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Conditional gene deletion reveals functional redundancy of GABAB receptors in peripheral nociceptors in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study addressed contribution of GABAB receptors expressed on primary afferent nociceptive fibers to the modulation of pain. We observed that neither the development of acute and chronic pain nor the analgesic effects of a systematically-delivered GABAB agonist was significantly changed upon a specific deletion of GABAB receptors from peripheral nociceptive neurons in vivo. This lets us conclude that GABAB receptors in the peripheral nervous system play a less important role than those in the central nervous system in the regulation of pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vijayan GangadharanNitin AgarwalStefan BruggerImgard TegederBernhard BettlerRohini KunerMartina Kurejova Source Type: journals

Effective relief of neuropathic pain by adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of a small hairpin RNA against GTP cyclohydrolase 1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Therefore, the data suggests that GCH1 levels can be reduced by introducing rAAV-shGCH1, leading to pain relief. Based on the results, we propose that GCH1 modulation may be developed as a clinically applicable gene therapy strategy to treat neuropathic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sung Jin KimWon Il LeeYoon Sun LeeDong Hou KimJin Woo ChangSeong Who KimHeuiran Lee Source Type: journals

Different forms of glycine- and GABAA-receptor mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in mouse superficial and deep dorsal horn neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Together these data show that Gly- and GABAARs with clearly differing physiological properties and cannabinoid-sensitivity contribute to fast synaptic inhibition in mouse SDH and DDH. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wayne AndersonBrett GrahamNatalie BeveridgePaul TooneyAlan BrichtaRobert Callister Source Type: journals

Oxaliplatin-induced loss of phosphorylated heavy neurofilament subunit neuronal immunoreactivity in rat DRG tissueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Oxaliplatin and related chemotherapeutic drugs cause painful chronic peripheral neuropathies in cancer patients. We investigated changes in neuronal size profiles and neurofilament immunoreactivity in L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue of adult female Wistar rats after multiple-dose treatment with oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin or paclitaxel. Results: After treatment with oxaliplatin, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) immunoreactivity was reduced in neuronal cell bodies, but unchanged in nerve fibres, of the L5 DRG. Morphometric analysis confirmed significant changes in the number (-75%;...
Source: Molecular Pain - November 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Stephen JamiesonJoshuan SubramaniamJohnson LiuNancy JongVirginia IpBronwen ConnorMark McKeage Source Type: journals

Antinociceptive action of oxytocin involves inhibition of potassium channel currents in lamina II neurons of the rat spinal cordEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This effect of OT on the firing profile of lamina II neurons is in good agreement with the antinociceptive and analgesic properties of OT described in vivo. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jean-Didier BretonPierrick PoisbeauPascal Darbon Source Type: journals

Differential role of the menthol-binding residue Y745 in the antagonism of thermally gated TRPM8 channelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In summary, we identify structural elements on the TRPM8 channel that are critical for the action of channel antagonists, providing valuable information for the future design of new, specific modulator compounds. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 3, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Annika MalkiaMaria PertusaGregorio Fernandez-BallesterAntonio Ferrer-MontielFelix Viana Source Type: journals

In vivo evidence that truncated trkB.T1 participates in nociceptionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a central nervous system modulator of nociception. In animal models of chronic pain, BDNF exerts its effects on nociceptive processing by binding to the full-length receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (trkB.FL) and transducing intracellular signaling to produce nocifensive behaviors. In addition to trkB.FL, the trkB locus also produces a widely-expressed alternatively-spliced truncated isoform, trkB.T1. TrkB.T1 binds BDNF with high affinity; however the unique 11 amino acid intracellular cytoplasmic tail lacks the kinase domain of trkB.FL. Recently, trkB.T1 was shown to be spec...
Source: Molecular Pain - October 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Cynthia RennCarmen LeitchSusan Dorsey Source Type: journals

Morphine modulation of pain processing in medial and lateral pain pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These results suggest that morphine exerts analgesic effects through suppressing both sensory and affective dimensions of pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - October 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jin-Yan WangJin HuangJing-Yu ChangDonald WoodwardFei Luo Source Type: journals

Dynamic regulation of the endocannabinoid system: implications for analgesiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The analgesic effects of cannabinoids are well documented, but these are often limited by psychoactive side-effects. Recent studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system is dynamic and altered under different pathological conditions, including pain states. Changes in this receptor system include altered expression of receptors, differential synthesis pathways of endocannabinoids by various cell types and multiple pathways of catabolism and the generation of biologically active metabolites, which may be engaged under different conditions. This review discusses the evidence that pain states alter the endocannabinoid recep...
Source: Molecular Pain - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Devi Rani SagarA. Gemma GawBright OkineAmy WongStephen WoodhamsDavid KendallVictoria Chapman Source Type: journals

Involvement of S-nitrosylation of actin in inhibition of neurotransmitter release by nitric oxideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that actin is a major S-nitrosylated protein in the spinal cord and suggests that NO directly regulates neurotransmitter release by S-nitrosylation in addition to the well-known phosphorylation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - September 28, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jingshan LuTayo KatanoEmiko Okuda-AshitakaYo OishiYoshihiro UradeSeiji Ito Source Type: journals

Delayed onset of changes in soma action potential genesis in nociceptive A-beta DRG neurons in vivo in a rat model of osteoarthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical data on osteoarthritis suggest widespread changes in sensory function. The present study was done to investigate the possible changes specifically in functionally-identified Abeta-fiber nociceptive primary sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat surgical derangement model of knee osteoarthritis. We have previously found that this model undergoes structural changes in the joint and gait changes as indicated in the incapacitance test. Intracellular recordings were made from L4 Abeta nociceptive DRG neurons in vivo at two stages of development: one month and two months following model induction. Action po...
Source: Molecular Pain - September 27, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Qi WuJames Henry Source Type: journals

Do genetic predictors of pain sensitivity associate with persistent widespread pain?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there was no evidence of association between proposed functional SNPs, previously reported to influence pain sensitivity, in GCH1 and OPRM1 with CWP. Further evidence of null association in large independent cohorts is required to truly exclude these SNPs as genetic risk factors for CWP. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - September 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kate HollidayBarbara NichollGary MacfarlaneWendy ThomsonKelly DaviesJohn McBeth Source Type: journals

Large A-fiber activity is required for microglial proliferation and p38 MAPK activation in the spinal cord: different effects of resiniferatoxin and bupivacaine on spinal microglial changes after spared nerve injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: (1) Blocking peripheral input in TRPV1-positive fibers (presumably C-fibers) is not enough to prevent nerve injury-induced spinal microglia activation. (2) Peripheral input from large myelinated fibers is important for microglial activation. (3) Microglial activation is associated with mechanical allodynia. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - September 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marc SuterTemugin BertaYong-Jing GaoIsabelle DecosterdRu-Rong Ji Source Type: journals

NMDA receptor subunit expression and PAR2 receptor activation in colospinal afferent neurons (CANs) during inflammation induced visceral hypersensitivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our data show that inflammation causes an up-regulation of the NMDA receptor and the activation of the PAR2 receptor expressed on CANs. These changes correlate with a decrease in balloon pressure in response to colorectal distention in non-RTX and RTX lesioned animals. Therefore, these data suggest that CANs contribute to visceral hypersensitivity during inflammation. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - September 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shelby SuckowRobert Caudle Source Type: journals

Nociception-induced spatial and temporal plasticity of synaptic connection and function in the hippocampal formation of rats: a multi-electrode array recordingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Peripheral persistent nociception produces great impact upon the higher brain structures that lead to not only temporal plasticity, but also spatial plasticity of synaptic connection and function in the HF. The spatial plasticity of synaptic activities is more complex than the temporal plasticity, comprising of enlargement of synaptic connection size at network level, deformed fEPSP at local circuit level and, increased synaptic efficacy at cellular level. In addition, the multi-synaptic model established in the present investigation may open a new avenue for future studies of pain-related brain dysfunctions at...
Source: Molecular Pain - September 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiao-Yan ZhaoMing-Gang LiuDong-Liang YuanYan WangYing HeDan-Dan WangXue-Feng ChenFu-Kang ZhangHua LiXiao-Sheng HeJun Chen Source Type: journals

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (rAAV2/6)-mediated gene transfer to nociceptive neurons through different routes of deliveryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: We have found that rAAV2/6 is an efficient vector to deliver transgenes to nociceptive neurons in mice. Furthermore, the characterization of the transduction profile may facilitate gene transfer studies to dissect mechanisms behind neuropathic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - September 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chris TowneMarie PertinAhmed BeggahPatrick AebischerIsabelle Decosterd Source Type: journals

Short-term synaptic plasticity in the nociceptive thalamic-anterior cingulate pathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The potentiation of ACC neuronal activity induced by thalamic bursting suggest that short-term synaptic plasticities enable the processing of nociceptive information from the medial thalamus and this temporal response variability is particularly important in pain because temporal maintenance of the response supports cortical integration and memory formation related to noxious events. Moreover, these modifications of cingulate synapses appear to regulate afferent signals that may be important to the transition from acute to chronic pain conditions associated with persistent peripheral noxious stimulation. Enhanc...
Source: Molecular Pain - September 3, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bai Chuang ShyuBrent Vogt Source Type: journals

Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances functional thermal and chemical responses of TRP cation channels in human synoviocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: TNF-a provides differentially enhanced synoviocyte TRPV1 and TRPV4 expression and [Ca2+]i response dependent on the TRP stimulus and time after exposure. Augmented relevance of TRPV1 and TRPV4 as inflammatory conditions persist would provide calcium mediated cell signaling required for pathophysiological responses of synoviocytes in inflammatory pain states. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - August 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mikhail KochukovTerry McNearneyHuaizhi YinLiping ZhangFei MaLarissa PonomarevaSarah AbshireKarin Westlund Source Type: journals

Increased chemokine signaling in a model of HIV1-associated peripheral neuropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Painful distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common neurological complication of HIV1 infection. Although infection with the virus itself carries an incidence of DSP, patients are more likely to become symptomatic following initiation of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) treatment. The chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1/CCL2) and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF1/CXCL12) and their respective receptors, CCR2 and CXCR4, have been implicated in HIV1 related neuropathic pain mechanisms including NRTI treatment in rodents. Utilizing a rodent model that incorporates both the viral coat p...
Source: Molecular Pain - August 11, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sonia BhangooMatthew RipschDavid BuchananRichard MillerFletcher White Source Type: journals

Subtype-specific regulation of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors by phosphoinositides in peripheral nociceptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate a functional regulation of homomeric P2X3 and heteromeric P2X2/3 ATP receptors by phosphoinositides in the plasma membrane of DRG nociceptors, based on subtype-specific mechanisms of direct and indirect lipid sensing. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - August 10, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gary MoLouis-Philippe BernierQi ZhaoAnne-Julie Chabot-DoreAriel AseDiomedes LogothetisChang-Qing CaoPhilippe Seguela Source Type: journals

Roles of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 but not GluA2 in synaptic potentiation and activation of ERK in the anterior cingulate cortexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cortical areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are important for pain and pleasure. Recent studies using genetic and physiological approaches have demonstrated that the investigation of basic mechanism for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the ACC may reveal key cellular and molecular mechanisms for chronic pain in the cortex. Glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the ACC are critical for the induction of LTP, including both NR2A and NR2B subunits. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms for the expression of ACC LTP have been less investigated. Here, we report that the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-m...
Source: Molecular Pain - August 9, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hiroki ToyodaMing-Gao ZhaoBettina UlzhoferLong-Jun WuHui XuPeter SeeburgRolf SprengelRohini KunerMin Zhuo Source Type: journals

Descending serotonergic facilitation and the antinociceptive effects of pregabalin in a rat model of osteoarthritic painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These data suggest descending serotonergic facilitation plays a role in mediating the brush and innocuous mechanical punctate evoked neuronal responses in MIA rats, suggesting an adaptive change in the excitatory serotonergic drive modulating low threshold evoked neuronal responses in MIA-induced OA pain. This alteration in excitatory serotonergic drive, alongside an increase in alpha2delta-1 mRNA levels, may underlie pregabalin's state dependent effects in this model of chronic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - August 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wahida RahmanClaudia BauerKirsty BannisterJean-Laurent VonsyAnnette DolphinAnthony Dickenson Source Type: journals

Proinflammatory-activated trigeminal satellite cells promote neuronal sensitization: relevance for migraine pathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that satellite cells contribute to migraine-related neurochemical events and are induced to do so by autocrine/paracrine stimuli (such as IL-1beta and NO). The responsiveness of IL-1beta to CGRP creates the potential for a positive feedback loop and, thus, a plurality of targets for therapeutic intervention in migraine. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alessandro CapuanoAlice De CoratoLucia LisiGiuseppe TringaliPierluigi NavarraCinzia Dello Russo Source Type: journals

The endogenous hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine-beta synthase contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that upregulation of CBS expression in colonic DRG neurons and H2S signaling may play an important role in developing CVH, thus identifying a specific neurobiological target for the treatment of CVH in functional bowel syndromes. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Guang-Yin XuJohn WinstonMohan ShenoyShufang ZhouJiande ChenPankaj Pasricha Source Type: journals

Antinociception induced by chronic glucocorticoid treatment is correlated to local modulation of spinal neurotransmitter contentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data indicate that corticosteroids modulate nociception since chronic corticosteroid treatment alters the expression of neuropeptides involved in nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level. As previously observed in some supraspinal areas, the exclusive GR activation resulted in more profound and sustained behavioural and neurochemical changes, than the one observed with a mixed ligand of corticosteroid receptors. These results might be of relevance for the pharmacological management of certain types of chronic pain, in which corticosteroids are used as adjuvant analgesics. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - July 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Filipa Pinto-RibeiroVitor MoreiraJose PegoPedro LeaoArmando AlmeidaNuno Sousa Source Type: journals

Translocation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to the plasma membrane by ATP is mediated by P2X and P2Y receptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: ATP is involved in nNOS translocation mediated by protein kinase C via activation of P2X and P2Y receptors and nNOS translocation may be an action mechanism of ATP in nocieptive processing in the spinal cord.. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - July 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Takayuki OhnishiShinji MatsumuraSeiji Ito Source Type: journals

Expression and function of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors in inflammatory painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Each subtype of the OGR1 family was expressed differently, which may reflect differences between models in duration and magnitude of hyperalgesia. Given that TDAG8 and TRPV1 expression increased after CFA-induced inflammation and that TDAG8 activation can lead to TRPV1 sensitization, it suggests that high concentrations of protons after inflammation may not only directly activate proton-sensing ion channels (such as TRPV1) to cause pain but also act on proton-sensing GPCRs to regulate the development of hyperalgesia. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - July 13, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ying-Ju ChenChia-Wei HuangChih-Shin LinWen-Han ChangWei-Hsin Sun Source Type: journals

Evidence for a role of NTS2 receptors in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The present study provides the first demonstration that activation of NTS2 receptors produces analgesia in the persistent inflammatory pain model of formalin. The dichotomy between these two classes of compounds also indicates that both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors are involved in tonic pain inhibition and implies that these two NT receptors modulate the pain-induced behavioral responses by acting on distinct spinal and/or supraspinal neural circuits. In conclusion, development of NT agonists targeting both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors could be useful for chronic pain management. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - July 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Genevieve RoussyMarc-Andre DansereauStephanie BaudissonFaouzi EzzoubaaKarine BellevilleNicolas BeaudetJean MartinezElliott RichelsonPhilippe Sarret Source Type: journals

Minocycline treatment inhibits microglial activation and alters spinal levels of endocannabinoids in a rat model of neuropathic painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Activation of spinal microglia contributes to aberrant pain responses associated with neuropathic pain states. Endocannabinoids (ECs) are present in the spinal cord, and inhibit nociceptive processing; levels of ECs may be altered by microglia which modulate the turnover of endocannabinoids in vitro. Here, we investigate the effect of minocycline, an inhibitor of activated microglia, on levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), and the related compound N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), in neuropathic spinal cord. Selective spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats resulted in mechanical allodynia a...
Source: Molecular Pain - June 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Leonardo GuastiDenise RichardsonMaulik JhaveriKhalil EldeebDavid BarrettMaurice ElphickStephen AlexanderDavid KendallGregory MichaelVictoria Chapman Source Type: journals

Genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) influences the analgesic response to the short acting opioid Remifentanil in humansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: There is evidence from animal studies that serotonin (5-HT) can influence the antinociceptive effects of opioids at the spinal cord level. Therefore, there could be an influence of genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin system on individual variability in response to opioid treatment of pain. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key regulator of serotonin metabolism and availability and its gene harbors several known polymorphisms that are known to affect 5-HTT expression (e.g. 5-HTTLPR, rs25531). The aim of this study was to investigate if the triallelic 5-HTTLPR influences pain sensitivity or the analgesic ...
Source: Molecular Pain - June 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Eva KosekKarin JensenTina LonsdorfMartin SchallingMartin Ingvar Source Type: journals

Excitatory neurotransmitters in brain regions in interictal migraine patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These results are consistent with glutamatergic abnormalities in the ACC and insula in migraine patients during their interictal period compared to healthy controls. An alteration in excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters and their derivatives may be a contributing factor for migraineurs for a decrease in sensitivity for migraine or a consequence of the chronic migraine state. Such findings, if extrapolated to other regions of the brain would offer new opportunities to modulate central system as interictal or preemptive medications in these patients. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Andrew PrescotLino BecerraGautam PendseShannon TullyEric JensenRichard HargreavesPerry RenshawRami BursteinDavid Borsook Source Type: journals

PKCepsilon-dependent potentiation of TTX-resistant Nav1.8 current by neurokinin-1 receptor activation in rat dorsal root ganglion neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data suggest that activation of NK-1 receptor potentiates Nav1.8 sodium current via PKCepsilon-dependent signaling pathway, probably participating in the generation of inflammatory hyperalgesia. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chun-Lei CangHua ZhangYu-Qiu ZhangZhi-Qi Zhao Source Type: journals

Ethnicity and OPRM variant independently predict pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for post-operative painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that ethnicity and OPRM 118A>G genotype are independent and significant contributors to variation in pain perception and postoperative morphine use in patients undergoing cesarean delivery. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ene-choo TanEileen LimYik-ying TeoYvonne LimHai-yang LawAlex Sia Source Type: journals

Reactive oxygen species mediate TNFR1 increase after TRPV1 activation in mouse DRG neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: TRPV1 activation increases TNFR1 in cultured mouse DRG neurons through a ROS signaling pathway, a novel sensitization mechanism in DRG neurons. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 16, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Fei MaLiping ZhangKarin Westlund Source Type: journals

Challenges of functional imaging research of pain in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Functional imaging has revolutionized the neurosciences. In the pain field it has dramatically altered our understanding of how the brain undergoes significant functional, anatomical and chemical changes in patients with chronic pain. However, most studies have been performed in adults. Because functional imaging is non-invasive and can be performed in awake individuals, applications in children have become more prevalent, but only recently in the pain field. Measures of changes in the brains of children have important implications in understanding neural plasticity in response to acute and chronic pain in the developing ...
Source: Molecular Pain - June 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Simona SavaAlyssa LebelDavid LeslieDrosos AthenaCharles BerdeLino BecerraDavid Borsook Source Type: journals

An in vivo mouse model of long-term potentiation at synapses between primary afferent C-fibers and spinal dorsal horn neurons: essential role of EphB1 receptorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study provides the first in vivo mouse model of C-LTP that will be valuable for studying synaptic plasticity, central sensitization and hyperalgesia. It further takes advantage of examining functional implications of a specific gene targeted mice and demonstrates that the EphB1 receptor is essential for development of C-LTP. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 11, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wen-Tao LiuYuan HanHao-Chuan LiBrandt AdamsJi-Hong ZhengYong-Ping WuMark HenkemeyerXue-Jun Song Source Type: journals

Formalin-induced behavioural hypersensitivity and neuronal hyperexcitability are mediated by rapid protein synthesis at the spinal levelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We conclude that mTOR has a role in maintaining persistent inflammatory pain states via mRNA translation and thus protein synthesis. We hypothesise that mTOR may be activated by excitatory neurotransmitter release acting on sensory afferent terminals as well as dorsal horn spinal neurones, which can be further amplified by descending facilitatory systems originating from higher centres in the brain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - June 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Curtis AsanteVictoria WallaceAnthony Dickenson Source Type: journals

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 activation induces a microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype and reduces migration via MKP induction and ERK dephosphorylationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our results uncover a cellular microglial pathway triggered by CBR2 activation. These data suggest that the reduction of pro-inflammatory factors and microglial migration via MKP-3 induction is part of the mechanism of action of CBR2 agonists. These findings may have clinical implications for further drug development. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - May 28, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Edgar Alfonso Romero-SandovalRyan HorvathRussell LandryJoyce DeLeo Source Type: journals

NF-kappa B mediated enhancement of potassium currents by the chemokine CXCL1/growth related oncogene in small diameter rat sensory neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The results suggest that GRO/KC has important effects in inflammatory processes via its direct actions on sensory neurons, and that activation of NF-kappa B is involved in the GRO/KC-induced enhancement of K currents. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - May 28, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rui-hua YangJudith StrongJun-Ming Zhang Source Type: journals

Inhibitory coupling between inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal hornEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Local inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal horn play an important role in the control of excitability at the segmental level and thus determine how nociceptive information is relayed to higher structures. Regulation of inhibitory interneuron activity may therefore have critical consequences on pain perception. Indeed, disinhibition of dorsal horn neuronal networks disrupts the balance between excitation and inhibition and is believed to be a key mechanism underlying different forms of pain hypersensitivity and chronic pain states. In this context, studying the source and the synaptic properties of the inhibitory inputs th...
Source: Molecular Pain - May 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Charalampos Labrakakis, Louis-Etienne Lorenzo, Cyril Bories, Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva and Yves De Koninck Source Type: journals

Intrathecal delivery of PDGF produces tactile allodynia through its receptors in spinal microgliaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pain condition that occurs after nerve damage. Such pain is considered to be a reflection of the aberrant excitability of dorsal horn neurons. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that spinal microglia play a crucial role in neuronal excitability and the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms underlying neuron-microglia communications in the dorsal horn remain to be fully elucidated. A recent study has demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) expressed in dorsal horn neurons contributes to neuropathic pain after nerve injury, yet how PDGF produces pain hypersen...
Source: Molecular Pain - May 11, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Junya Masuda, Makoto Tsuda, Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh and Kazuhide Inoue Source Type: journals

Antidepressants inhibit P2X4 receptor function: a possible involvement in neuropathic pain reliefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These results suggest that paroxetine acts as a potent analgesic in the spinal cord via a mechanism independent of its inhibitory effect on serotonin transporters. Powerful inhibition of calcium influx via P2X4 receptors may underlie the analgesic effect of paroxetine, and it is possible that some antidepressants clinically used in patients with neuropathic pain show antiallodynic effects, at least in part via their inhibitory effects on P2X4 receptors. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - April 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kenichiro Nagata, Toshiyasu Imai, Tomohiro Yamashita, Makoto Tsuda, Kazuhide Inoue and Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh Source Type: journals

Pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 inhibits mechanical firing in nociceptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our data show that acute pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 at the cutaneous receptive field inhibits formalin-evoked activation and markedly reduces mechanically-evoked action potential firing in C fibers. Thus, functional TRPA1 at sensory afferent terminals in skin is required for their responsiveness to both noxious chemical and mechanical stimuli. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - April 21, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Patrick C Kerstein, Donato del Camino, Magdalene M Moran and Cheryl L Stucky Source Type: journals

High concentrations of morphine sensitize and activate mouse dorsal root ganglia via TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Nociceptor activation and sensitization by morphine is conveyed by TRPV1 and TRPA1. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - April 16, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alexander B Forster, Peter W Reeh, Karl Messlinger and Michael JM Fischer Source Type: journals

Transforming growth factor-β1 impairs neuropathic pain through pleiotropic effectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that TGF-β1 is effective in the treatment of neuropathic by targeting both neurons and glial cells. We suggest that therapeutic agents such as TGF-β1 having multipotent effects on different types of cells could work in synergy to regain homeostasis in local spinal cord microenvironments, therefore contributing to attenuate neuropathic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 27, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Stefania Echeverry, Xiang Qun Shi, Alexandra Haw, Hong Liu, Zhong-wei Zhang and Ji Zhang Source Type: journals

Transforming growth factor-beta1 impairs neuropathic pain through pleiotropic effectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that TGF-beta1 is effective in the treatment of neuropathic by targeting both neurons and glial cells. We suggest that therapeutic agents such as TGF-beta1 having multipotent effects on different types of cells could work in synergy to regain homeostasis in local spinal cord microenvironments, therefore contributing to attenuate neuropathic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 27, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Stefania Echeverry, Xiang Qun Shi, Alexandra Haw, Hong Liu, Zhong-wei Zhang and Ji Zhang Source Type: journals

Plasticity in expression of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST in spinal dorsal horn glial cells following partial sciatic nerve ligationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the expression of glutamate transporters in astrocytes and microglia are differentially regulated following nerve injury. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 26, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wen-Jun Xin, Han-Rong Weng and Patrick M Dougherty Source Type: journals

Increased peripheral nerve excitability and local NaV1.8 mRNA up-regulation in painful neuropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Cuff entrapment injury resulted in significantly elevated axonal excitability and increased NaV1.8 immunoreactivity in rat sciatic nerves. The concomitant axonal accumulation of NaV1.8 mRNA may play a role in the pathogenesis of this model of neuropathic pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 25, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Devang K Thakor, Audrey Lin, Yoshizo Matsuka, Edward M Meyer, Supanigar Ruangsri, Ichiro Nishimura and Igor Spigelman Source Type: journals

Characterization of NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence for NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of COMT expression in the central nervous system, suggesting that COMT contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain states. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 16, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Inna E Tchivileva, Andrea G Nackley, Li Qian, Sean Wentworth, Matthew Conrad and Luda B Diatchenko Source Type: journals

Gz mediates the long-lasting desensitization of brain CB1 receptors and is essential for cross-tolerance with morphineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In the brain, cannabinoids can produce analgesic tolerance that is not associated with the loss of surface CB1Rs or their uncoupling from regulated transduction. Neural specific Gz proteins are essential mediators of the analgesic effects of supraspinal CB1R agonists and morphine. These Gz proteins are also responsible for the long-term analgesic tolerance produced by single doses of these agonists, as well as for the cross-tolerance between CB1Rs and MORs. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - March 10, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Javier Garzon, Elena de la Torre-Madrid, Maria Rodriguez-Munoz, Ana Vicente-Sanchez and Pilar Sanchez-Blazquez Source Type: journals