Role of the STING pathway in myeloid neoplasms: a prospero-registered systematic review of principal hurdles of STING on the road to the clinical practice
AbstractMyeloid neoplasms are a group of bone marrow diseases distinguished by disruptions in the molecular pathways that regulate the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and the generation of specialized cells. Cytokines and chemokines, two important components of the inflammatory process, also influence hematological differentiation. In this scenario, immunological dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of bone marrow neoplasms. The STING pathway recognizes DNA fragments in the cell cytoplasm and triggers an immune response by type I interferons. The role of STING in cancer has not ...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 24, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A new vision of the efficacy of both CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases
AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) based therapies are becoming increasingly important in treating patients. CAR-T cells have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, harmful therapeutic barriers have been identified, such as the potential for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), neurotoxicity, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). As a result, CAR NK-cell therapy is expected to be a new therapeutic option. NK cells act as cytotoxic lymphocytes, supporting the innate immune response against autoimmune diseases and cancer cells by precisely detecting and eliminating maligna...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 24, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and thymoquinone induce apoptosis and alteration in mitochondria in colorectal cancer cells
This study aimed to determine the roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate agonists and Thymoquinone on mitochondria and apoptosis. HT-29 cells were treated with different TQ and MK-801 concentrations. We analyzed cell viability, apoptosis, and alteration of mitochondria. Cell viability significantly decreased depending on doses of TQ and MK-801. Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by low and high doses of TQ and MK-801. Our study emphasizes the need for further safety evaluation of MK-801 due to the potential toxicity risk of TQ and MK-801. Optimal and toxic doses of TQ and MK-801 were determined for the treatment of co...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Ferroptosis is an effective strategy for cancer therapy
AbstractFerroptosis is a form of intracellular iron-dependent cell death that differs from necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis. Intracellular iron mediates Fenton reaction resulting in lipid peroxidation production, which in turn promotes cell death. Although cancer cell exhibit ’s ability to escape ferroptosis by multiple pathways such as SLC7A11, GPX4, induction of ferroptosis could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In tumor microenvironment, ferroptosis could affect immune cell (T cells, macrophages etc.) activity, which in turn regulates tumor immune escape. In addition, ferroptosis in cancer c...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Comprehensive review of the repositioning of non-oncologic drugs for cancer immunotherapy
AbstractDrug repositioning or repurposing has gained worldwide attention as a plausible way to search for novel molecules for the treatment of particular diseases or disorders. Drug repurposing essentially refers to uncovering approved or failed compounds for use in various diseases. Cancer is a deadly disease and leading cause of mortality. The search for approved non-oncologic drugs for cancer treatment involved in silico modeling, databases, and literature searches. In this review, we provide a concise account of the existing non-oncologic drug molecules and their therapeutic potential in chemotherapy. The mechanisms an...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Challenges and strategies in relation to effective CAR-T cell immunotherapy for solid tumors
AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but its application to solid tumors is limited. CAR-T cells have poor incapability of entering, surviving, proliferating, and finally exerting function in the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the main strategies related to enhancing the infiltration, efficacy, antigen recognition, and production of CAR-T in solid tumors. Additional applications of CAR- γδ T and macrophages are also discussed. We believe CAR-T will be a milestone in treating solid tumors once these problems are solved. (Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Anti-cancer potential of zerumbone in cancer and glioma: current trends and future perspectives
AbstractPlant-derived immunomodulators and antitumor factors have appealed lots of attention from natural product scientists for their efficiency and safety and their important contribution to well-designed targeted drug action and delivery mechanisms. Zerumbone (ZER), the chief component ofZingiber zerumbet rhizomes, has been examined for its wide-spectrum in the treatment of multi-targeted diseases. The rhizomes have been used as food flavoring agents in numerous cuisines and in flora medication. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments have prepared confirmation of ZER as a potent immunomodulator as well as a potential...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Correction to: Gingerol and/or sorafenib attenuates the DAB-induced HCC and hepatic portal vein dilatation via ATG4/CASP3 and COIIV/COX-2/NF- κB expression
(Source: Medical Oncology)
Source: Medical Oncology - April 22, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
FTO promotes gastric cancer progression by modulating MAP4K4 expression via demethylation in an m6A-dependent manner
AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a serious malignant tumour with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a crucial regulatory role in cancer progression. However, the exact role of m6A regulatory factors FTO in GC is unclear. First, the expression of m6A methylation-related regulatory factors in clinical samples and the clinical data of the corresponding patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-STAD) dataset, and correlation analysis between FTO expression and patient clinicopathological parameters was subsequently...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 20, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Identification of small molecule inhibitors against Lin28/let-7 to suppress tumor progression and its alleviation role in LIN28-dependent glucose metabolism
AbstractThe reciprocal suppression of an RNA-binding protein LIN28 (human abnormal cell lineage 28) and miRNA Let-7 (Lethal 7) is considered to have a prime role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Though targeting this inhibition interaction is effective for therapeutics, it causes other unfavorable effects on glucose metabolism and increased insulin resistance. Hence, this study aims to identify small molecules targeting Lin28/let-7 interaction along with additional potency to improve insulin sensitivity. Of 22,14,996 small molecules screened by high throughput virtual screening, 6 molecules, namely 41354, 1558, 12437, 23...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The role of SWI/SNF complexes in digestive system neoplasms
AbstractChromatin remodeling is a critical step in the DNA damage response, and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are a group of epigenetic regulators that alter nucleosome assembly and regulate transcription factor accessibility to DNA, preventing genomic instability and tumorigenesis caused by DNA damage. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is one of them, and mutations in the gene encoding the SWI/SNF subunit are frequently found in digestive tumors. We review the most recent literature on the role of SWI/SNF complexes in digestive tumorigenesis, with different SWI/SNF subunits playing different roles. They re...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Chlordiazepoxide against signalling, receptor and regulatory proteins of breast cancer: a structure-based in-silico approach
In this study, we included four crucial proteins that perform signalling, receptor, and regulatory action, namely- NUDIX Hydrolases, Dihydrofolate Reductase, HER2/neu Kinase and EGFR and performed multitargeted molecular docking studies against human-approved drugs using HTVS, SP and extra precise algorithms and filtered the poses with MM\GBSA, suggested a benzodiazepine derivative chlordiazepoxide, used as an anxiolytic agent, can be a multitargeted inhibitor with docking and MM\GBSA score ranging from − 4.628 to − 7.877 and − 18.59 to − 135.86 kcal/mol, respectively, and the most interacted residues were 6ARG, 6G...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Liver cancer wars: plant-derived polyphenols strike back
AbstractLiver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and m...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 16, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma
AbstractBacopa monnieri (L) Wettst, commonly known as Brahmi, stands as a medicinal plant integral to India ’s traditional medical system, Ayurveda, where it is recognized as a “medhya rasayana”—a botanical entity believed to enhance intellect and mental clarity. Its significant role in numerous Ayurvedic formulations designed to address conditions such as anxiety, memory loss, impaired cognition, and diminished concentration underscores its prominence. Beyond its application in cognitive health, Brahmi has historically been employed in Ayurvedic practices for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including arthr...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 15, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Dual function of activated PPAR γ by ligands on tumor growth and immunotherapy
AbstractAs one of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) members, PPAR γ is a ligand binding and activated nuclear hormone receptor, which is an important regulator in metabolism, proliferation, tumor progression, and immune response. Increased evidence suggests that activation of PPARγ in response to ligands inhibits multiple types of cancer proliferation, metastasi s, and tumor growth and induces cell apoptosis including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. Conversely, some reports suggest that activation of PPARγ is associated with tumor growth. In addition to regulating tumo...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 15, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
