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Hybridization in Endophyte Symbionts Alters Host Response to Moisture and Nutrient Treatments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When a host organism is infected by a symbiont, the resulting symbiotum has a phenotype distinct from uninfected hosts. Genotypic interactions between the partners may increase phenotypic variation of the host at the population level. Neotyphodium is an asexual, vertically transmitted endophytic symbiont of grasses often existing in hybrid form. Hybridization in Neotyphodium rapidly increases the symbiotum's genomic content and is likely to increase the phenotypic variation of the host. This phenotypic variation is predicted to enhance host performance, especially in stressful environments. We tested this hypothesis by...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hamilton CE, Dowling TE, Faeth SH Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

East Tibetan Lakes Harbour Novel Clusters of Picocyanobacteria as Inferred from the 16S-23S rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Planktonic picocyanobacteria abundance and diversity were investigated in nine lakes on the East Tibetan Plateau spanning a salinity gradient of 0.4-22.6 g l(-1). The investigation was conducted using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR amplicons followed by sequence analyses of large ITS clone libraries of seven selected samples. EFM showed that picocyanobacteria comprised 7-19% of the total prokaryotic cells found in surface water. Most of the clones were classified into six clusters and grouped within the "pico...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wu QL, Xing P, Liu WT Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Susceptibility to Antibiotics of Vibrio sp. AO1 Growing in Pure Culture or in Association with its Hydroid Host Aglaophenia octodonta (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility to antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, or co-trimoxazole = mix of sulfamethoxazole and trimetoprim) of Vibrio sp. AO1 growing in pure culture or in association with its hydroid host by using microcosm experiments. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments demonstrated that Vibrio sp. AO1 was highly resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin in pure culture. Nevertheless, these antibiotics, when used at sub-MIC values, significantly reduced the hydroid fluorescence. Co-trimoxazole showed the highest inhibitory effect on fluorescence of A. o...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Stabili L, Gravili C, Boero F, Tredici SM, Alifano P Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Effect of the Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa on Bacterial Diversity in Soil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our results suggest that some specific bacterial taxonomic groups maintain their diversity and even increase their relative numbers during transit through the gastrointestinal tract of earthworms. PMID: 19888626 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbial Ecology)
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nechitaylo TY, Yakimov MM, Godinho M, Timmis KN, Belogolova E, Byzov BA, Kurakov AV, Jones DL, Golyshin PN Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Microbial Diversity in Uranium Mining-Impacted Soils as Revealed by High-Density 16S Microarray and Clone Library.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microbial diversity was characterized in mining-impacted soils collected from two abandoned uranium mine sites, the Edgemont and the North Cave Hills, South Dakota, using a high-density 16S microarray (PhyloChip) and clone libraries. Characterization of the elemental compositions of soils by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy revealed higher metal contamination including uranium at the Edgemont than at the North Cave Hills mine site. Microarray data demonstrated extensive phylogenetic diversity in soils and confirmed nearly all clone-detected taxonomic levels. Additionally, the microarray exhibited greater diversity than ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rastogi G, Osman S, Vaishampayan PA, Andersen GL, Stetler LD, Sani RK Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

On the Distinction Between Lag and Delay in Population Growth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The analysis and results presented in this paper provide conclusive evidence to distinguish between the delay effect and the lag as two biologically distinct phenomena. It therefore dispels the incorrect notion that delay effects represented by delay differential equations are the biological reason behind the lag phase in microorganism growth. The resulting consequence so far is that the only other reason for the lag phase is the existence of unstable stationary states. The latter are a result of accounting for the microbial metabolic mass transfer in the population growth process. PMID: 19888628 [PubMed - as suppl...
Source: Microbial Ecology - November 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vadasz P, Vadasz AS Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Methanol as the Primary Methanogenic and Acetogenic Precursor in the Cold Zoige Wetland at Tibetan Plateau.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the contribution of the two substances to methanogenesis and the conversion in Zoige wetland were analyzed. It was determined that methanol supported the highest CH(4) formation rate in the enrichments of the soil grown with Eleocharis valleculosa, and even higher at 15 degrees C than at 30 degrees C; while hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was higher at 30 degrees C. Both methanol- and acetate-using methanogens were counted at the highest (10(7) g(-1)) in the soil, whereas methanol-using acetogens (10(8) g(-1)) were ten times more abundant than either methanol- or acetate-using methanogens. Both methanol and ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jiang N, Wang Y, Dong X Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Are Biological Effects of Desert Shrubs More Important than Physical Effects on Soil Microorganisms?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vegetation cover plays a major role in providing organic matter and in acting as a physical barrier, with both together contributing to the formation of "fertile islands," which play an active role in prolonging biological activity in desert ecosystems. By undertaking this study, a long-term research, we designed an experiment to separate the two components-the physical and biotic parts of the perennial plants-and to identify the factor that contributes the most to the ecosystem. The study site was located in the northern Negev Desert, Israel, where 50 Hammada scoparia shrubs and 50 artificial plants were randomly mark...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Berg N, Steinberger Y Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Microbial Community Structure, Pigment Composition, and Nitrogen Source of Red Snow in Antarctica.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
"Red snow" refers to red-colored snow, caused by bloom of cold-adapted phototrophs, so-called snow algae. The red snow found in Langhovde, Antarctica, was investigated from several viewpoints. Various sizes of rounded red cells were observed in the red snow samples under microscopy. Pigment analysis demonstrated accumulation of astaxanthin in the red snow. Community structure of microorganisms was analyzed by culture-independent methods. In the analyses of small subunit rRNA genes, several species of green algae, fungus, and various phylotypes of bacteria were detected. The detected bacteria were closely related to psy...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fujii M, Takano Y, Kojima H, Hoshino T, Tanaka R, Fukui M Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Resolution of Phenotypically Distinct Strains of Enterococcus spp. in a Complex Microbial Community Using cpn60 Universal Target Sequencing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report changes in the structure and function of Enterococcus communities in pig feces sampled from individual animals at three times, from suckling through to maturity. Enterococcus faecalis was largely replaced by Enterococcus hirae between suckling and 9 weeks of age, and a shift from one sub-species group of E. hirae to another was observed in all animals between 9 and 15 weeks. Conversely, E. faecalis strains remained consistent throughout the study period. Our results demonstrate that cpn60 sequences can be used to detect strain level changes in Enterococcus populations during succession in the fecal microbiota of ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vermette CJ, Russell AH, Desai AR, Hill JE Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Sialic Acid-Containing Lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella O48 Strains-Potential Role in Camouflage and Susceptibility to the Bactericidal Effect of Normal Human Serum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the mechanisms of complement activation responsible for killing Salmonella O48 serum-sensitive rods by NHS were established. Four of such mechanisms involving pathways, which are important in the bactericidal mechanism of complement activation, were distinguished: only the classical/lectin pathways, independent activation of the classical/lectin or alternative pathway, parallel activation of the classical/lectin and alternative pathways, and only the alternative pathway important in the bactericidal action of human serum. To further study the role of NeuAc, its content in bacterial cells was determined by ga...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bugla-Płoskońska G, Rybka J, Futoma-Kołoch B, Cisowska A, Gamian A, Doroszkiewicz W Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Prebiotics GroBiotic(R)-A, Inulin, Mannanoligosaccharide, and Galactooligosaccharide on the Digestive Microbiota and Performance of Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two separate experiments were conducted with hybrid striped bass to evaluate four potential prebiotics: GroBiotic(R)-A (partially autolyzed brewer's yeast, dairy ingredient components, and fermentation products), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin. In the in vitro experiment, intestinal contents were incubated with the individual prebiotics (0.5% by weight) at 25 degrees C for 24 and 48 h. Analysis of volatile fatty acids in the supernatant showed that GroBiotic(R)-A, MOS, and GOS tended to produce lower acetate levels but higher butyrate levels at 48 h compared to diet alone. However...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Burr G, Hume M, Ricke S, Nisbet D, Gatlin D Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Microbial Protein in Soil: Influence of Extraction Method and C Amendment on Extraction and Recovery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The capacity to study the content and resolve the dynamics of the proteome of diverse microbial communities would help to revolutionize the way microbiologists study the function and activity of microorganisms in soil. To better understand the limitations of a proteomic approach to studying soil microbial communities, we characterized extractable soil microbial proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two methods were utilized to extract proteins from microorganisms residing in a Quitman and Benfield soil: (1) direct extraction of bulk protein from soil and (2) separation of ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Taylor EB, Williams MA Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Joint Dispersal Does Not Imply Maintenance of Partnerships in Lichen Symbioses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dispersal of symbiotic partners by joint propagules is considered as an efficient strategy to maintain successful associations and to circumvent low symbiont availability. Joint dispersal is widespread in diverse symbioses and a particularly common reproductive mode in lichens. We were interested in the implications of joint symbiont dispersal on population genetic structure and investigated patterns of symbiont association in populations of two closely related lichen species in the genus Physconia, with similar range of compatible algal partners. One of the lichen species is characterized by joint dispersal of both sy...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wornik S, Grube M Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

On the Origins of a Vibrio Species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thirty-two genome sequences of various Vibrionaceae members are compared, with emphasis on what makes V. cholerae unique. As few as 1,000 gene families are conserved across all the Vibrionaceae genomes analysed; this fraction roughly doubles for gene families conserved within the species V. cholerae. Of these, approximately 200 gene families that cluster on various locations of the genome are not found in other sequenced Vibrionaceae; these are possibly unique to the V. cholerae species. By comparing gene family content of the analysed genomes, the relatedness to a particular species is identified for two unspeciated g...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vesth T, Wassenaar TM, Hallin PF, Snipen L, Lagesen K, Ussery DW Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Intraspecific Variation and Interspecific Differences in the Bacterial and Fungal Assemblages of Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tit (Parus major) Nests.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although interest in the relationship between birds and microorganisms is increasing, few studies have compared nest microbial assemblages in wild passerines to determine variation within and between species. Culturing microorganisms from blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tit (Parus major) nests from the same study site demonstrated diverse microbial communities with 32 bacterial and 13 fungal species being isolated. Dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and Staphylococcus hyicus. Also common in the nests were the keratinolytic bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis. Do...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Goodenough AE, Stallwood B Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Relationship Between Soil Properties and Patterns of Bacterial beta-diversity Across Reclaimed and Natural Boreal Forest Soils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Productivity gradients in the boreal forest are largely determined by regional-scale changes in soil conditions, and bacterial communities are likely to respond to these changes. Few studies, however, have examined how variation in specific edaphic properties influences the composition of soil bacterial communities along environmental gradients. We quantified bacterial compositional diversity patterns in ten boreal forest sites of contrasting fertility. Bulk soil (organic and mineral horizons) was sampled from sites representing two extremes of a natural moisture-nutrient gradient and two distinct disturbance types, on...
Source: Microbial Ecology - October 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dimitriu PA, Grayston SJ Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Linkage Between Bacterial Carbon Processing and the Structure of the Active Bacterial Community at a Coastal Site in the NW Mediterranean Sea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The temporal dynamics in bulk bacterial parameters and in the richness of the total and active bacterial community, determined from CE-SSCP fingerprints of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA transcripts, respectively, were followed weekly to bimonthly at an oligotrophic coastal site in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Bacterial abundance, bacterial heterotrophic production, and bacterial and community respiration determined over two seasonal cycles displayed large short-term variability and no pronounced temporal pattern was detectable for these parameters. Concentrations in inorganic nutrients, salinity, or concentrations of chloro...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Obernosterer I, Lami R, Larcher M, Batailler N, Catala P, Lebaron P Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Bacterial Community Structure of Sediments of the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia), a Southern Mediterranean Coastal Anthropized Lagoon.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to estimate how pollution affects the bacterial community structure and composition of sediments, chemical and molecular approaches were combined to investigate eight stations around the Bizerte lagoon. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes revealed that each station was characterized by a specific bacterial community structure. The combination of this data with those of chemical analysis showed a correlation between the bacterial fingerprint and the pollutant content, principally with hydrocarbon pollution. The composition of the bacterial communit...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ben Said O, Goñi-Urriza M, El Bour M, Aissa P, Duran R Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Frankia and Alnus rubra Canopy Roots: An Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Propagule Availability, and Effects on Soil Nitrogen.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ecological importance of microbial symbioses in terrestrial soils is widely recognized, but their role in soils that accumulate in forest canopies is almost entirely unknown. To address this gap, this study investigated the Frankia-Alnus rubra symbiosis in canopy and forest floor roots at Olympic National Park, WA, USA. Sixteen mature A. rubra trees were surveyed and Frankia genetic diversity in canopy and forest floor nodules was assessed with sequence-based nifH analyses. A seedling bioassay experiment was conducted to determine Frankia propagule availability in canopy and forest floor soils. Total soil nitrogen ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kennedy PG, Schouboe JL, Rogers RH, Weber MG, Nadkarni NM Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Francisella novicida Forms In Vitro Biofilms Mediated by an Orphan Response Regulator.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Francisella tularensis is associated with water and waterways and infects many species of animals, insects, and protists. The mechanism Francisella utilizes to persist in the environment and in tick vectors is currently unknown. We have demonstrated for the first time that Francisella novicida, a model organism of F. tularensis, forms a biofilm in vitro. Selected F. novicida transposon mutants were tested for their ability to form biofilm compared to the wildtype F. novicida strain. Mutation of the putative qseB gene led to an impairment in the ability to form biofilm with no impairment in bacterial growth. A qseC muta...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Durham-Colleran MW, Verhoeven AB, van Hoek ML Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Seasonal and Episodic Lake Mixing Stimulate Differential Planktonic Bacterial Dynamics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Yuan Yang Lake (YYL), Taiwan, experiences both winter and typhoon-initiated mixing, and each type of mixing event is characterized by contrasting environmental conditions. Previous work suggested that after typhoon mixing, bacterial communities in YYL reset to a pioneer composition and then follow a predictable trajectory of change until the next typhoon. Our goal was to continue this investigation by observing bacterial community change after a range of mixing intensities, including seasonal winter mixing. We fingerprinted aquatic bacterial communities in the epilimnion and hypolimnion using automated ribosomal interg...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shade A, Chiu CY, McMahon KD Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Long-Term Phosphorus Fertilization Impacts Soil Fungal and Bacterial Diversity but not AM Fungal Community in Alfalfa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Soil function may be affected by cropping practices impacting the soil microbial community. The effect of different phosphorus (P) fertilization rates (0, 20, or 40 kg P(2)O(5) ha(-1)) on soil microbial diversity was studied in 8-year-old alfalfa monocultures. The hypothesis that P fertilization modifies soil microbial community was tested using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) profiling to describe soil bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi diversity. Soil parameters related to fertility (soil phosphate flux, soluble P, moisture, phosphatase and dehydrogenase...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Beauregard MS, Hamel C, Atul-Nayyar , St-Arnaud M Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter and Invertebrates on the Function of Microbial Films in Groundwater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19756848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbial Ecology)
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cooney TJ, Simon KS Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Nonrandom Assembly of Bacterial Populations in Activated Sludge Flocs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this work was to investigate the dynamics of assembly of bacterial populations in activated sludge flocs. We approached this question by following the development of active bacterial populations during floc development in four replicated lab-scale activated sludge reactors, in which solid retention time (SRT) was set at 4 days. The null hypothesis was that the similarities in community composition could be accounted for by the probability that the same organisms occur in more than one replicated reactor. Microscopic imaging showed that the size of flocs in reactors with biomass retention increased during the...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ayarza JM, Guerrero LD, Erijman L Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Relationship of Atmospheric Pollution Characterized by Gas (NO(2)) and Particles (PM10) to Microbial Communities Living in Bryophytes at Three Differently Polluted Sites (Rural, Urban, and Industrial).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Atmospheric pollution has become a major problem for modern societies owing to its fatal effects on both human health and ecosystems. We studied the relationships of nitrogen dioxide atmospheric pollution and metal trace elements contained in atmospheric particles which were accumulated in bryophytes to microbial communities of bryophytes at three differently polluted sites in France (rural, urban, and industrial) over an 8-month period. The analysis of bryophytes showed an accumulation of Cr and Fe at the rural site; Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, and Pb at the urban site; and Fe, Cr, Pb, Al, Sr, Cu, and Zn at the industrial sit...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Meyer C, Gilbert D, Gaudry A, Franchi M, Nguyen-Viet H, Fabure J, Bernard N Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Associations Among Rhizobial Chromosomal Background, nod Genes, and Host Plants Based on the Analysis of Symbiosis of Indigenous Rhizobia and Wild Legumes Native to Xinjiang.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The associations among rhizobia chromosomal background, nodulation genes, legume plants, and geographical regions are very attractive but still unclear. To address this question, we analyzed the interactions among rhizobia rDNA genotypes, nodC genotypes, legume genera, as well as geographical regions in the present study. Complex relationships were observed among them, which may be the genuine nature of their associations. The statistical analyses indicate that legume plant is the key factor shaping both rhizobia genetic and symbiotic diversity. In the most cases of our results, the nodC lineages are clearly associated...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 3, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Han TX, Tian CF, Wang ET, Chen WX Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Structural Changes and Cellular Localization of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor in Environmental Isolates of Micrococcus luteus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we characterized a number of environmental isolates of M. luteus, including several recovered from amber. There was substantial variation in the predicted rpf gene product. While the lysozyme-like and LysM domains showed little variation, the linker region was elongated from ten amino acid residues in the laboratory strains to as many as 120 residues in one isolate. The genes encoding these Rpf proteins have been characterized, and a possible role for the Rpf linker in environmental adaptation is proposed. The environmental isolates show enhanced resistance to lysozyme as compared with the laboratory strain...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Koltunov V, Greenblatt CL, Goncharenko AV, Demina GR, Klein BY, Young M, Kaprelyants AS Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Evolutional and Geographical Relationships of Bartonella grahamii Isolates from Wild Rodents by Multi-locus Sequencing Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19727928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbial Ecology)
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Inoue K, Kabeya H, Kosoy MY, Bai Y, Smirnov G, McColl D, Artsob H, Maruyama S Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

What Genomic Sequence Information Has Revealed About Vibrio Ecology in the Ocean-A Review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, the genomes of eight Vibrio strains representing six species and three human pathogens have been fully sequenced and reported. This review compares genomic information revealed from these sequencing efforts and what we can infer about Vibrio biology and ecology from this and related genomic information. The focus of the review is on those attributes that allow the Vibrios to survive and even proliferate in their ocean habitats, which include seawater, plankton, invertebrates, fish, marine mammals, plants, man-made structures (surfaces), and particulate matter. Areas covered include general information about th...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Grimes DJ, Johnson CN, Dillon KS, Flowers AR, Noriea NF, Berutti T Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Bacterial Community Diversity in Undisturbed Perhumid Montane Forest Soils in Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in three topographic sites (summit, foot slope, and lakeshore) from subtropical montane forest ecosystem in Taiwan were examined by using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. This locality is temperate, perhumid, and has low soil acidity (pH < 4), which is an uncommon ecosystem in a monsoonal part of Southeast Asia. A total of 481 clones were sequenced and placed into ten phylogenetic groups according to their similarities to type strains of described organisms. Toposequence of the transect was investigated from summit to foot slope and at the lakeshore. M...
Source: Microbial Ecology - September 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lin YT, Huang YJ, Tang SL, Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Chiu CY Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Changes in Community Structure of Sediment Bacteria Along the Florida Coastal Everglades Marsh-Mangrove-Seagrass Salinity Gradient.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Community structure of sediment bacteria in the Everglades freshwater marsh, fringing mangrove forest, and Florida Bay seagrass meadows were described based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) patterns of 16S rRNA gene fragments and by sequencing analysis of DGGE bands. The DGGE patterns were correlated with the environmental variables by means of canonical correspondence analysis. There was no significant trend in the Shannon-Weiner index among the sediment samples along the salinity gradient. However, cluster analysis based on DGGE patterns revealed that the bacterial commu...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ikenaga M, Guevara R, Dean AL, Pisani C, Boyer JN Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Dinitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria in Microbial Mats of Two Shallow Coral Reef Ecosystems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dinitrogen-fixing organisms in cyanobacterial mats were studied in two shallow coral reef ecosystems: La Reunion Island, southwestern Indian Ocean, Sesoko (Okinawa) Island, and northwestern Pacific Ocean. Rapidly expanding benthic miniblooms, frequently dominated by a single cyanobacterial taxon, were identified by microscopy and molecular tools. In addition, nitrogenase activity by these blooms was measured in situ. Dinitrogen fixation and its contribution to mat primary production were calculated using (15)N(2) and (13)C methods. Dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from mats in La Reunion and Sesoko showed few difference...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Charpy L, Palinska KA, Casareto B, Langlade MJ, Suzuki Y, Abed RM, Golubic S Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Vegetation Affects the Relative Abundances of Dominant Soil Bacterial Taxa and Soil Respiration Rates in an Upland Grassland Soil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plant-derived organic matter inputs are thought to be a key driver of soil bacterial community composition and associated soil processes. We sought to investigate the role of acid grassland vegetation on soil bacterial community structure by assessing bacterial diversity in combination with other soil variables in temporally and spatially distinct samples taken from a field-based plant removal experiment. Removal of aboveground vegetation resulted in reproducible differences in soil properties, soil respiration and bacterial diversity. Vegetated soils had significantly increased carbon and nitrogen concentrations and e...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thomson BC, Ostle N, McNamara N, Bailey MJ, Whiteley AS, Griffiths RI Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Analysis of the Pan Genome of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Recovered from Poultry by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Repetitive Sequence Polymerase Chain Reaction (rep-PCR) Reveals Different Discriminatory Capabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne illness in the USA. Molecular typing methods are often used in food safety for identifying sources of infection and pathways of transmission. Moreover, the identification of genetically related isolates (i.e., clades) may facilitate the development of intervention strategies for control and prevention of food-borne diseases. We analyzed the pan genome (i.e., core and variable genes) of 63 C. jejuni isolates recovered from chickens raised in conventional, organic, and free-range poultry flocks to gain insight into the genetic diversity of C. jejun...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wilson MK, Lane AB, Law BF, Miller WG, Joens LA, Konkel ME, White BA Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Diversity of Francisella Species in Environmental Samples from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We determined whether Francisella spp. are present in water, sediment, and soil from an active tularemia natural focus on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, during a multiyear outbreak of pneumonic tularemia. Environmental samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Francisella species 16S rRNA gene and succinate dehydrogenase A (sdhA) sequences; evidence of the agent of tularemia was sought by amplification of Francisella tularensis-specific sequences for the insertion element ISFTu2, 17-kDa protein gene tul4, and the 43-kDa outer membrane protein gene fopA. Evidence of F. tularensis subsp. tularen...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Berrada ZL, Telford SR Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Population Dynamics and Identification of Endophytic Bacteria Antagonistic Toward Plant-Pathogenic Fungi in Cotton Root.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The antagonistic potentials of endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of six cotton cultivars at different developmental stages were determined in vitro toward three pathogens: Verticillium dahliae Kleb V107 and V396 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (F108). The populations of antagonistic endophytic bacteria (AEB) toward V107, V396, and F108 at the flowering and maturation stages were significantly higher than those at the seedling stage were. More AEB were found to be antagonistic toward pathogens V396 and F108 than V107. Results from the multivariate analysis of variance showed that the populations of AE...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Li CH, Zhao MW, Tang CM, Li SP Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Development of a Bacterial Cell Enrichment Method and its Application to the Community Analysis in Soybean Stems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A method was developed for enriching bacterial cells from soybean stems which was recalcitrant for a culture-independent analysis of bacterial community due to the interference with plant DNA. Stem homogenates were fractionated by a series of differential centrifugations followed by a Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. The efficiency of bacterial cell enrichment was assessed by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). The intensity and the number of bacterial amplicons of RISA were markedly increased in the DNA extracted from the enriched bacterial cells compared to that in the DNA directly extracted from so...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ikeda S, Kaneko T, Okubo T, Rallos LE, Eda S, Mitsui H, Sato S, Nakamura Y, Tabata S, Minamisawa K Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Pigmented Nanoflagellates Grazing on Synechococcus: Seasonal Variations and Effect of Flagellate Size in the Coastal Ecosystem of Subtropical Western Pacific.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated seasonal variation of grazing impact of the pigmented nanoflagellates (PNF) with different sizes upon Synechococcus in the subtropical western Pacific coastal waters using grazing experiments with fluorescently labeled Synechococcus (FLS). For total PNF, conspicuous seasonal variations of ingestion rates on Synechococcus were found, and a functional response was observed. To further investigate the impact of different size groups, we separated the PNF into four categories (<3, 3-5, 5-10, and >10 mum). Our results indicated that the smallest PNF (<3 mum PNF) did not ingest FLS and was considered...
Source: Microbial Ecology - August 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chan YF, Tsai AY, Chiang KP, Hsieh CH Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Species Composition of Bacterial Communities Influences Attraction of Mosquitoes to Experimental Plant Infusions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the container habitats of immature mosquitoes, catabolism of plant matter and other organic detritus by microbial organisms produces metabolites that mediate the oviposition behavior of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Public health agencies commonly use oviposition traps containing plant infusions for monitoring populations of these mosquito species, which are global vectors of dengue viruses. In laboratory experiments, gravid females exhibited significantly diminished responses to experimental infusions made with sterilized white oak leaves, showing that attractive odorants were produced through microbial metab...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ponnusamy L, Wesson DM, Arellano C, Schal C, Apperson CS Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Application of Molecular Techniques to the Elucidation of the Microbial Community Structure of Antique Paintings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper uses molecular techniques to describe the microstructure and microbiological communities of sixteenth century artwork and their relationships. The microbiological populations, analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), were highly influenced by the chemical composition of the pictorial layers detected by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. DGGE revealed that the diversity of microbial communities was lower in pictorial layers composed of pigments with metals, such as Pb, Cu and Hg, than in those found in pictorial layers without such compounds. The number of cultivable microorganisms, mainly f...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Santos A, Cerrada A, García S, San Andrés M, Abrusci C, Marquina D Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Growing Shoot Tips of Banana (Musa sp.) cv. Grand Naine and the Affinity of Endophytes to the Host.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A cultivation-based assessment of endophytic bacteria present in deep-seated shoot tips of banana suckers was made with a view to generate information on the associated organisms, potential endophytic contaminants in tissue-cultured bananas and to assess if the endophytes shared a beneficial relationship with the host. Plating the tissue homogenate from the central core of suckers showed colony growth on nutrient agar from just 75% and 42% of the 12 stocks during May and November, respectively (average 58%; 6 x 10(3) colony-forming units per gram), yielding diverse organisms belonging to firmicutes (Bacillus, Brevibaci...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thomas P, Soly TA Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Realized Fungal Diversity Increases Functional Stability of Leaf Litter Decomposition Under Zinc Stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Freshwaters include some of the most impaired systems on Earth with high rates of species loss, underscoring the significance of investigating whether ecosystems with fewer species will be able to maintain ecological processes. The environmental context is expected to modulate the effects of declining diversity. We conducted microcosm experiments manipulating fungal inoculum diversity and zinc concentration to test the hypothesis that fungal diversity determines the susceptibility of leaf litter decomposition to Zn stress. Realized fungal diversity was estimated by counting released spores and by measuring species-spec...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pascoal C, Cássio F, Nikolcheva L, Bärlocher F Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Seasonal Variability of Diazotroph Assemblages Associated with the Rhizosphere of the Salt Marsh Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nitrogen fixation is the primary N source in the highly productive but N-limited North Inlet, SC, USA salt marsh system. The diverse assemblages of nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria associated with the rhizospheres of the short and tall growth forms of Spartina alterniflora were analyzed at two sites, Crab Haul Creek and Goat Island, which are in different tidal creek drainage systems in this marsh. The sites differed in proximity to the main channel for tidal intrusion and in several edaphic parameters. We hypothesized that either the differing abiotic environmental regimes of the two sites or the variation due ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gamble MD, Bagwell CE, Larocque J, Bergholz PW, Lovell CR Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Microbial Community Response to Seawater Amendment in Low-Salinity Tidal Sediments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rising sea levels and excessive water withdrawals upstream are making previously freshwater coastal ecosystems saline. Plant and animal responses to variation in the freshwater-saline interface have been well studied in the coastal zone; however, microbial community structure and functional response to seawater intrusion remains relatively unexplored. Here, we used molecular approaches to evaluate the response of the prokaryotic community to controlled changes in porewater salinity levels in freshwater sediments from the Altamaha River, Georgia, USA. This work is a companion to a previously published study describing r...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Edmonds JW, Weston NB, Joye SB, Mou X, Moran MA Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Commentary.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19618099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbial Ecology)
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Muthukumarasamy R, Revathi G Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Study of the Degradation Activity and the Strategies to Promote the Bioavailability of Phenanthrene by Sphingomonas paucimobilis Strain 20006FA.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study describes the phenanthrene-degrading activity of Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA and its ability to promote the bioavailability of phenanthrene. S. paucimobilis 20006FA was isolated from a phenanthrene-contaminated soil microcosm. The strain was able to grow in liquid mineral medium saturated with phenanthrene as the sole carbon source, showing high phenanthrene elimination (52.9% of the supplied phenanthrene within 20 days). The accumulation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and salicylic acid as major phenanthrene metabolites and the capacity of the strain to grow with sodium salicylate as the sole so...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Coppotelli BM, Ibarrolaza A, Dias RL, Del Panno MT, Berthe-Corti L, Morelli IS Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

The FibRumBa Database: A Resource for Biologists with Interests in Gastrointestinal Microbial Ecology, Plant Biomass Degradation, and Anaerobic Microbiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19609599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbial Ecology)
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Morrison M, Daugherty SC, Nelson WC, Davidsen T, Nelson KE, Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

The Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sites.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main aim of this paper was the comprehensive estimation of the occurrence rate and the antibiotic-resistance conditions of opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. From 2002 to 2007, 26 hydrocarbon-contaminated sites of Hungary were screened for the detection of environmental isolates. Altogether, 156 samples were collected and examined for the determination of appearance, representative cell counts, and antibiotic-resistance features of P. aeruginosa. The detected levels of minimal inhibitory concentrations of ten different drugs against 36 environmental strains were ...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kaszab E, Kriszt B, Atzél B, Szabó G, Szabó I, Harkai P, Szoboszlay S Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals

Nitrogen Transformations and Diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in a Desert Ephemeral Stream Receiving Untreated Wastewater.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Levels of inorganic nitrogen species (ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate), ammonia oxidation potential (AOP), and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were studied in the sediments of a 50-km-long segment of an ephemeral stream in the Negev desert, receiving untreated wastewater. Water analysis in downstream sampling points showed reductions of 91.7% in biological oxygen demand, 87.7% in chemical oxygen demand, 73.9% in total nitrogen, and 72.8% in total ammonia nitrogen. Significant AOP levels in the sediment were detected mainly in the fall and spring seasons. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of AOB 16S rR...
Source: Microbial Ecology - July 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Angel R, Asaf L, Ronen Z, Nejidat A Tags: Microb Ecol Source Type: journals