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Infant feeding choices: experience, self-identity and lifestyleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated women's infant feeding choices using in-depth interviews with 12 mothers of infants aged 7[ndash]18 weeks. Using content analysis, four themes emerged: (1) information, knowledge and decision making, (2) physical capability, (3) family and social influences, (4) lifestyle, independence and self-identity. While women were aware of the 'Breast is Best' message, some expressed distrust in this information if they had not been breastfed themselves. Women felt their own infant feeding choice was influenced by the perceived norm among family and friends. Women described how breastfeeding hindered their ab...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - November 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Naomi Andrew, Kate Harvey Source Type: journals

How well are infant and young child World Health Organization (WHO) feeding indicators associated with growth outcomes? An example from CambodiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We assessed eight World Health Organization (WHO) core child feeding indicators for their association with stunting and underweight in Cambodia in 2000 and 2005. We compared the feeding data from the Cambodian Demographic and Health Surveys for 2000 with 2005 for 0[ndash]24 months children using the WHO feeding indicators, with stunting and underweight as outcomes. Prevalence of stunting and underweight was significantly less in 2005 than in 2000 among children aged 0[ndash]5 and 6[ndash]11 months, but stunting among children 18[ndash]23 months remained >50%. Prevalence of compliance with seven of the eight core healthy fe...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - November 10, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bernadette P. Marriott, Alan J. White, Louise Hadden, Jayne C. Davies, John C. Wallingford Source Type: journals

Diet in pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age birth: results from a retrospective case-control study in ItalyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims to analyse the association between selected dietary indicators during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) births in a South European population. This is a case-control study. Cases were 555 women who delivered SGA babies at the Luigi Mangiagalli Clinic of Milan and the Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic of the University of Verona. The controls were women who gave birth at term ([ge]37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants with normal weight in the same clinics. Dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire. Women with SGA babies reported a more frequent consumpti...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - October 15, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elena Ricci, Francesca Chiaffarino, Sonia Cipriani, Matteo Malvezzi, Fabio Parazzini Source Type: journals

Are the benefits of the 'Healthy Start' food support scheme sustained at three months postpartum? Results from the Sheffield 'before and after' studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Early results examining nutritional behaviour of Caucasian, English-speaking, postpartum women living in Sheffield, who were beneficiaries or eligible for the Welfare Food Scheme (WFS) or the Healthy Start (HS) scheme, suggested significant between-groups differences. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences observed at 4 weeks postpartum were sustained over time. Eighty-six WFS and 64 HS participants were recruited at baseline and, thereafter, 53 WFS and 33 HS participants at week 8, and 47 WFS and 39 HS participants at week 12. Dietary intakes were assessed by an interviewer-administered, semi-quantified ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - October 13, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Theodora Mouratidou, Fiona A. Ford, Sarah E. Wademan, Robert B. Fraser Source Type: journals

Subjective global assessment of nutritional status in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was aimed to compare the subjective and objective nutritional assessments and to analyse the performance of subjective global assessment (SGA) of nutritional status in diagnosing undernutrition in paediatric patients. One hundred and forty children (aged 2[ndash]12 years) hospitalized consecutively in Tabriz Paediatric Hospital from June 2008 to August 2008 underwent subjective assessment using the SGA questionnaire and objective assessment, including anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Agreement between two assessment methods was analysed by the kappa ([kappa]) statistic. Statistical indicators includi...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - October 8, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Aida Malek Mahdavi, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Abdolrasool Safaiyan Source Type: journals

The Infant Feeding Intentions scale demonstrates construct validity and comparability in quantifying maternal breastfeeding intentions across multiple ethnic groupsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to examine intra- and inter-ethnic validity of the IFI scale. The IFI scale was administered to 218 white non-Hispanic, 75 African-American, 80 English-speaking Hispanic, 62 Spanish-speaking Hispanic and 64 Asian expectant primiparae. Participants were asked their planned duration of providing breast milk as the sole source of milk (full breastfeeding). The IFI scale was examined for intra-ethnic internal consistency and construct validity and for inter-ethnic comparability. For all five ethnic categories, principal component analysis separated the scale into the same two factors: intention ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Laurie A. Nommsen-Rivers, Roberta J. Cohen, Caroline J. Chantry, Kathryn G. Dewey Source Type: journals

Breastfeeding practice in mothers with eating disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of breastfeeding in women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and eating disorders not otherwise specified [ndash] purging subtype, with mothers with no eating disorders during the first 6 months after birth. The study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Questionnaire-based information on eating disorder diagnoses and breastfeeding in 39 355 women was used to estimate the risk of cessation of breastfeeding with Cox proportional hazards regression. Almost all women (98%...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Leila Torgersen, Eivind Ystrom, Margaretha Haugen, Helle M. Meltzer, Ann Von Holle, Cecilie Knoph Berg, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Cynthia M. Bulik Source Type: journals

The role of parents' romantic relationship warmth and hostility in child feeding practices and children's eating behavioursEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research examined the associations between parents' reports of the quality of their romantic relationships with their partner/spouse, their feeding interactions with their children, and their children's eating behaviours. One hundred and fifty-six married/cohabiting mothers of young children completed self-report measures of their romantic relationship quality, child feeding practices and children's eating behaviours. Reports of a less warm, more hostile romantic relationship were associated with children's less adaptive eating behaviours. More hostile relationship quality was also related to greater restriction of th...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 17, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Emma Haycraft, Jackie Blissett Source Type: journals

A meta-ethnographic synthesis of women's experience of breastfeedingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite considerable evidence and effort, breastfeeding duration rates in resource-rich countries such as Australia remain below World Health Organization recommendations. The literature on the experience of breastfeeding indicates that women construct and experience breastfeeding differently depending upon their own personal circumstances and the culture within which they live. Breastfeeding has also been described as a deeply personal experience, which can be associated with 'moral' decision-making. The aim of this synthesis was to better understand the social phenomenon of breastfeeding by making the hidden obvious. Usi...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 16, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elaine Burns, Virginia Schmied, Athena Sheehan, Jennifer Fenwick Source Type: journals

Infant feeding in the neonatal unitEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to explore feeding decisions and considered how these might affect outcomes. The staff in the two large urban NNUs who participated in the feeding decisions were interviewed and the data were analysed using a theoretical framework. Feeding decisions were made mainly by the unit staff, with limited parental involvement. Subsequent management varied, with differences being related to staff experience and beliefs, unit norms, parent's expectations and physical constraints within the unit. The staff were overtly supportive of breastfeeding, but the need to monitor and quantify milk intake may undermine breastf...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 16, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rhona J. McInnes, Ashley J. Shepherd, Helen Cheyne, Catherine Niven Source Type: journals

The post-partum mid-upper arm circumference of adolescents is reduced by pregnancy in rural NepalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in pregnancy and early post-partum varied by maternal age. The MUAC of 3359 nulliparous pregnant women [le]25 years of age in rural Nepal was measured in early pregnancy and at 3 months post-delivery of a live-born infant. Regression was used to model the change in MUAC and prevalence of MUAC < 20 cm by maternal age, adjusted for confounders. A total of 5.2% of the pregnant women were under 16 years of age. The prevalence of MUAC measurements (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - September 16, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Joanne Katz, Subarna K. Khatry, Steven C. LeClerq, Keith P. West, Parul Christian Source Type: journals

Effects of a lifestyle modification trial among phenotypically obese metabolically normal and phenotypically obese metabolically abnormal adolescents in comparison with phenotypically normal metabolically obese adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to assess the effects of a 2-month lifestyle modification trial on cardio-metabolic abnormalities and C-reactive protein (CRP) among obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome [phenotypically obese metabolically abnormal (POMA)] and obese adolescents without a cardio-metabolic disorder [phenotypically obese metabolically normal (POMN)], as well as in normal-weight adolescents with at least one cardio-metabolic disorder [phenotypically normal metabolically obese (PNMO)]. The study comprised 360 adolescents assigned in three groups of equal number of POMN, POMA and PNMO. They were enrolled in a trial consisti...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - August 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Roya Kelishadi, Mahin Hashemipour, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Noushin Mohammadifard, Hasan Alikhasy, Maryam Beizaei, Firouzeh Sajjadi, Parinaz Poursafa, Zahra Amin, Shohreh Ghatreh-Samani, Noushin Khavarian, Zahra Dana Siadat Source Type: journals

Acceptability and feasibility of infant-feeding options: experiences of HIV-infected mothers in the World Health Organization Kesho Bora mother-to-child transmission prevention (PMTCT) trial in Burkina FasoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Burkina Faso, prolonged breastfeeding with introduction of ritual fluids from birth is a deep-seated norm. We explored HIV-infected mothers' views and experiences of the acceptability and feasibility of the World Health Organization's recommended infant-feeding options within a mother-to-child-transmission prevention trial. A qualitative study was conducted on 17 formula-feeding and 19 breastfeeding mothers, from a larger cohort of 51 eligible HIV-infected women, consenting to participate in separate focus group discussions in early post-partum. Mothers opted for breastfeeding essentially out of fear of family rejection...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - August 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Cécile Cames, Aisha Saher, Kossiwavi A. Ayassou, Amandine Cournil, Nicolas Meda, Kirsten Bork Simondon Source Type: journals

Breastfeeding support – the importance of self-efficacy for low-income womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Breastfeeding is a key determinant in promoting public health and reducing health inequality. Low-income women have a significantly lower level of breastfeeding. Midwives in the UK have been encouraged to implement the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, but to date, there has been no evaluation of the impact of the training initiative on the breastfeeding behaviours of low-income women. As part of a wider study, this qualitative component was designed to answer the question [ndash] what are the views and experiences of low-income women (defined by Jarman scores...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - August 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Francesca Entwistle, Sally Kendall, Marianne Mead Source Type: journals

A multilevel model for the study of breastfeeding determinants in BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The benefits of breastfeeding for the children's health have been highlighted in many studies. The innovative aspect of the present study lies in its use of a multilevel model, a technique that has rarely been applied to studies on breastfeeding. The data reported were collected from a larger study, the Family Budget Survey-Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares, carried out between 2002 and 2003 in Brazil that involved a sample of 48 470 households. A representative national sample of 1477 infants aged 0[ndash]6 months was used. The statistical analysis was performed using a multilevel model, with two levels grouped by region...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - August 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Daniela Wenzel, Ricardo Ocaña-Riola, Gracia Maroto-Navarro, Sônia Buongermino de Souza Source Type: journals

Difference in ponderal growth and body composition among pregnant vs. never-pregnant adolescents varies by birth outcomesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently, we showed that following pregnancy and 6 months of lactation, adolescents cease linear growth and have reduced fat and lean mass in rural Bangladesh. Here, we examined whether these changes varied by pregnancy outcomes such as fetal loss, low birthweight (LBW) and neonatal mortality. Anthropometric measurements were taken among 12[ndash]19-year-old primigravidae (n = 229) in early pregnancy and at 6 months post-partum. Never-pregnant adolescents (n = 456) matched on age and time since menarche were also measured at the same time. Change in anthropometry among pregnant vs. never-pregnant adolescents was compared b...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - July 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jee H. Rah, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Ummeh T. Arju, Alain B. Labrique, Rolf D.W. Klemm, Mahbubur Rashid, Parul Christian Source Type: journals

Maternal influences on fruit and vegetable consumption of schoolchildren: case study in Hong KongEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated whether the consumption of fruit and vegetable by Chinese primary students in Hong Kong is associated with their mother's (1) nutrition knowledge on fruit and vegetables; (2) attitude towards healthy eating; and (3) fruit and vegetable consumption. Fourth- and fifth-grade students from 10 primary schools located in different districts, along with their mothers, were invited to each fill-in a questionnaire related to their diet intake. Accomplished questionnaires were matched and analysed. There were 1779 mother[ndash]child pairs who were successfully matched. Chi-square analysis revealed that studen...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - July 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tony K.C. Yung, Albert Lee, Mandy M. Ho, Vera M.W. Keung, Jackie C.K. Lee Source Type: journals

Validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use among Portuguese pregnant womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate nutrient intake among Portuguese pregnant women. A sample of 101 pregnant women completed a 3-day food diary (FD) in each pregnancy trimester (reference method) and an interviewer-administered FFQ in the immediate post-partum period. Ranking women according to their usual intake showed that, on average, 65% were classified into the same ±1 quintile and 2.4% into opposite quintiles by the two methods. Energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 (protein) to 0.58...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - July 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elisabete Pinto, Milton Severo, Sofia Correia, Isabel dos Santos Silva, Carla Lopes, Henrique Barros Source Type: journals

Premastication: the second arm of infant and young child feeding for health and survival?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present two empirical studies. Section I is a cross-cultural study of the ethnographic literature in order to estimate prevalence in non-Western societies. One-third of ethnographies in the worldwide sample with data on infant feeding report premastication. Section II presents the results of a qualitative study in China, conducted in order to provide data on the likelihood that this percent is incorrect due to under-reporting. The finding that 63% of Chinese university students received premasticated food as infants, whereas none of eight ethnographic studies performed in Han China identified premastication in their rep...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - July 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gretel H. Pelto, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jean-Pierre Habicht Source Type: journals

Formulas providing adequate pantothenic acid, vitamin D, manganese, iron and vitamin A for infants fed with mother's milk (aged 6–11 months) according to the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes prepared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2005 edition)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether the DRI for breastfed infants aged 6[ndash]11 months can be satisfied in dietary practice, with a particular focus on the fulfilment rates for vitamins, minerals, trace elements and electrolytes in weaning formulas containing energy and protein at levels either greater than or equal to the DRIs, as well as on the dietary profiles of weaning formulas to achieve the DRI for every nutrient. The results showed that no weaning formulas examined in this study fulfilled the DRI for pantothenic acid (5 mg), vitamin D (4 µg), manganese (1.2 mg) or iron (5.5 mg). Furthermore, their vitamin A content exceeded the...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - June 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Setsuko Tsutie, Nobutaka Kurihara, Aki Sasaki, Arisa Takagi, Harumiti Seguti, Tetsuya Inatome Source Type: journals

Risk factors for early lactation problems among Peruvian primiparous mothersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for early lactation problems [suboptimal infant breastfeeding behaviour (SIBB), delayed onset of lactogenesis (OL) and excessive neonatal weight loss] among mother[ndash]infant pairs in Lima, Peru. All primiparous mothers who gave birth to a healthy, single, term infant at a government hospital in a peri-urban area of Lima during the 8-month recruitment period were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected at the hospital (day 0) and during a home visit (day 3). Infant breastfeeding behaviour was evaluated using the Infant Breastfeeding As...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - June 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Susana L. Matias, Laurie A. Nommsen-Rivers, Hilary Creed-Kanashiro, Kathryn G. Dewey Source Type: journals

Contribution of beverages to energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake of third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, GuatemalaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Beverages are selected based on availability, culture, taste preference, health, safety and social context. Beverages may be important to energy and to the macronutrient and micronutrient quality of overall intake. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of beverages to the dietary energy and estimated macro- and micronutrient intake to the diet of young schoolchildren. We analyzed data from third- and fourth-grade urban Guatemalan school-children aged predominantly 8[ndash]10 years old. One-day pictorial registries of all beverages, foods and snacks consumed over a 24-h period were collected from children ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - June 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gabriela Montenegro-Bethancourt, Marieke Vossenaar, Colleen M. Doak, Noel W. Solomons Source Type: journals

Conflicting influences on UK mothers' decisions to introduce solid foods to their infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adherence to recommendations to wait until 6 months to introduce solid foods into infants' diets is very poor. An in-depth understanding of the factors involved in this decision is essential if health practitioners are to offer suitable advice and health education. A cross-sectional electronic questionnaire study was conducted with 105 mothers recruited via UK-based Internet parenting discussion forums. Ratings of variables important in making the decision to introduce solid foods were analyzed using factor analysis and multiple regression. Open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. In this sa...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - June 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Madelynne A. Arden Source Type: journals

Systematic review and meta-analysis of home fortification of complementary foodsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We reviewed the efficacy and effectiveness of home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders (e.g. Sprinkles®), crushable tablets and lipid-based or soy-based products. Sixteen studies (5 anaemia treatment trials, 11 prevention trials) met the inclusion criteria. The treatment trials indicate that Sprinkles were as effective as iron drops, and were better accepted and had fewer side effects. In the prevention trials, the risk of anaemia was cut in half. The effect of home fortification with multiple micronutrients on plasma zinc and vitamin A levels was mixed. The impact on child growth of home forti...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - May 7, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kathryn G. Dewey, Zhenyu Yang, Erick Boy Source Type: journals

Quality of care in nutritional rehabilitation in HIV-endemic Malawi: caregiver perspectivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Malawi, HIV and malnutrition are two of the most common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. This qualitative study based in Nutrition Rehabilitation Units (NRU) in HIV-endemic Malawi explores caregiver's (staff and family) perspectives on quality of care for severely malnourished children. Three carer focus groups and 30 carer and staff in-depth interviews were conducted in two NRUs. The interviews and data analysis used a grounded theory approach, using both male and female Malawian researchers. Trustworthiness was enhanced through the researchers' prolonged engagement with the study setting and participants. ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - May 6, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pamela Fergusson, Kingsley Chikaphupha, Grace Bongololo, Ireen Makwiza, Lot Nyirenda, Jobiba Chinkhumba, Anisa Aslam, Sally Theobald Source Type: journals

Seeing other women breastfeed: how vicarious experience relates to breastfeeding intention and behaviourEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vicarious experience gained through seeing women breastfeed may influence infant feeding decisions and self-efficacy. Our aim was to measure the attributes of seeing breastfeeding and to investigate how these relate to feeding intention (primary outcome) and behaviour (secondary outcome). First, we developed a Seeing Breastfeeding Scale (SBS), which consisted of five attitudes (Cronbach's alpha of 0.86) to most recently observed breastfeeding: 'I felt embarrassed'; 'I felt uncomfortable'; 'I did not know where to look'; and 'It was lovely' and 'It didn't bother me'. Test[ndash]retest reliability showed agreement (with one ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - April 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pat Hoddinott, Thilo Kroll, Amalraj Raja, Amanda Jane Lee Source Type: journals

Inappropriate bottle use: an early risk for overweight? Literature review and pilot data for a bottle-weaning trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Identifying early risk factors for childhood obesity is critical, as weight in infancy and early childhood tracks to later periods. Continued bottle use [ndash] primarily from excess milk intake [ndash] is emerging as a potential risk factor for early childhood overweight. Over three fourths of US infants drink from bottles beyond the recommended weaning age of 12 months, and two thirds of UK infants use a bottle at 18 months. This paper is divided into three parts. Part 1 reviews the literature on beverage intake, weight and bottle use in young children. Part II describes pilot data on milk bottle use and weight in 12[nda...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - April 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Karen A. Bonuck, Vincent Huang, Jason Fletcher Source Type: journals

Establishing individual peer counselling for exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda: implications for scaling-upEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Exclusive breastfeeding remains critical for child survival, potentially reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. In Uganda, 98% of children are ever breastfed, but exclusive breastfeeding levels remain low. Supporting mothers in breastfeeding exclusively can improve breastfeeding practices. This paper describes experiences of establishing individual peer counselling for exclusive breastfeeding in the Uganda site of the Promoting Infant Health and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Breastfeeding Promotion in the Era of HIV trial, and highlights some implications for scaling-up. Twelve wome...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - April 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jolly Nankunda, Thorkild Tylleskär, Grace Ndeezi, Nulu Semiyaga, James K. Tumwine Source Type: journals

The effects of gender and ethnicity on absolute vs. relative ratings for low-fat school lunch entréesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to test the absolute and relative preferences for three low-fat entrées currently available within three schools in central Texas. Students rated three low-fat school entrées: chef salad, turkey sandwich and baked potato. Two rating formats were used: (1) absolute ratings, scored individually, with five-point scales; and (2) relative ratings indicated by a series of dichotomous, 'yes[ndash]no' forced choice questions. Across three elementary schools, 238 fifth grade students received parental consent to participate. One hundred thirty-three (56%) were present for all taste tests. The final subject...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - April 24, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Esbelle M. Jowers, John B. Bartholomew, Karen J. Callen Source Type: journals

Understanding infant feeding beliefs, practices and preferred nutrition education and health provider approaches: an exploratory study with Somali mothers in the USAEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents knowledge about Somali beliefs and practices that can directly guide discussions with these families. Given that these infants appear on a trajectory towards obesity, influencing infant feeding practices in the Somali community is a good upstream approach to preventing obesity. These findings will underpin a new infant nutrition curriculum for health providers. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 26, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lesley Steinman, Mark Doescher, Gina A. Keppel, Suzinne Pak-Gorstein, Elinor Graham, Aliya Haq, Donna B. Johnson, Paul Spicer Source Type: journals

Decomposing socio-economic inequality in childhood malnutrition in NigeriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper measures and decomposes socio-economic inequality in childhood malnutrition in Nigeria. Individual data records were constructed for a nationally representative sample of 4187 under-5 children. The data were taken from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey in 2003. The household's socio-economic status was measured using principal component analysis. The concentration index of childhood malnutrition was used as a measure of socio-economic inequality and decomposed into its determining factors. The largest contributions to inequality in childhood malnutrition were household economic status (31%), health serv...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Olalekan A. Uthman Source Type: journals

The use of video support for infant feeding after hospital discharge: a study in remote and rural ScotlandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assesses the feasibility and acceptability of future infant feeding video support after hospital discharge, and investigates general views on the potential of other communication technology in a remote and rural area of Scotland. Mixed survey and qualitative methods were used. A consecutive sample of 403 women were given a questionnaire at discharge from post-natal wards and 91 responded. From the respondents, 20 volunteers were purposively selected for in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews 6[ndash]8 weeks after birth. Results demonstrated that two-thirds of survey respondents had access to video communi...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Anne Roberts, Pat Hoddinott, David Heaney, Helen Bryers Source Type: journals

Incorporating nutrition into delivery care: delivery care practices that affect child nutrition and maternal healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Delayed umbilical cord clamping, early skin-to-skin contact and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding are three simple and inexpensive delivery care practices which have the potential to improve short-term and long-term nutrition and health outcomes in mothers and infants. In preterm infants, delayed clamping prevents intraventricular haemorrhage and improves haematological status, and in full-term infants, delayed clamping improves iron status through 6 months of age. Early skin-to-skin contact, in addition to regulating neonatal temperature, improves early breastfeeding behaviours, which has important implications ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 2, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Camila M. Chaparro, Chessa K. Lutter Source Type: journals

Breastfeeding protects against infectious diseases during infancy in industrialized countries. A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Firstly, this review was performed to assess the effect of breastfeeding on infections during infancy in industrialized countries. Secondly, the effect of duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding were explored. Studies were identified using Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index and by a manual search from bibliographies of articles from August 1986 to January 2008. Follow-up, case[ndash]control and randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies performed in an industrialized country, published in English, with breastfeeding as a determinant, with overall infections, gastrointestinal or respiratory tract infection...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Liesbeth Duijts, Made K. Ramadhani, Henriëtte A. Moll Source Type: journals

Maternal knowledge of infant feeding guidelines and label reading behaviours in a population of new mothers in San Francisco, CaliforniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal nutrition knowledge and maternal socio-demographics including participation in the Special Supplemental Women, Infants and Children's (WIC) Program. A cross-sectional study of new mothers at two San Francisco hospitals was conducted using some of the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines in a structured questionnaire to assess maternal nutritional knowledge. Maternal nutritional attitudes towards product nutrient labels were also assessed in a questionnaire format. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of having high mate...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - March 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Janet M. Wojcicki, Roberto Gugig, Suganya Kathiravan, Kate Holbrook, Melvin B. Heyman Source Type: journals

Dietary behaviour, food and nutrient intake of pregnant women in a rural community in Burkina FasoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, pregnant women in this rural area of Burkina Faso do not seem to restrict their diet significantly during pregnancy. The additional nutritional requirements of pregnancy are not accounted for in their dietary practises. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 13, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lieven Fernand Huybregts, Dominique Albert Roberfroid, Patrick Wilfried Kolsteren, John Hendrik Van Camp Source Type: journals

The impact of maternal negative affectivity on dietary patterns of 18-month-old children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is a part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. A total of 27 763 mothers completed 3 repeated assessments of negative affectivity before and after childbirth and of the child's diet when the child was 18 months old. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns, and structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relationship with negative affectivity adjusted for socio-demographical variables. Exploratory factor analysis of a foods frequency questionnaire revealed two dietary patterns in the child, labeled unhealth...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 12, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Eivind Ystrom, Susan Niegel, Margarete E. Vollrath Source Type: journals

Inadequate feeding practices and impaired growth among children from subsistence farming households in Sidama, Southern EthiopiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, interventions that address the WHO guiding principles for complementary feeding practices and behaviours, as well as prenatal influences on growth, are urgently required in this setting. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 11, 2009 Category: Nutrition Source Type: journals

Using community maternity care assistants to facilitate family-focused breastfeeding supportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increasing breastfeeding rates, particularly in lower socio-economic areas, would have considerable impact upon public health. Social support has been found to have direct and positive effects on breastfeeding rates, and fathers' attitudes have an important influence on the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. In the UK, trained maternity care assistants (MCAs) are increasingly being used to support community midwives by providing post-natal women with breastfeeding support. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of MCAs involving fathers from economically deprived communities in ant...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 10, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jenny Ingram, Debbie Johnson Source Type: journals

Reporting of participant compliance in randomized controlled trials of nutrition supplements during pregnancyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are widely considered to be the gold standard for demonstrating intervention effects. Adequacy of reporting of participant compliance in RCTs affects the interpretation of study results. Our aims were two-fold: first, to assess the adequacy of reporting of participant compliance in RCTs investigating the effect of maternal nutritional supplements on infant outcomes; and second, to examine authors' adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines on participant flow. Papers reporting trials of nutritional supplementation during pregnancy, and published after...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 10, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sarah H. Kehoe, Purvi S. Chheda, Sirazul A. Sahariah, Janis Baird, Caroline H.D. Fall Source Type: journals

Plasma folate status and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing ageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Maternal folic acid deficiency is an underlying risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). China has one of the highest prevalences of NTDs, and the prevalence rates of NTDs vary by region. We characterized plasma folate level and dietary folate intake among Chinese women of childbearing age by region (North and South, East and West, urban and rural) to provide evidence for establishing policy to prevent NTDs. A total of 1003 women of childbearing age from five provinces in China were interviewed. Fasting blood samples were collected. Plasma folate concentrations were determined by a microbiological assay. Dietary intake data we...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 3, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yaling Zhao, Ling Hao, Le Zhang, Yihua Tian, Yiwu Cao, Haihui Xia, Yajun Deng, Tiangui Wang, Ming Yu, Zhu Li Source Type: journals

Midwives' reported practice supporting the first breastfeedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Birthing room practices can either hinder or promote the initiation of breastfeeding. In Australia, midwives usually support mothers and newborns with the first breastfeed. The aim of this paper is to explore midwives reported practice, assisting mothers initiate breastfeeding in the birthing room. A self-report questionnaire that included open-ended questions was mailed to a national sample of Australian midwives. Open-ended responses to questions related to a birthing room practice scenario were analysed using content analysis to facilitate thematic description. Midwives reported that at the immediate time of birth, they...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 3, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Marie Cooke, Ruth M. Cantrill, Debra K. Creedy Source Type: journals

Effects of socio-economic and behavioural factors on childhood malnutrition in YemenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effects of socio-economic and behavioural factors on childhood malnutrition in Yemen. The three anthropometric indicators such as height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age are used to examine the nutritional status of children aged less 5 years in Yemen. The independent variables include background characteristics, behavioural risk factors and illness characteristics. Data for the study come the most recent Yemen Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative sample, conducted in Yemen in 1997. Logistic regression analysis is used to estimate the odds of being malnourished. Th...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - February 3, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Thankam S. Sunil Source Type: journals

Supplementary feeding with fortified spread among moderately underweight 6–18-month-old rural Malawian childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We aimed to analyse growth and recovery from undernutrition among moderately underweight ambulatory children receiving micronutrient-fortified maize[ndash]soy flour (Likuni Phala, LP) or ready-to-use fortified spread (FS) supplementary diet. One hundred and seventy-six 6[ndash]18-month-old individuals were randomized to receive 500 g LP or 350 g FS weekly for 12 weeks. Baseline and end of intervention measurements were used to calculate anthropometric gains and recovery from underweight, wasting and stunting. Mean weight-for-age increased by 0.22 (95% CI 0.07[ndash]0.37) and 0.28 (0.18[ndash]0.40) Z-score units in the LP a...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - January 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: John Phuka, Chrissie Thakwalakwa, Kenneth Maleta, Yin Bun Cheung, André Briend, Mark Manary, Per Ashorn Source Type: journals

Breastfeeding protects against adverse respiratory outcomes at 15 months of ageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there was a significant protective effect of breastfeeding on infant wheezing and other adverse respiratory outcomes that may be early indicators of asthma in New Zealand children. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - January 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Karen M. Silvers, Chris M. Frampton, Kristin Wickens, Michael J. Epton, Philip K. Pattemore, Tristram Ingham, David Fishwick, Julian Crane, G. Ian Town Source Type: journals

Women's experiences of infant feeding support in the first 6 weeks post-birthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research suggests women find the first 2 to 6 weeks to be the most difficult time for breastfeeding. It has been identified that women need and seek support with breastfeeding during this time. Support is a difficult concept to define. When discussed by professionals, support for breastfeeding is generally viewed in terms of providing information and educational interventions. There is little understanding of the different elements of breastfeeding support strategies and the mechanisms by which support operates. Further, there is a paucity of qualitative research specifically reporting women's experiences and expectations ...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - January 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Athena Sheehan, Virginia Schmied, Lesley Barclay Source Type: journals

Effect of parity on phalangeal bone mineral density in post-menopausal Sri Lankan women: a community based cross-sectional studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a significant difference in unadjusted phalangeal BMD in women categorized according to their parity. Women with one to four pregnancies had the highest phalangeal BMD and BMC, while multi-parous (more than four pregnancies) and nulliparous women had lower values. However, in an adjusted analysis, the differences in BMD and BMC were partially explained by the differences of age and body weight between the groups and the unique effect of parity was difficult to determine. Women with lower BMD may have a higher risk of future fractures. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - December 20, 2008 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sarath Lekamwasam, Lalith Wijayaratne, Mahinda Rodrigo, Udul Hewage Source Type: journals

Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: correlations between parent and adolescentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, correlations in eating behaviour were higher with the parent of the same gender, and eating behaviours in adolescents seem to reflect opposition to parents' behaviour more than familial resemblance. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition)
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - December 18, 2008 Category: Nutrition Authors: Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Monique Romon, Dara Musher-Eizenman, Barbara Heude, Arnaud Basdevant, Marie Aline Charles Source Type: journals

Parental distress around supplementing breastfed babies using nasogastric tubes on the post-natal ward: a theme from an ethnographic studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is abundant evidence of the benefits of breastfeeding. In the UK, supplementation in hospital has consistently been shown to be associated with shortened duration of breastfeeding. This paper reports on a subset of the data from an ethnographic study that explored the expectations, beliefs and experiences of mothers and health professionals concerning supplementation, using a variety of methods, of breastfed babies in an English maternity unit in 2002. This paper aims to describe the expectations, beliefs and experiences of mothers and health professionals concerning supplementation by nasogastric (NG) tube on the po...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - December 18, 2008 Category: Nutrition Authors: Alison M. Taylor, Michele Cloherty, Jo Alexander, Immy Holloway, Kathleen Galvin, Sally Inch Source Type: journals

Reliability of reported breastfeeding duration among reproductive-aged women from MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Breastfed children have lower risk of infectious diseases, post-neonatal mortality and chronic diseases later in life. Because epidemiologic studies usually rely on reported history of previous breastfeeding, data on the accuracy and precision of recalled histories allow improved interpretation of the epidemiologic findings. We evaluated the reliability of two reported breastfeeding durations in 567 reproductive-aged women from Mexico using information obtained from nearly identical sets of questions applied at different times after weaning. We compared differences between reports, and examined the intraclass correlation c...
Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition - November 28, 2008 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lea A. Cupul-Uicab, Beth C. Gladen, Mauricio Hernández-Ávila, Matthew P. Longnecker Source Type: journals