Detection of osteoarthritis using acoustic emission analysis
Previous studies indicated that Acoustic Emission Analysis (AEA) can detect osteoarthritis OA earlier than other techniques [1 –4]. In principle, AEA measures acoustic emissions (AE) produced by any material under load or strain. Lesions, e.g., in cartilage, lead to characteristical alterations in the AE during load [1–5]. These emissions can be detected and interpreted for diagnosis. AEA has the potential for the early diagnosis of OA, e.g., at stages, when cartilage regeneration is still possible [6–9], but the assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of AEA is necessary. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 23, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: J. Kiselev, B. Ziegler, H.J. Schwalbe, R.P. Franke, U. Wolf Tags: Communication Source Type: research
Determination of local micromotion at the stem-neck taper junction of a bi-modular total hip prosthesis design
Numerous retrieval studies have documented clinical failure of modular total hip arthroplasties following corrosion and material loss [1, –3]. Metal debris from corroding taper junctions released into the periprosthetic tissue of the patient's body leads to elevated serum metal ion levels. These can potentially trigger various symptoms including pseudo-tumour formation [4,5], osteolysis [6] or substantial soft-tissue necrosis [7], c ausing severe pain followed by implant instability and therefore requiring revision surgery. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Adrian Falkenberg, Paul Drummen, Michael M. Morlock, Gerd Huber Source Type: research
Assessing the feasibility of adaptive planning for prostate radiotherapy using Smartadapt deformable image registration
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in the UK [1]. According to Cancer Research UK statistics, 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime [2]. External beam radiotherapy is one treatment option available to patients. In our department, RapidArc, which is the Varian implementation of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) developed by Otto [3], is used to treat prostate patients. However, prostate cancer presents several challenges such as inter-and intra-fractional variations in patient set-up and anatomy. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 21, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Virginia Marin Anaya, Jamie Fairfoul Source Type: research
Experimental investigations of drilling temperature of high-energy ultrasonically assisted bone drilling
Bone drilling is a basic operation widely used in orthopedic surgery. During bone drilling, heat is generated by the friction between the bone and the drill bit, and also the plastic deformation of the bone material. Due to the low thermal conductivity of bone tissue (in the range of 0.2 –2.27 W/mK) [1], the heat of bone drilling is difficult to spread quickly. This results in a relatively high temperature of the drilling part of the bone. Excessive heat generation in bone drilling process can cause necrosis or even osteomyelitis of the bone tissue, which will adversely influenc e the operation and the postoperative re...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 18, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zhibin Sun, Yu Wang, Ke Xu, Gang Zhou, Chendi Liang, Junda Qu Source Type: research
Simplified parametric models of the dielectric properties of brain and muscle tissue during electrical stimulation
Modeling the electric field induced during electrical stimulation is a vital component in understanding how electrical stimulation of nerves can modulate activity of the nervous system. Over the past several decades, it has provided insight into the various effects of electrode geometry, tissue electrical properties and neural response across a range of application areas. In the majority of modelling studies both to assess the efficacy of electrical stimulation and to simulate bioelectric signals, it is assumed that capacitive, inductive and propagation effects can be neglected [1], a simplification known as the quasi-stat...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 16, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Peadar F. Grant, Madeleine M. Lowery Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Artificial neural networks in the selection of shoe lasts for people with mild diabetes
Foot ulceration is one of the many complications associated with diabetes. Design of bespoke footwear is a basic requirement for patients with diabetic foot problems. Diabetic patients often suffer from foot infections that can lead to foot ulcers, infections, gangrene, or amputation. At least 15% of diabetic patients will suffer from a foot ulcer at least once in their lifetime, which accounts for 50% of all cases of limb amputation without injury [1]. Diabetic foot ulcers result from nerve infection and/or ischemic blood vessels, with approximately 65% of foot ulcers triggered by nerve issues. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 14, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chung-Chuan Wang, Ching-Hu Yang, Chung-Shing Wang, Dandan Xu, Bo-Shin Huang Source Type: research
Operative and radiographic acetabular component orientation in total hip replacement: Influence of pelvic orientation and surgical positioning technique
Current survivorship of a primary total hip replacement (THR) exceeds 90% at ten years [1]. Despite this success, negative outcomes such as dislocation [2] and wear [3] persist. Mal-alignment of the implanted acetabular component is one factor that has been implicated [3 –5]. Great variability in acetabular component orientation is currently observed from post-operative radiographs [6–8]. A number of factors contribute to this variation with the most important being intra-operative pelvic orientation [9–10]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 9, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Megan Rutherford, John D. O'Connor, Harinderjit S. Gill, Janet Hill, David Beverland, Alex B. Lennon, Nicholas J. Dunne Source Type: research
A stability-based model of a growing spine with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A combination of musculoskeletal and finite element approaches
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by three-dimensional axial rotation and lateral curvature of the spine, and is the most common type of spine deformity in adolescents ranging from age 10 to 18 years [1,2]. A medical follow-up every 4 –6 months is suggested for AIS patients [3]. There have been a number of passive, i.e. devoid of muscles, finite element (FE) models developed to simulate a growing spine with AIS [4–7]. For instance, the effects of multi-axial stresses on deformation of spinal motion segments of an adolescent h ave been investigated using both energy-based and Stokes’ growth models...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 9, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zeinab Kamal, Gholamreza Rouhi, Navid Arjmand, Samer Adeeb Source Type: research
Same day cerebral perfusion and dopamine transporter imaging for differential diagnosis of cerebral impairment
When cognitive impairment is first evident it can be difficult to distinguish between different conditions, such as idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, which exhibit shared symptoms such as rigidity, tremor, issues with speech or gait disturbance [1]. When Lewy body dementia is suspected, imaging both cerebral perfusion and dopamine transporter function can eliminate other possible conditions (idiopathic Parkinson's disease, cerebral vascular disease, Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia) [2]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 9, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Thomas J. Biggans Source Type: research
The accuracy of rapid treadmill-belt movements as a means to deliver standing postural perturbations
In previous studies, rapid treadmill-belt translations have been used to induce falls in standing or walking participants. Such studies have shed light on the factors that influence fall-recovery success [1 –3], as well as the effects of age [4], obesity [5], or neuromuscular impairment [6] on fall recovery. In turn, treadmill-delivered perturbations have led to objective assessments of fall recovery [7], as well as interventions to reduce falls and enable mobility [8–16]. In order to support the v alidity and reliability of these approaches, the accuracy and precision of such treadmill-belt perturbations must be quant...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 9, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Jeremy R. Crenshaw, Kathie A. Bernhardt, Emma Fortune, Kenton R. Kaufman Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Review of 2018
I write this editorial for the Journal on the anniversary of its launch as the Journal of Biomedical Engineering, in January, 1979, by founding editor W.J. (Jack) Perkins and the president of the Biological Engineering Society, H.A.F. Dudley, as the official journal of the Society and for the benefit of the wider biomedical engineering profession. In the four decades since, the reputation and reach of the Journal have grown, with me and the editorial team now processing around 700 submissions a year, on average, from authors based all over the world; of those accepted for publication, most originate from Europe and North A...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 1, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Richard A. Black (PhD CSci CEng FIMechE FIPEM) Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Reviewers 2018
(Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 1, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
The ionic contribution of proteoglycans to mechanical stiffness of the meniscus
The menisci of the knee, historically thought of as vestigial remnants [1], are now understood to play a critical role in load transmission across the knee [2 –4]. Histologically, the water content of the meniscus is estimated at 74% whilst the remaining dry weight is 75% collagen. Collagen fibres are arranged circumferentially in deeper layers of the tissue and tangentially in superficial layers [5]. Load transmitted to the meniscus is resisted by the firm ligamentous attachments of the menisci to bone, generating circumferential tensile (hoop) stresses in the aforementioned circumferential collagen fibres [5,6]. (Sourc...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 27, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Fahd Mahmood, Jon Clarke, Philip Riches Source Type: research
Reconstruction of body motion during self-reported losses of balance in community-dwelling older adults
Losses of balance, LOBs, defined as events where balance is lost momentarily but recovered, are more common than falls and are closely linked to falls and fall injuries. LOBs have long been identified as common, occurring at least once over a three week period in 35% of community older adults [1]. Trips and slips are major risk factors for falls in older adults and can lead to injury including fracture [2 –4]. Multiple stumbles and missteps also increase the risk for falls [5,6]. In laboratory settings, it has been demonstrated that the inability to recover from a LOB is an independent predictor of a future fall [7]. (So...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Lauro V. Ojeda, Peter G. Adamczyk, John R. Rebula, Linda V. Nyquist, Debra M. Strasburg, Neil B. Alexander Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Beam selection for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy using Cyberknife with multileaf collimation
The Cyberknife system (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) includes a multileaf collimator (MLC), which allows maximal flexibility in field shaping and fewer monitor units in stereotactic radiosurgery than with a cone collimator [1,2]. The MLC consists of 26 leaf pairs, each of width 3.85 mm, giving a maximum field size of 115 mm × 100 mm at a nominal source-axis distance of 800 mm. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: James L. Bedford, Peter Ziegenhein, Simeon Nill, Uwe Oelfke Source Type: research
