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HIV vaccine results controversyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 755 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2668 Author: Olive Leavy An announcement, by researchers from the US Army and Thailand, at a recent press conference of the first positive results from an HIV vaccine trial was met with media fanfare but cautious optimism from scientists.The RV 144 vaccine, which combines two vaccines (ALVAC and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 754 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2667 Immune tolerance (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2666 Innate immunity (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Immunotherapy: CpG–siRNA deals double blow to tumoursEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Immunotherapy: CpG–siRNA deals double blow to tumours Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 753 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2665 Author: Alexandra Flemming Tumours can avert an immune response and boost their own growth by inducing the expression of immunosuppressive, angiogenic and growth factors by neighbouring cells. Reporting in Nature Biotechnology, Kortylewski and colleagues now present a new strategy to alter the balance in the tumour microenvironment (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alexandra Flemming Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

From the editorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 749 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2664 Immunologists have become more adept at distinguishing different types of B and T cell, leading to new questions about the functions and differentiation pathways of these cells. Understanding how these phenotypes arise and interact holds the promise of more effective immunotherapies and vaccines with fewer (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: From The Editors Source Type: journals

T Cells: Crawling into the brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2663 Author: Lucy Bird A study involving real-time imaging of effector T cells provides new insight into how autoreactive T cells interact with cerebral structures and access the central nervous system (CNS) to cause autoimmune disease.Flügel and colleagues induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats with intravenous injection of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Dendritic cells: Division of DC labour in the gutEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 755 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2662 Author: Ruth Williams As far as the immune system is concerned, the gut is full of bacterial friends and foes: commensal microorganisms must be tolerated, whereas pathogens must be expelled. At the front line, maintaining this balance, are dendritic cells (DCs). Two groups reporting in Immunity have (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ruth Williams Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decisionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
riappa Bone marrow-derived B cells make an important cell fate choice to develop into either follicular B cells or marginal zone B cells in the spleen, which depends on signalling through the B cell receptor, Notch2, the receptor for B cell-activating factor and the canonical nuclear (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shiv PillaiAnnaiah Cariappa Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Regulation of tissue homeostasis by NF-κB signalling: implications for inflammatory diseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Regulation of tissue homeostasis by NF-κB signalling: implications for inflammatory diseases Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 778 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2655 Author: Manolis Pasparakis The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway regulates immune responses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Given the well established pro-inflammatory functions of NF-κB, inhibition of this pathway would be expected to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, recent studies in mouse models have (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Manolis Pasparakis Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 799 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2653 Author: Jerrold R. Turner Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. These cells establish a barrier between sometimes hostile external environments and the internal milieu. However, mucosae are also responsible for nutrient absorption and waste secretion, which require a selectively permeable barrier. These functions place the mucosal epithelium at (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jerrold R. Turner Tags: Review Source Type: journals

New insights into the differentiation and function of T follicular helper cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 757 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2644 Author: Cecile King The seminal studies characterizing T follicular helper (TFH) cells described a non-polarized CD4+ T cell population with a unique ability to home to B cell follicles and to induce antibody production by B cells. In the past few years, the study (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cecile King Tags: Review Source Type: journals

T cell development: Seeing self in a positive lightEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 751 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2661 Author: Olive Leavy Weak interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and self-peptide–MHC complexes induce positive selection of double-positive thymocytes in the thymus. Naturally occurring self peptides involved in positive selection have been identified only for CD8+ T cells. Now, two papers published in Nature Immunology (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Immune regulation: TReg cells offer a bespoke serviceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 754 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2659 Author: Kirsty Minton Regulatory T (TReg) cells provide tailor-made control of the immune response, according to new research by Alexander Rudensky and colleagues. Effector CD4+ T cells differentiate into functionally distinct T helper (TH) cell populations — TH1, TH (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Mast cells: Delivery of cytokine packages to the lymph nodesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2658 Author: Gemma Ryan During infection, draining lymph nodes undergo growth and remodelling to facilitate the interactions between immune cells. These morphological changes in the lymphoid tissue are thought to be induced by cytokines released at the site of immune challenge; however, it is not known how the cytokines (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gemma Ryan Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Analysing immune cell migrationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
b J. de Boer The visualization of the dynamic behaviour of and interactions between immune cells using time-lapse video microscopy has an important role in modern immunology. To draw robust conclusions, quantification of such cell migration is required. However, imaging experiments are associated with various artefacts that can affect (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 15, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joost B. BeltmanAthanasius F. M. MaréeRob J. de Boer Tags: Review Source Type: journals

The functional plasticity of T cell subsetsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stockinger In 1986, Robert Coffman and Timothy Mossman first described the division of CD4+ T cells into functional subsets, termed T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2, based on cytokine production, and in doing so unwittingly opened a Pandora's box of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - October 6, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey A. BluestoneCharles R. MackayJohn J. O'SheaBrigitta Stockinger Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 673 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2652 Inflammation (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

One jab protects from swine fluEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 676 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2651 Eagerly anticipated early results from vaccine trials provide hope that millions of people could be protected against the pandemic H1N1 strain of influenza virus before infection rates are expected to peak later this year. The two studies, published in The New England Journal of Medicine (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Common ills linked to memory lossEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2650 Author: Lucy Bird Patients with Alzheimer's disease who have common bacterial infections suffer greater memory loss, claims a recent study published in Neurology. The effect is said to be linked to increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) caused by systemic inflammation.Previous research (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Tumour immunology: Neutrophil plasticityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2649 Author: Lucy Bird New research published in Cancer Cell suggests that tumour-associated neutrophils can have antitumorigenic ('N1') or protumorigenic ('N2') functions, a plasticity that has been well described for M1 and M2 macrophage subsets. It is suggested that the presence of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

From the editorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 669 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2648 Although vaccines are key to the control of several infectious diseases, vaccinologists are still struggling to develop an effective vaccine against HIV. Indeed, despite preclinical studies of potential HIV vaccines in non-human primates showing effective protection against simian immunodeficiency virus, no protection was observed when (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: From The Editors Source Type: journals

Tolerance: SIRT1 keeps escapees quietEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 677 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2647 Author: Gemma Ryan Although self-reactive T cells can escape deletion in the thymus, they are controlled in the periphery by mechanisms that induce tolerance, such as clonal anergy, by which T cells become unresponsive following suboptimal stimulation. The heterodimeric transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) is required for (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gemma Ryan Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Immune responses: Seeing is believingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 677 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2646 Author: Olive Leavy Two-photon microscopy has been used in recent years to visualize the complexity of immune cell interactions in vivo. Now, Robey and colleagues provide further insights into these dynamic interactions during pathogen recall responses.The authors used a model of Toxoplasma gondii infection in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

γδ T cells: Innate source of IL-17Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
γδ T cells: Innate source of IL-17 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 671 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2645 Author: Lucy Bird Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been the subject of a great deal of recent research, mainly as the cytokine that characterizes the CD4+ T helper cell subset known as TH17 cells. Now, two studies published in Immunity show that γδ T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Dendritic cells: One SIGN, different pathsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 676 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2640 Author: Ruth Williams When an invading pathogen meets a dendritic cell (DC) it is greeted by several cell surface receptors that work together to tailor a fitting immune response. A new report published in Nature Immunology reveals how one receptor creates further specificity by altering cytokine production (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ruth Williams Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Monkeying around with HIV vaccines: using rhesus macaques to define 'gatekeepers' for clinical trialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
. Weiner Rhesus macaques are an important animal model for the study of human disease and the development of vaccines against HIV and AIDS. HIV vaccines have been benchmarked in rhesus macaque preclinical challenge studies using chimeric viruses made up of parts of HIV and simian immunodeficency (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Devon J. ShedlockGuido SilvestriDavid B. Weiner Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Engineering lymphocyte subsets: tools, trials and tribulationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
L. Riley Cell-based therapies with various lymphocyte subsets hold promise for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer and disease resulting from inflammation and infection. The ability to genetically engineer lymphocyte subsets has the potential to improve the natural immune response and correct impaired immunity. In this (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carl H. JuneBruce R. BlazarJames L. Riley Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Transcriptional control of the inflammatory responseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Horng Inflammation is a multicomponent response to tissue stress, injury and infection, and a crucial point of its control is at the level of gene transcription. The inducible inflammatory gene expression programme — such as that triggered by Toll-like receptor signalling in macrophages — is comprised (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ruslan MedzhitovTiffany Horng Tags: Review Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2633 Regulatory T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

From the editorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 601 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2632 I (Elaine Bell) was privileged to join Nature Publishing Group in January 2001 as the launch Editor for Nature Reviews Immunology, and in October 2001, following a nine-month gestation, we published our first issue — and yes, it felt very similar to one's thoughts (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: From The Editors Source Type: journals

Viral immunity: Are men and women different?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2631 Author: Rachel David It is well documented that there are considerable differences in HIV-1 disease progression between men and women, with women progressing significantly faster to AIDS than men with the same viral load. Meier et al. now show that this might be partially due to differential (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Phagocytosis: Don't eat the HSCsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 603 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2627 Author: Olive Leavy In two papers published recently in Cell, Irving Weissman and colleagues identify an important role for CD47 in protecting circulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors (HSPCs) from phagocytosis. They also show that targeting CD47, which is constitutively upregulated on self-renewing leukaemia stem (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Signalling crosstalk in B cells: managing worth and needEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 657 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2621 Author: Michael P. Cancro The B cell receptor (BCR) and the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFFR) have complementary roles in B cells: BCR signals provide a cell-intrinsic measure of suitability for negative or positive selection, whereas BAFFR responds to homeostatic demands based on a cell-extrinsic measure of the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael P. Cancro Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Interdependence of hypoxic and innate immune responsesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ohnson Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important transcriptional regulator of cell metabolism and the adaptation to cellular stress caused by oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). Phagocytic cells have an essential role in innate immune defence against pathogens and this is a battle that takes place mainly in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Victor NizetRandall S. Johnson Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Natural killer cells: Peace not warEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 674 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2643 Author: Kirsty Minton In keeping with their name, natural killer (NK) cells can have direct cytotoxic effects on virus-infected cells when stimulated through activating receptors. But signalling through such receptors can also result in NK cell proliferation. Christine Biron and colleagues now show that the resulting increase in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Innate immunity: Help from 'friendly' bacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 675 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2642 Author: Rachel David Commensal gut bacteria have many beneficial effects for the host, including competition with pathogens and induction of the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Now, Benson et al. add another function to this list by showing that the gut microbiota acts as an adjuvant to (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Innate immunity: A protective fungal spore coatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2641 Author: Christiaan van Ooij Although every breath we take contains thousands of fungal spores, these spores do not trigger an immune response. Latgé and colleagues, writing in a recent issue of Nature, show that the surface hydrophobin (RodA) that forms the rodlet layer around fungal spores (the conidia) (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Christiaan van Ooij Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Learning immunology from the yellow fever vaccine: innate immunity to systems vaccinologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 741 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2629 Author: Bali Pulendran Despite their great success, we understand little about how effective vaccines stimulate protective immune responses. Two recent developments promise to yield such understanding: the appreciation of the crucial role of the innate immune system in sensing microorganisms and tuning immune responses, and advances in systems (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bali Pulendran Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Skin immune sentinels in health and diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nickoloff Human skin and its immune cells provide essential protection of the human body from injury and infection. Recent studies reinforce the importance of keratinocytes as sensors of danger through alert systems such as the inflammasome. In addition, newly identified CD103+ dendritic cells are (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Frank O. NestlePaola Di MeglioJian-Zhong QinBrian J. Nickoloff Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Regulatory T cells: Eos: the sound of silenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 674 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2639 Author: Olive Leavy Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (TReg) cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is required for their suppressive function. Although much is known about the mechanisms of FOXP3-mediated gene (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Complement regulators and inhibitory proteinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Skerka The complement system is important for cellular integrity and tissue homeostasis. Complement activation mediates the removal of microorganisms and the clearance of modified self cells, such as apoptotic cells. Complement regulators control the spontaneously activated complement cascade and any disturbances in this delicate balance can (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - September 3, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Peter F. ZipfelChristine Skerka Tags: Review Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2633 Regulatory T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

From the editorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 601 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2632 I (Elaine Bell) was privileged to join Nature Publishing Group in January 2001 as the launch Editor for Nature Reviews Immunology, and in October 2001, following a nine-month gestation, we published our first issue — and yes, it felt very similar to one's thoughts (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: From The Editors Source Type: journals

Viral immunity: Are men and women different?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2631 Author: Rachel David It is well documented that there are considerable differences in HIV-1 disease progression between men and women, with women progressing significantly faster to AIDS than men with the same viral load. Meier et al. now show that this might be partially due to differential (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Phagocytosis: Don't eat the HSCsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 603 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2627 Author: Olive Leavy In two papers published recently in Cell, Irving Weissman and colleagues identify an important role for CD47 in protecting circulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors (HSPCs) from phagocytosis. They also show that targeting CD47, which is constitutively upregulated on self-renewing leukaemia stem (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Signalling crosstalk in B cells: managing worth and needEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 657 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2621 Author: Michael P. Cancro The B cell receptor (BCR) and the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFFR) have complementary roles in B cells: BCR signals provide a cell-intrinsic measure of suitability for negative or positive selection, whereas BAFFR responds to homeostatic demands based on a cell-extrinsic measure of the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael P. Cancro Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Interdependence of hypoxic and innate immune responsesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ohnson Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important transcriptional regulator of cell metabolism and the adaptation to cellular stress caused by oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). Phagocytic cells have an essential role in innate immune defence against pathogens and this is a battle that takes place mainly in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Victor NizetRandall S. Johnson Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Inflammation: Finding the T in fatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 607 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2630 Author: Lucy Bird Recent research by three independent groups reveals an important link between T cells and metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Alterations in the composition of T cell populations that infiltrate adipose tissue are shown to influence the development of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. The studies (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Natural killer cells: Stop, look, listenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2628 Author: Kirsty Minton When a migratory natural killer (NK) cell encounters a potential target cell, it must stop and integrate signals from various sensory inputs to decide whether to proceed with a cytolytic response. Daniel Davis and colleagues show how the formation of a lytic synapse between an (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Cytokine determinants of viral tropismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ric Bartee The specificity of a given virus for a cell type, tissue or species — collectively known as viral tropism — is an important factor in determining the outcome of viral infection in any particular host. Owing to the increased prevalence of zoonotic infections and the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 20, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Grant McFaddenMohamed R. MohamedMasmudur M. RahmanEric Bartee Tags: Review Source Type: journals