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Th17: A New Participant in Gut Dysfunction in Mice Infected with Trichinella spiralisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents is a well-known model of intestinal inflammation associated with hypermotility. Our aim was to elucidate if Th17 cells were involved in the development of gastrointestinal hypermotility in this experimental model. Intestinal inflammation was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Jejunal smooth muscle contractility was investigated in response to acetylcholine (Ach). The effects of IL-17 on jejunum smooth muscle contractility were explored. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of Th17 cells in jejunum. The levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β1 in jejunum were...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Protection of Salvia miltiorrhizae to the Spleen and Thymus of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis or Obstructive JaundiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Salvia miltiorrhizae exerts protective effects on the spleen and thymus of SAP rats and spleen of OJ rats. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Biomarkers: A Definite Plus in PneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the past few years, biomarkers have emerged as an indispensible tool in the diagnosis of pneumonia. To find an ideal diagnostic biomarker for pneumonia is not an easy task. Not only should it allow an early diagnosis of the condition, but it should also allow differential diagnosis from other noninfectious conditions. Ongoing research is being done in this field so as to put an array of biomarkers at the disposal of doctors to improve the diagnosis of pneumonia when patients present to them with cough or nonspecific symptoms which could easily be misinterpreted as symptoms of other conditions. Procalcitonin and solu...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Cathepsin G, a Neutrophil Protease, Induces Compact Cell-Cell Adhesion in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cathepsin G is a serine protease secreted by activated neutrophils that play a role in the inflammatory response. Because neutrophils are known to be invading leukocytes in various tumors, their products may influence the characteristics of tumor cells such as the growth state, motility, and the adhesiveness between cells or the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate that cathepsin G induces cell-cell adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells resulting from the contact inhibition of cell movement on fibronectin but not on type IV collagen. Cathepsin G subsequently induced cell condensation, a very compact cell colony...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Correlation of Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 Levels and the Colonic Mucosa Expressions in Patients with Ulcerative ColitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels reflect their colonic mucosal expression to some extent in patients with UC. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1, in particular, demonstrate the potential to become biomarkers to clinically diagnose UC, predict its severity, and guide further therapy. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 9, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Urocortin in Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid: Its Role as Predictor of Preterm LaborEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. These results suggest that urocortin concentrations in the amniotic fluid of genetic amniocentesis are not predictive of preterm labor and birth. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 4, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Effects of Interleukin-1β in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Acute Pulmonary Inflammation in MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We determined the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling on tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced (TNF-α) lung neutrophil influx as well as neutrophil chemoattractant macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) and KC and soluble TNF-α receptor (TNFR) levels utilizing wildtype (WT), TNF receptor double knockout (TNFR1/TNFR2 KO), and IL-1β KO mice after oropharyngeal instillation with TNF-α. A significant increase in neutrophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung interstitium was detected in the WT mice six hours after TNF-α exposure. This correlated with...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - November 4, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Effects of Methotrexate on Plasma Cytokines and Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Postmyocarditis RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used a rat model of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis to investigate the effects of low-dose methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg/d for 30 d) on the plasma level of cytokines and cardiac remodeling and function. Our study showed that levels of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly increased in postmyocarditis rats, compared with the control rats. Methotrexate treatment reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and increased IL-10 level, compared to saline treatment. In addition, postmyocarditis rats showed significant cardiac fibrosis ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - October 27, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Effects of Methotrexate on Plasma Cytokines and Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Post-myocarditis RatsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used a rat model of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis to investigate the effects of low-dose methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg/d for 30 d) on the plasma level of cytokines and cardiac remodeling and function. Our study showed that levels of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly increased in post-myocarditis rats, compared with the control rats. Methotrexate treatment reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and increased IL-10 level, compared to saline treatment. In addition, post-myocarditis rats showed significant cardiac fibrosi...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - October 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of AutoimmunityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The precise pathomechanisms of human autoimmune diseases are still poorly understood. However, a deepened understanding of these is urgently needed to improve disease prevention and early detection and guide more specific treatment approaches. In recent years, many new genes and signalling pathways involved in autoimmunity with often overlapping patterns between different disease entities have been detected. Major contributions were made by experiments using DNA microarray technology, which has been used for the analysis of gene expression patterns in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, among which were rheumatoi...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - October 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Enhance CD40 Expression and HMGB-1 SecretionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
γδ T cells play an important role in regulating the immune response to stress stimuli; however, the mean by which these innate lymphocytes fulfill this function remains poorly defined. The main subset of human peripheral blood γδ T cells responds to nonpeptidic antigens, such as isopentylpyrophosphate (IPP), a metabolite in the mevalonate pathway for both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. IPP-primed γδ T cells significantly augment the inflammatory response mediated by monocytes and αβ T cells to TSST-1, the staphylococcal superantigen that is the major causative agent ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - October 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Comments to Metallothionein as an Anti-Inflammatory MediatorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - October 12, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

A Splice Variant of ASC Regulates IL-1β Release and Aggregates Differently from Intact ASCEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruit domain (ASC) is involved in apoptosis and innate immunity and is a major adaptor molecule responsible for procaspase-1 activation. ASC mRNA is encoded by three exons: exons 1 and 3 encode a pyrin domain (PYD) and caspase recruit domain (CARD), respectively, and exon 2 encodes a proline and glycine-rich (PGR) domain. Here, we identified a variant ASC protein (vASC) lacking the PGR domain that was smaller than full length ASC (fASC) derived from fully transcribed mRNA and searched for differences in biochemical and biological nature. Both fASC and vASC ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - September 15, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Interleukin (IL)-4 Induces Leukocyte Infiltration In Vivo by an Indirect MechanismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interleukin (IL)-4 is a cytokine known mainly for its anti-inflammatory activity. Using the in vivo murine air pouch model, we found that IL-4 significantly increased the number of leukocytes after 9 hours of treatment, consisting mainly of neutrophil (60%) and monocytic (40%) cell populations. Using an antibody array, we found that the expression of several analytes (predominantly CCL2) was increased by IL-4 before the arrival of leukocytes. The IL-4-induced expression of CCL-2 was confirmed by ELISA. Air pouch resident lining cells were harvested and were found to express IL-4Rα. CCL2 mRNA expression was m...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - September 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Evidence for a Potential Role of Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disorders of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Recent studies underscore the importance of the damaged epithelial barrier and the dysregulated innate immune system in their pathogenesis. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small proteins with a high and conserved cysteine content that are rapidly upregulated in response to an inflammatory stimulus. Herein, we review the current knowl...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - August 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Gender Differences Relating to Metabolic Syndrome and Proinflammation in Finnish Subjects with Elevated Blood PressureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure ≥130 and/or ≥85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria was observed in 35% of men and 34% of women. Men with MetS had lower hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than women. The absolute gender difference in adiponectin was smaller and those in IL-1Ra and hs-CRP were greater in subjects with MetS compared to those without. After adjustment with ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - August 20, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Leptin Enhances Synthesis of Proinflammatory Mediators in Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage—Mediator Role of NO in Leptin-Induced PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 ProductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) in weight-bearing joints, but also in hand joints, pointing to an obesity-related metabolic factor that influences on the pathogenesis of OA. Leptin is an adipokine regulating energy balance, and it has recently been related also to arthritis and inflammation as a proinflammatory factor. In the present paper, the effects of leptin on human OA cartilage were studied. Leptin alone or in combination with IL-1 enhanced the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and production of NO, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8. The results suggest that the effects of leptin are mediated through activ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - August 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Protective Effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on Multiple Organs of Rats with Obstructive JaundiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Salvia miltiorrhizae injection is able to obviously reduce the contents of inflammatory mediators in the blood of OJ rats and exert some protective effects on multiple organs of these rats. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - August 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and Their Combinational Prescription Inhibit Eosinophil Infiltration and Airway Hyperresponsiveness by Suppressing CCR3+ and Th2 Cytokines Production in the Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma ModelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. These findings provide evidence that Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and their combination play a regulatory role in allergic inflammation and offer therapeutic approaches as novel CCR3 antagonists for treatment asthma. However, it is not clear whether pharmacological activities of prescription composed of two herbs are potentiated due to synergistic effect or additive effect. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - August 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

High Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines, but Not Markers of Tissue Injury, in Unaffected Intestinal Areas from Patients with IBDEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the unaffected areas from IBD show increased levels of a restricted set of cytokines that may exert immune activating roles in these areas without being able to trigger tissue damage. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Imbalance in Serum Concentration of Th-1- and Th-2-Derived Chemokines as One of the Factors Involved in Pathogenesis of Atopic DermatitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease in which pathogenesis chemokines are partially involved. The aim of the paper was to assess the serum level of CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CXCL-11, CXCL-12, CCL-17, CCL-20, CCL-21, CCL-22, CCL-27, and IL-18 chosen in AD patients by ELISA assay. Forty patients (mean age 11.4 years old) with AD and 50 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The patients and controls were divided into two age categories: under 10 years old (Group 1 and Control 1) and over 10 years old (Group 2 and Control 2). ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 22, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Association of MCP-1 -2518 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with the Serum Level of CRP in Slovak Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease, Angina Pectoris, and HypertensionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of our work was to find if MCP-1 -2518 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences somehow the serum concentrations of high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) both in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), and hypertension (HT) and in control group of healthy subjects. Totally, 263 patients with the diagnosis of IHD, out of them 89 with MI, 145 with AP, 205 with HT, and also 67 healthy subjects were included in the study. First, we estimated the serum levels of hsCRP. We found that patients with AP had significantly higher serum level of hsCRP than both ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 22, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Tea Polyphenols Regulate Key Mediators on Inflammatory Cardiovascular DiseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tea polyphenols known as catechins are key components with many biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic effects. These effects are induced by the suppression of several inflammatory factors including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). While these characteristics of catechins have been well documented, actions of catechins as mediators on inflammation-related cardiovascular diseases have not yet been well investigated. In this article, we reviewed recent papers to reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins in cardiovascular diseases. In our laboratory, we performed o...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 19, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Isolated Coronary Artery EctasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. CAE patients showed increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the controls. This study provides evidence for alterations in the proinflamatory cytokines which suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of CAE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Inflammation but Not Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Dyslipidemic SubjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. In subjects with dyslipidemia, the presence of CAD is associated with an elevation of certain inflammatory markers and carotid IMT but not with further endothelial dysfunction. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Is Chronic Inflammation a Possible Cause of Obesity-Related Depression?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adult obesity has been associated with depression, especially in women. Whether depression leads to obesity or obesity causes depression is unclear. Chronic inflammation is observed in obesity and depression. In 63 obese women without additional diseases depression level was assessed with the Beck's questionnaire. After evaluation of depression level study group was divided into groups according to the mood status (A—without depression, B—mild depression, and C—severe depression), and serum concentration of TNF-α, sTNFs, leptin, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. No differences in age, body mass,...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 is a Prognostic Marker in ANCA-Associated Small Vessel VasculitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Patients with ASVV have raised cytokine levels in the urine compared to healthy controls, even during remission. Raised MCP-1 levels are associated with poor prognosis and possibly also with relapse tendency. The association with poor prognosis was stronger for U-MCP-1 than for conventional markers of disease like CRP, BVAS, and ANCA, as well as compared to candidate markers like U-IgM and U-IL-8. We thus consider U-MCP-1 to have promising potential as a prognostic marker in ASVV. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

IL-4 Deficiency Decreases Mortality but Increases Severity of Arthritis in Experimental Group B Streptococcus InfectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity in different experimental arthritis models. Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. Septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of GBS infection. To investigate the role of IL-4 in experimental GBS infection, IL-4 deficient or competent mice were inoculated with 1×107 GBS/mouse. Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS growth in the organs, and local and sys...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 is a Prognostic Marker in ANCA-Associated Small Vessel VasculitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Patients with ASVV have raised cytokine levels in the urine compared to healthy controls, even during remission. Raised MCP-1 levels are associated with poor prognosis and possibly also with relapse tendency. The association with poor prognosis was stronger for U-MCP-1 than for conventional markers of disease like CRP, BVAS, and ANCA, as well as compared to candidate markers like U-IgM and U-IL-8. We thus consider U-MCP-1 to have promising potential as a prognostic marker in ASVV. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - July 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Is Chronic Inflammation a Possible Cause of Obesity-Related Depression?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adult obesity has been associated with depression, especially in women. Whether depression leads to obesity or obesity causes depression is unclear. Chronic inflammation is observed in obesity and depression. In 63 obese women without additional diseases depression level was assessed with the Beck's questionnaire. After evaluation of depression level study group was divided into groups according to the mood status (A—without depression, B—mild depression, and C—severe depression), and serum concentration of TNF-α, sTNFs, leptin, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. No differences in age, body mass,...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Isolated Coronary Artery EctasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. CAE patients showed increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the controls. This study provides evidence for alterations in the proinflamatory cytokines which suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of CAE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Inflammation but Not Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Dyslipidemic SubjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. In subjects with dyslipidemia, the presence of CAD is associated with an elevation of certain inflammatory markers and carotid IMT but not with further endothelial dysfunction. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Exercise as a Mean to Control Low-Grade Systemic InflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), which include cardiovascular disease, some cancers, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. It has now become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of most CNCDs. Given that regular exercise offers protection against all causes of mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, we suggest that exercise may exert some of its beneficial health effects by inducing anti-inflammatory actions. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, de...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Reduces Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Stimulated Interleukin-6 Synthesis in Osteoblasts: Suppression of SAPK/JNKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We previously showed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), positively plays a part in the platelet-derived growth factor-BB- (PDGF-BB-) stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells while Akt and p70 S6 kinase negatively regulates the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, affects the synthesis of IL-6 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG s...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Suppressive Effect of Hydroquinone, a Benzene Metabolite, on In Vitro Inflammatory Responses Mediated by Macrophages, Monocytes, and LymphocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the inhibitory effects of hydroquinone on cytokine release, phagocytosis, NO production, ROS generation, cell-cell/cell fibronectin adhesion, and lymphocyte proliferation. We found that hydroquinone suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6], secretion of toxic molecules [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)], phagocytic uptake of FITC-labeled dextran, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, U937 cell-cell adhesion induced by CD18 and CD29, and the proliferation of lymphocytes from the bone marrow and sp...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Circulating Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) in Systemic Sclerosis Patients with Elevated Pulmonary Arterial PressureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or excess levels of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may contribute to dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In a cross-sectional study of 106 SSc patients, we measured serum levels of TIMP-4 which is preferentially expressed in cardiovascular structures and searched for correlations with simultaneously performed echocardiography measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), myocardial performance, and pulmonary function tests. TIMP-4, but not MMP-9, levels were significantly raised in patients with SSc than controls. How...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Disruption of Nrf2 Enhances Upregulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Activity, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Brain after Traumatic Brain InjuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cytoprotection against inflammation. The present study investigated the role of Nrf2 in the cerebral upregulation of NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokine, and ICAM-1 after TBI. Wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−)-deficient mice were subjected to a moderately severe weight-drop impact head injury. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to analy...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Homocysteine May Involve in the Pathogenesis of Behcet's Disease by Inducing InflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Hcy may involve in the pathogenesis of BD by inducing inflammation. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Proinflammatory Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prospects for Therapeutic InterventionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent experimental and clinical studies have placed new emphasis on the role of angiogenesis in chronic inflammatory disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are the best characterized system in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by angiogenesis. Furthermore, in addition to its angiogenic role, VEGF can act as a direct proinflammatory mediator during the pathogenesis of RA, and protect rheumatoid synoviocytes from apoptosis, which contributes to synovial hyperplasia. Therefore, the developments of synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and angiogenesis in the joints of RA patients seem to...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Postulated Role of Vasoactive Neuropeptide-Related Immunopathology of the Blood Brain Barrier and Virchow-Robin Spaces in the Aetiology of Neurological-Related ConditionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vasoactive neuropeptides (VNs) such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have critical roles as neurotransmitters, vasodilators including perfusion and hypoxia regulators, as well as immune and nociception modulators. They have key roles in blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) including maintaining functional integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood spinal barrier (BSB). VNs are potent activators of adenylate cyclase and thus also have a key role in cyclic AMP produ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Nitric Oxide Levels in Parkinson's DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). The study groups were consisted of 25 patients with PD and 25 matched healthy subjects as a control. The NO level of patients in PD group (2.3±0.4 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8±0.6 μmol/L) (P:.011). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the GH, IGF-1, and IGF BP-3 levels am...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Substance P Increases Cell-Surface Expression of CD74 (Receptor for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor): In Vivo Biotinylation of Urothelial Cell-Surface ProteinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine, and its receptor CD74 are upregulated by bladder inflammation. MIF-mediated signal transduction involves binding to cell-surface CD74, this study documents, in vivo, MIF-CD74 interactions at the urothelial cell surface. N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide biotin ester-labeled surface urothelial proteins in rats treated either with saline or substance P (SP, 40 μg/kg). The bladder was examined by histology and confocal microscopy. Biotinylated proteins were purified by avidin agarose, immunoprecipitated with anti-MIF or anti-CD74 antibodies, and d...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Interaction of Oxidative Stress Response with Cytokines in the Thyrotoxic Rat: Is There a Link?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that oxidative stress is related to cytokine response in the thyrotoxic rat. Melatonin treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage as well as TNF-alpha response. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation)
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial ActivationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we found that ketamine (100 and 250 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and IL-1β release in primary cultured microglia. However, ketamine (100 and 250 μM) did not significantly inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α production in microglia, except at the higher concentration (500 μM). Further study of the molecular mechanisms revealed that ketamine markedly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulated by LPS i...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Association of Plasma Circulatory Markers, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Coronary Artery Disease Patients of IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plasma inflammatory markers have been shown to be predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, there is no study where the levels of plasma circulatory markers have been evaluated in coronary artery disease patients (CAD pts) positive for C. pneumoniae IgA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) which may help in better understanding of disease pathogenesis. A total of 192 patients and 192 controls attending the Cardiology Outpatient Department of Safdarjung Hospital were enrolled. The levels of plasma circulatory inflammatory markers were evaluated by ELISA. The levels of circulatory plasma markers (IL-4, IL-8, IL-1...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Effect of Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery on Inflammatory Reaction and Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the alteration of inflammatory and endothelium dysfunction markers before and after LEBS in DM patients. Twenty one type 2 DM patients with LEBS were included. Blood was drawn before and at 1 day and 7 days after surgery in the patients. Plasma soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels and blood leukocyte integrin expressions were measured. Also, plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide were analyzed to evaluate the vascular endothelial function. The results showed that there were no significant differences in plasma cellular adhesion molecules, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, no...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Influence of Epinastine Hydrochloride, an H1-Receptor Antagonist, on the Function of Mite Allergen-Pulsed Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In VivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is established concept that dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in the development of allergic immune responses. However, the influence of H1 receptor antagonists on DC functions is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of epinastine hydrochloride (EP), the most notable histamine H1 receptor antagonists in Japan, on Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f)-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in vivo. EP at more than 25 ng/mL could significantly inhibit the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 from Der f-pulsed DCs, which was increased by Der f challenge in ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Efficacy of Clopidrogel on Reperfusion and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Acute Myocardial InfarctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the effects of clopidogrel on reperfusion and inflammatory process in STEMI. A total of 175 STEMI patients with similar clinical characteristics were included to this study. One was the standard pharmacological reperfusion therapy group (group 1, n : 90), who received 300 mg aspirin, 70 U/kg bolus, and 12 U/kg/hr continuous infusion of unfractioned heparin and accelerated t-PA. Clopidogrel 450 mg loading and 75 mg/d thereafter was added to standard reperfusion therapy in the other group (group 2, n : 85). The ST-segment resolution, CK-MB, and high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) pa...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

The Renin-Angiotensin System Modulates Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis: Evidence from Basic Research and Clinical StudiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system is a crucial player in atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its first description of the main mechanism involved. Vasoconstriction (mediated by angiotensin II) and salt and water retention (mainly due to aldosterone) were classically considered as pivotal proatherosclerotic activities. However, basic research and animal studies strongly support angiotensin II as a proinflammatory mediator, which directly induces atherosclerotic plaque development and heart remodeling. Furthermore, angiotensin II induces proatheroscle...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals

Modulation of CXC Chemokine Receptor Expression and Function in Human Neutrophils during Aging In Vitro Suggests a Role in Their Clearance from CirculationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In mice, differential regulation of CXC chemokine receptor expression in circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) undergoing senescence results in homing to the bone marrow. However, the role of this compartment and of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is still under discussion, and only scarce data exist about CXCR4 function in human PMN. In our study, we provide evidence that also in human neutrophils, expression (cell surface and mRNA), chemotactic and signaling functions of the homing-related chemokine receptor CXCR4 are upregulated during aging in vitro, independent of addition of stimulatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, ...
Source: Mediators of Inflammation - June 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: journals