker tightly linked to the sex-determining locus was identified: the marker, ACG/CAA-217, amplified to the male-specific DNA fragment. Sequence analysis of this region revealed a single nuc...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 19, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Koshimizu E, Strüssmann CA, Okamoto N, Fukuda H, Sakamoto T Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Effects of Ca and Mg on Growth and Calcification of the Coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis haptonemofera: Ca Requirement for Cell Division in Coccolith-Bearing Cells and for Normal Coccolith Formation with Acidic Polysaccharides.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) on cellular growth and calcification in Pleurochrysis haptonemofera were investigated. In the presence of a normal concentration of Mg(2+), coccolith-bearing cells (C-cells) required more than 0.5 mM Ca(2+) for growth, while naked cells could grow even with 0.5 mM Ca(2+). The calcification rate of C-cells, which was determined using decalcified cells, was significantly repressed with less than or equal to 0.5 mM Ca(2+). Although the calcification rate did not change so much with 5-30 mM Ca(2+), it decreased with higher concentrations of Ca(2+), as well as C-cell-specific growth repressi...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 16, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Katagiri F, Takatsuka Y, Fujiwara S, Tsuzuki M Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Comparison of the Bacterial Communities of Wild and Captive Sponge Clathria prolifera from the Chesapeake Bay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The red-beard sponge Clathria prolifera, which is widely distributed in the USA, has been widely used as a model system in cell biology and has been proposed as a suitable teaching tool on biology and environmental sciences. We undertook the first detailed microbiological study of this sponge on samples collected from the Chesapeake Bay. A combination of culture-based studies, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and bacterial community characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that C. prolifera contains a diverse assemblage of bacteria that is different from that in the surrounding water. C. prol...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - May 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Isaacs LT, Kan J, Nguyen L, Videau P, Anderson MA, Wright TL, Hill RT Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Myxinidin, A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Epidermal Mucus of Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports the bioassay-guided fractionation and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide, myxinidin, from the acidic epidermal mucus extract of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.). Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed that myxinidin consists of 12 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 1,327.68 Da. Myxinidin showed activity against a broad range of bacteria and yeast pathogens at minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 microg/mL. Screened pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium C610, Escherichia coli D31, Aeromonas salmonicida A449, Yersinia ruckeri 96-4, and Lis...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - March 31, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Subramanian S, Ross NW, Mackinnon SL Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

A Thermostable Metal-Tolerant Laccase with Bioremediation Potential from a Marine-Derived Fungus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Laccase, an oxidoreductive enzyme, is important in bioremediation. Although marine fungi are potential sources of enzymes for industrial applications, they have been inadequately explored. The fungus MTCC 5159, isolated from decaying mangrove wood and identified as Cerrena unicolor based on the D1/D2 region of 28S and the 18S ribosomal DNA sequence, decolorized several synthetic dyes. Partially purified laccase reduced lignin content from sugarcane bagasse pulp by 36% within 24 h at 30 degrees C. Laccase was the major lignin-degrading enzyme (~24,000 U L(-1)) produced when grown in low-nitrogen medium with half-strengt...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - March 14, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: D'Souza-Ticlo D, Sharma D, Raghukumar C Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Characterization and Identification of a Novel Marine Streptomyces sp. Produced Antibacterial Substance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is the first to introduce the finding of sisomicin produced from marine Streptomyces sp. This work provides a preference for the production of sisomicin in pharmaceutical industries and a probability for studying the biodiversity of marine microbe. PMID: 19277782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology)
Source: Marine Biotechnology - March 11, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lu Y, Dong X, Liu S, Bie X Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Cytosolic Hsp70 gene from Laminaria japonica (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a full-length cytosolic heat shock protein 70 complementary DNA (cDNA) of Laminaria japonica (designated as LJHsp70) was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full length of LJHsp70 cDNA was 2,918 bp, with a 5' untranslated region of 248 bp, a 3' untranslated region of 696 bp, and an open reading frame of 1,974 bp encoding a polypeptide of 657 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 72.03 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 4.97. There was highly repeated sequence of CAA in 5' untranslated region of LJHsp70. The r...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - March 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Fu W, Yao J, Wang X, Liu F, Fu G, Duan D Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Novel Use for the Osmolyte Trimethylamine N-oxide: Retaining the Psychrophilic Characters of Cold-Adapted Protease Deseasin MCP-01 and Simultaneously Improving its Thermostability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, effects of TMAO on the structure, activity, and stability of a cold-adapted protease, deseasin MCP-01, were studied. Deseasin MCP-01 is a new type of subtilase from deep-sea psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913. Fluorescence and CD spectra showed that TMAO did not perturb the structure of MCP-01 and therefore kept the conformational flexibility of MCP-01. One molar TMAO improved the activity of MCP-01 by 174% and its catalytic efficiency (k (cat) /K (m)) by 290% at 0 degrees C. In the presence of 1 M TMAO, the thermostability (t (1/2)) of MCP-01 increased by two- to fivefold at 60 approxima...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - March 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: He HL, Chen XL, Zhang XY, Sun CY, Zou BC, Zhang YZ Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

First Insights into the Biochemistry of Tube Foot Adhesive from the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea, Echinodermata).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sea urchins are common inhabitants of wave-swept shores. To withstand the action of waves, they rely on highly specialized independent adhesive organs, the adoral tube feet. The latter are extremely well-designed for temporary adhesion being composed by two functional subunits: (1) an apical disc that produces an adhesive secretion to fasten the sea urchin to the substratum, as well as a deadhesive secretion to allow the animal to move and (2) a stem that bears the tensions placed on the animal by hydrodynamism. Despite their technological potential for the development of new biomimetic underwater adhesives, very littl...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - February 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Santos R, da Costa G, Franco C, Gomes-Alves P, Flammang P, Coelho AV Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals

Growth and Survival of Early Juveniles of the Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae) Under Controlled Conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to investigate the technology of early juvenile sponge cultivation under controlled conditions. The effects of food, temperature, water flow, and light on the growth and survival of early juveniles of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis were examined. The concentrations of four types of food elements [microalgae (Isochrysis galbana), photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas), Fe(3+) (FeCl(3)), and Si (Na(2)SiO(3))] were investigated for early H. perlevis juvenile growth. Interestingly, temperature changes have striking effects on juvenile growth. Juvenile sponges grow faster when they are shifted to h...
Source: Marine Biotechnology - February 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xue L, Zhang W Tags: Mar Biotechnol (NY) Source Type: journals