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1643 records returned

The role of general practitioners in managing and treating hepatitis C.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
General practitioners hold the key to expanding access to treatment. PMID: 19912079 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hellard ME, Wang YH Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Building health literacy in Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To empower patients, we need to apply the knowledge gained from research. PMID: 19912080 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Nutbeam D Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Optimising the therapeutic use of oxygen in Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We need a national register of home oxygen therapy. PMID: 19912081 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: McDonald CF, Crockett AJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Grasping the initiative in health policy research and reform.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The conference highlighted the need for new policy development using quantitative methods. PMID: 19912082 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gillespie J, Essue B, Leeder SR, Thow AM Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Risks associated with low functional health literacy in an Australian population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Many Australians are likely to have limited health literacy, and this is a risk to effective health care delivery and health improvement across the community. PMID: 19912083 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Adams RJ, Appleton SL, Hill CL, Dodd M, Findlay C, Wilson DH Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in methadone-maintained mothers and their infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Screening for HCV infection in the high-risk population of pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment and their infants is inadequate. This could lead to significant underdetection of active HCV infection in this high-risk population, and their infants. Current screening guidelines may therefore need to be revised. PMID: 19912084 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Liu AJ, An EI, Murray HG, Tetstall E, Leroi MJ, Nanan RK Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Treatment disparities and effect on late mortality in patients with diabetes presenting with acute myocardial infarction: observations from the ACACIA registry.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Patients with diabetes have a higher risk than non-diabetic patients of late mortality following an acute MI, yet receive fewer guideline-recommended medications and early invasive procedures. Increased application of proven pharmacotherapies and an early invasive management strategy in patients with diabetes presenting with ACS might improve their outcomes. STUDY PROTOCOL NUMBER (SANOFI-AVENTIS): PML-0051. PMID: 19912085 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hung J, Brieger DB, Amerena JV, Coverdale SG, Rankin JM, Astley CM, Soman A, Chew DP Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

A classification of hospital-acquired diagnoses for use with routine hospital data.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring quality improvement requires timely hospital-onset data, regardless of causation or "preventability" of each complication. The CHADx uses routinely abstracted hospital diagnosis and condition-onset information about in-hospital complications. Use of this classification will allow hospitals to track monthly performance for any of the CHADx indicators, or to evaluate specific quality improvement projects. PMID: 19912086 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jackson TJ, Michel JL, Roberts RF, Jorm CM, Wakefield JG Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Variability in the rate of prescription and cost of domiciliary oxygen therapy in Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: DOT prescription rates and costs vary considerably between jurisdictions. An urgently needed national DOT register would enable the current variability to be understood and allow service planning and benchmarking of clinical outcomes. PMID: 19912087 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Serginson JG, Yang IA, Armstrong JG, Cooper DM, Matthiesson AM, Morrison SC, Gair JM, Cooper B, Zimmerman PV Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Tobacco use and measuring nicotine dependence among urban Indigenous pregnant women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: The use of the FTND in Indigenous pregnant women may assess physical nicotine dependence, thus providing information that will help in preparing quit-smoking plans, including tailoring of pharmacological support to individual need. Quit-smoking programs that better address the behavioural and psychological aspects of smoking within the Indigenous community in Australia are needed. PMID: 19912088 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Panaretto KS, Mitchell MR, Anderson L, Gilligan C, Buettner P, Larkins SL, Eades S Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Bridging the communication gap between public and private radiology services.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The delay in transfer of imaging studies when a patient moves between hospitals and between public and private systems has been a barrier to expedient and safe patient management. There is also suboptimal reporting when patients have serial imaging undertaken partly in the private sector and partly in the public sector, because of inability to access previous imaging for comparison. Availability of a DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) server enables sharing of health information, including imaging data, across various sites and jurisdictions. In Perth, Western Australia, we have successfully introdu...
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Chakera T, Nagree Y, Song S, Jones P Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Whole-of-hospital response to admission access block: the need for a clinical revolution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The major problem of access block to acute hospital admissions in Australia needs a more radical response than a focus on increasing inpatient beds, as suggested recently. Australia needs to take on board recent changes in United Kingdom hospital systems, which have revolutionised patient flow during acute admissions and dramatically improved efficiency, clinical quality and outcomes. Accident and emergency departments in the UK became recognised as part of acute hospital dysfunction. Now, increasingly, patients needing admission are directed as soon as possible to an acute medical assessment and admission unit (AMAAU)...
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Walters EH, Dawson DJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

"Paradoxical" immune-mediated reactions to Mycobacterium ulcerans during antibiotic treatment: a result of treatment success, not failure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present the first clinical descriptions of immune-mediated paradoxical reactions to effective antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, which result in clinical deterioration after initial improvement. Recognition of this phenomenon could prevent unnecessary changes to antibiotic regimens, and might obviate the need for, or reduce the extent of, further surgery. (MJA 2009; 191: 564-566). PMID: 19912091 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: O'Brien DP, Robson ME, Callan PP, McDonald AH Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

A disastrous sequela of a missed ureteric stent.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912092 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yang PK, Agarwal D, Corcoran N Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Rates of hospitalisation for acute respiratory illness and the emergence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in the Hunter New England Area Health Service.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Dawood FS, Dalton CB, Durrheim DN, Hope KG Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Impact of Australian celebrity diagnoses on prostate cancer screening.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912094 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Smith DP, Clements MS, Wakefield MA, Chapman S Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Timing of bronchiolitis hospitalisations and respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in non-metropolitan Western Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912095 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Moore HC, Keil AD, Richmond PC, Lehmann D Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Who is responsible for the care of patients treated with warfarin therapy?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912096 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bereznicki LR, Stafford L, Jeffrey EC, Peterson GM, Jackson SL Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Stop taking warfarin? No way!Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912097 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fink JA Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Adverse outcomes of labour in public and private hospitals in Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912098 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Coory MD, Koh GT, Flenady V, Kamp M Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Timing of transfer for pregnant women from Queensland Cape York communities to Cairns for birthing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912099 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cox JW Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Patterns of mortality in Indigenous adults in the Northern Territory, 1998-2003.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912100 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kowal EE Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Close the Gap: ask the experts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912101 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Liaw ST Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Why health reform?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19912102 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 16, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Larcos G Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Uniform format for disclosure of competing interests in ICMJE journals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Introducing a new disclosure form for member journals of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. PMID: 19883337 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Drazen JM, Van Der Weyden MB, Sahni P, Rosenberg J, Marusic A, Laine C, Kotzin S, Horton R, Hébert PC, Haug C, Godlee F, Frizelle FA, de Leeuw PW, Deangelis CD Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Vertebroplasty appears no better than placebo for painful osteoporotic spinal fractures, and has potential to cause harm.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two randomised placebo-controlled trials show the importance of establishing the efficacy of procedures before adopting them into clinical practice. PMID: 19883338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Kallmes D Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Can prior vaccinations against certain infections confer protection against developing melanoma?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Currently available, relatively safe vaccines may help tackle this serious and increasing public health problem. PMID: 19883339 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Grange JM, Krone B, Kölmel KF, Mastrangelo G Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Circadian rhythms: keeping pace with developments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
How far has our understanding of chronobiology come in the past 40 years? PMID: 19883340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Stampfer HG, Hood SD Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Victims of violence among Indigenous mothers living with dependent children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of violence against Indigenous mothers with young children is alarmingly high across remote and non-remote areas. This study identified distinctive characteristics of victims, but further research is needed to assess potential risk factors, such as history of removal from natural family. PMID: 19883341 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cripps K, Bennett CM, Gurrin LC, Studdert DM Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Does point-of-care testing lead to the same or better adherence to medication? A randomised controlled trial: the PoCT in General Practice Trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Having access to immediate test results through PoCT is associated with the same or better medication adherence compared with having test results provided by a pathology laboratory. PoCT used in general practice can provide general practitioners and patients with timely and complete clinical information, facilitating important self-management behaviours such as medication adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 12605000272695. PMID: 19883342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gialamas A, Yelland LN, Ryan P, Willson K, Laurence CO, Bubner TK, Tideman P, Beilby JJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

What does it cost to establish a practice-nurses-led clinical trial in general practice?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to undertake a PN-led, general practice-based clinical trial in diabetes care. Future research funding needs to account for recruitment costs, including the need to build PN research capacity, and to overcome the inherent difficulties of engaging practices in complex intervention trials in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN50662837. PMID: 19883343 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Blackberry ID, Furler JS, Young D, Best JD, Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Quick diagnosis units: a potentially useful alternative to conventional hospitalisation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a potentially cost-saving, efficient alternative to hospitalising patients for diagnostic purposes: quick diagnosis units (QDUs) managed by internal medicine specialists. QDUs facilitate early diagnosis for patients with potentially serious disease, and avoid hospitalisations, hospital-related morbidity and unnecessary health costs. To function well, QDUs require the patient's first visit to occur as soon as possible after referral; preferential patient access to diagnostic tests; and strict referral criteria (QDU patients must have symptoms suggestive of severe disease, but be well enough to attend several app...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bosch X, Aibar J, Capell S, Coca A, López-Soto A Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Outcomes of a cystic fibrosis carrier testing clinic for couples.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: CF carrier testing for couples using an expanded one-step model will detect about 80% of high-risk couples and enables various reproductive choices. We believe that all couples considering pregnancy, and women in early pregnancy and their partners, should be offered CF carrier testing. PMID: 19883345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Christie LM, Ingrey AJ, Turner GM, Proos AL, Watts GE Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Impact of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza on critical care capacity in Victoria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Prospective use of modelling tools informed critical decisions in the planning and management of the pandemic. Early estimation of the clinical attack rate, hospitalisation rates, and demand for ICU beds guided implementation of surge capacity. ECMO emerged as an important treatment modality for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, and will be an important consideration for future pandemic planning. PMID: 19883346 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lum ME, McMillan AJ, Brook CW, Lester R, Piers LS Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

The decline of clinical contact in medicine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Patient contact with medical students and clinicians may be on the decline. Increasing medical graduate numbers, workforce and training demands, and the institution of safe working hours are putting pressure on opportunities for direct clinical interaction. Medical education curricula and clinical postgraduate education supervisors must ensure that students and junior doctors recognise the importance of hands-on clinical contact with patients. Although many new developments aid health care efficiencies and can assist with the complexities of care required in a modern hospital, clinicians need to maintain their focus on...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lancashire B, Hore CT, Fassett RG Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Low drug doses may improve outcomes in chronic disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationship between drug dose and clinical outcome has not been established for many medications used to treat chronic disease. Evidence is emerging that chronic diseases can be treated effectively with low doses. Adverse drug reactions account for significant morbidity and mortality and are generally dose related. Optimal drug dose - the best balance of benefit and risk - varies between individuals and may change over time. When treating chronic disease it is important to establish and maintain the optimal dose for each patient by close clinical monitoring. PMID: 19883348 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Dimmitt SB, Stampfer HG Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Straight to the emergency department: burns in children caused by hair-straightening devices.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Poiner ZM, Kerr MD, Wallis BA, Kimble RM Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Paediatric treadmill injuries: an increasing problem.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kim LH, Maze DA, Adams S, Guitonich S, Connolly S, Darton A, Holland AJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Can we readily identify patients who need antibiotics in a severe influenza pandemic?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Charles PG, Johnson PD, Collignon PJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Successful implementation of cardiometabolic monitoring of patients treated with antipsychotics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Foley DL, Morley KI, Carroll KE, Moran J, McGorry PD, Murphy BP Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

The widening gap between clinical, teaching and research work.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mulherin TC Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Current management of otitis media in Australia - foreword.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19883354 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Med J Aust)
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Coates HL Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Natural history, definitions, risk factors and burden of otitis media.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media remains a major health problem in Australia, with an unacceptably great dichotomy of incidence and severity of otitis media and its complications between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Among most children with acute otitis media, infection resolves rapidly with or without antibiotics, with ongoing middle ear effusion the only sequela. Overcrowding, poor living conditions, exposure to cigarette smoke, and lack of access to medical care are all major risk factors for otitis media. Estimates of the number of cases of otitis media in 2008 vary between 992 000 and 2 430 000 Australians, with a total...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kong K, Coates HL Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Otitis media: viruses, bacteria, biofilms and vaccines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media typically presents as either acute otitis media (AOM), with symptoms including fever, otalgia, otorrhoea or irritability and short duration; or as otitis media with effusion (OME), which is often asymptomatic and characterised by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. Diagnostic certainty of otitis media is challenging, given the young age of patients and variability of symptoms. Otitis media predominantly occurs as coincident to viral upper respiratory tract infections and/or bacterial infections. Common viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infection are frequently associated with AOM and new-onse...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Massa HM, Cripps AW, Lehmann D Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Theories of otitis media pathogenesis, with a focus on Indigenous children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media is a common childhood illness associated with hearing loss, social disadvantage and medical costs. Prevalence and severity are high among Indigenous children. Respiratory bacterial and viral pathogens ascend the eustachian tube from the nasopharynx to the middle ear, causing inflammation, fluid accumulation, and bulging of the tympanic membrane, with or without pain. Among Australian Indigenous children, ear disease commences earlier in life, and involves multiple strains of bacterial pathogens at high density that persist longer. Persistent nasal discharge, overcrowded living conditions (particularly expo...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Wiertsema SP, Leach AJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Primary care management of otitis media among Australian children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is diagnosed on the basis of acute onset of pain and fever; a red, bulging tympanic membrane; and middle ear effusion. AOM is managed with analgesia (paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Antibiotic therapy is minimally effective for most patients; it is most effective for children < 2 years with bilateral otitis media and for children with discharging ears. National guidelines recommend antibiotic therapy for Indigenous children with AOM. Evidence for corticosteroids, topical analgesia and xylitol are scant. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is diagnosed as the presence of m...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gunasekera H, O'Connor TE, Vijayasekaran S, Del Mar CB Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Complications of otitis media in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Australia, three to five children die each year because of otitis media complications, and 15 children will suffer permanent hearing loss each year as a result of otitis media. Extracranial complications occur most commonly, and include mastoiditis, cholesteatoma and otitis media with perforation. Intracranial complications are less common, and include meningitis, brain abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis. In Australia, approximately 60% of extracranial and intracranial complications of otitis media occur in children. The contrasting rates of childhood otitis media among Indigenous and non-Indigenous children have ...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: O'Connor TE, Perry CF, Lannigan FJ Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

Surgery for otitis media among Indigenous Australians.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media with effusion and recurrent acute otitis media are ubiquitous among Indigenous children. Otitis media causes conductive hearing loss that may persist throughout early childhood and adversely affect social interactions, language acquisition and learning. Control of otitis media usually restores hearing to adequate levels. Surgery is to be considered when otitis media has not responded to medical treatment. In non-Indigenous populations, tympanostomy tubes ("grommets"), with or without adenoidectomy, can control otitis media; how these findings relate to Indigenous Australians is not known. Tympanic membrane...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: O'Leary SJ, Triolo RD Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media is a common disease in childhood that can adversely affect cognitive and educational outcomes. The literature in this area is equivocal, and findings may be influenced by research design. The impact of otitis media on individual children's development appears to depend on the inter-relationship between several factors. Children who have early-onset otitis media (under 12 months) are at high risk of developing long-term speech and language problems. Otitis media has been found to interact negatively with pre-existing cognitive or language problems. For biological or environmental reasons, some populations h...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Williams CJ, Jacobs AM Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals

New horizons: otitis media research in Australia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Otitis media affects nearly all children worldwide. Despite an enormous amount of research, our understanding of this common condition continues to be challenged. New pathogens involved in otitis media are still being identified. The importance of interactions between viral and bacterial infection and the role of new vaccines need to be clarified. The proposal that bacteria can become more resistant to therapy through biofilm formation and intracellular infection could have important implications for treatment. The most important clinical research findings have been summarised in systematic reviews. In developed countr...
Source: Med J Aust - November 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Morris PS, Richmond P, Lehmann D, Leach AJ, Gunasekera H, Coates HL Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: journals