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Host response: Spotlight on SFBEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 840 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2277 Author: Katrina Ray The human gut is home to trillions of commensal microorganisms, and we are beginning to understand how these microorganisms interact with, and influence, the host immune system. New research published in Immunity and Cell now reveals that a specific commensal species, segmented filamentous (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Katrina Ray Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Fungal metabolism: Completing the circleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 842 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2276 Author: Sheilagh Molloy Fungi can produce an impressive variety of secondary metabolites, the most abundant of which are the polyketides. Reporting in Nature, Jason Crawford, Tyler Korman and colleagues present the mechanistic basis of the main cyclization reaction that is necessary for the production of the potent (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheilagh Molloy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 841 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2275 BiofilmsEscherichia coli (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In this issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 837 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2274 The WHO estimates that a third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, even if they do not show signs of clinical disease. However, the classification of tuberculosis (TB) as either latent or active has limited our understanding of its biology. On (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: journals

Closing the GAPP on pneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 838 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2273 Pneumonia kills more children under 5 years of age than any other infectious disease, but affordable and effective treatment and prevention measures are available. The time has come for the world to wake up to this forgotten killer. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Disease watch: In the newsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 844 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2272 Paracetamol reduces vaccine effectivenessRoutinely giving paracetamol to children after vaccination as a precaution against fever may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccination itself, researchers from the Czech Republic have found. A randomized trial of 459 children receiving vaccines showed that treatment with paracetamol in (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Genome watch: Probiotics stick it to the manEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 843 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2271 Author: Alan Walker This month's Genome Watch highlights the part that genomics can play in generating new insights into the interactions of probiotic Lactobacillus strains with the human gut. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alan Walker Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Bacterial physiology: Switch-hitting RNaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 842 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2267 Author: Andrew Jermy In the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, mRNA decay is initiated by RNase E-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage. By contrast, Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis lacks RNase E but does contain two enzymes, RNase J1 and RNase J2, that have endonucleolytic and 5′–3′ exonucleolytic activity and are known (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

No link between probiotics and obesity? Author replyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 901 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2209-c3 Author: Didier Raoult I am surprised that my Editorial (Probiotics and obesity: a link? (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Didier Raoult Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

No causal link between obesity and probioticsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
r Reid We wish to counter the comments of Raoult (Probiotics and obesity: a link? (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nathalie DelzenneGregor Reid Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Probiotics – little evidence for a link to obesityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Probiotics – little evidence for a link to obesity Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 901 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2209-c1 Author: S. Dusko Ehrlich In a recent Editorial by Raoult (Probiotics and obesity: a link? (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: S. Dusko Ehrlich Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Antiviral immunity: A new role for RNase LEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 840 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2270 Author: Rachel David RNase L plays an integral part in antiviral immunity by cleaving viral RNA and thereby activating the type I interferon (IFN) response. A study recently published in PLoS Pathogens now shows that RNase L also protects from virus-induced demyelination of the central nervous system (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Falkow Humans and our ancestors have evolved since the most ancient times with a commensal microbiota. The conservation of indicator species in a niche-specific manner across all of the studied human population groups suggests that the microbiota confer conserved benefits on humans. Nevertheless, certain of these (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Martin J. BlaserStanley Falkow Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Dancing genomes: fungal nuclear positioningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Berman The many different mechanisms that fungi use to transmit and share genetic material are mediated by a broad range of chromosome and nuclear dynamics. The mechanics underlying nuclear migration are well integrated into detailed models, in which the forces supplied by plus- and minus-end-directed microtubule (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Amy GladfelterJudith Berman Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Defining infections in international travellers through the GeoSentinel surveillance networkEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leder International travellers are often exposed to a wide range of infections, most of which are a reflection of common diseases in the destination country. The consequences of acquiring such infections are serious and can be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Attempting to define the (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Joseph TorresiKarin Leder Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Artemisinin-based combination therapies: a vital tool in efforts to eliminate malariaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fidock Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine has led to the recent adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as the first line of treatment against malaria. ACTs comprise semisynthetic artemisinin derivatives paired with distinct chemical classes of longer acting drugs. These artemisinins are exceptionally (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Richard T. EastmanDavid A. Fidock Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Bacterial responses to photo-oxidative stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
onohue Singlet oxygen is one of several reactive oxygen species that can destroy biomolecules, microorganisms and other cells. Traditionally, the response to singlet oxygen has been termed photo-oxidative stress, as light-dependent processes in photosynthetic cells are major biological sources of singlet oxygen. Recent work identifying a (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eva C. ZiegelhofferTimothy J. Donohue Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Host response: Damage repairEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 839 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2264 Author: Christiaan van Ooij Bacteria are present in large numbers in the intestines of many animals, but how the host maintains the integrity of its tissues in the presence of these bacteria is still poorly understood. In a recent issue of Genes & Development, Buchon and colleagues show (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christiaan van Ooij Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

HIV: No place to hideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 840 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2263 Author: Andrew Jermy Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reduce viral load below detectable levels, it cannot cure HIV-1 infection, owing to the presence of a reservoir of latent integrated HIV-1 proviruses in resting CD4+ T cells. Coupling the reactivation of this viral reservoir with (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

The spectrum of latent tuberculosis: rethinking the biology and intervention strategiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
nson & Douglas Young Immunological tests provide evidence of latent tuberculosis in one third of the global population, which corresponds to more than two billion individuals. Latent tuberculosis is defined by the absence of clinical symptoms but carries a risk of subsequent progression to clinical disease, particularly in the (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Clifton E. Barry 3rdHelena I. BoshoffVéronique DartoisThomas DickSabine EhrtJoAnne FlynnDirk SchnappingerRobert J. WilkinsonDouglas Young Tags: Review Source Type: journals

The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 836 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2244 Author: Lynette Cegelski, Garland R. Marshall, Gary R. Eldridge & Scott J. Hultgren Nature Reviews Microbiology6, 17–27 (2008), doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1818In the above article, a mistake was introduced in figure 4. The correct figure is shown below. We wish to apologize to the authors, and to readers, for any confusion (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lynette CegelskiGarland R. MarshallGary R. EldridgeScott J. Hultgren Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Explaining microbial population genomics through phage predationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
t Rohwer & Alex Mira The remarkable differences that have been detected by metagenomics in the genomes of strains of the same bacterial species are difficult to reconcile with the widely accepted paradigm that periodic selection within bacterial populations will regularly purge genomic diversity by clonal replacement. We have found (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Francisco Rodriguez-ValeraAna-Belen Martin-CuadradoBeltran Rodriguez-BritoLejla PašićT. Frede ThingstadForest RohwerAlex Mira Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
da & José Alcamí HIV-1 can infect both activated and resting, non-dividing cells, following which the viral genome can be permanently integrated into a host cell chromosome. Latent HIV-1 reservoirs are established early during primary infection and constitute a major barrier to eradication, even in the presence of highly (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mayte CoirasMaría Rosa López-HuertasMayte Pérez-OlmedaJosé Alcamí Tags: Review Source Type: journals

In the NewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 764 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2257 CEACAM6 and Crohn's DiseaseInvestigators have found that expression of human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) makes mice susceptible to infection by adhesive and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which has been linked to Crohn's disease in humans. Crohn's disease is thought to (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Unity in diversity: lessons from CandidaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
b Pain This month's Genome Watch showcases the use of genomic comparisons at different depths to investigate pathogenicity within the Candida clade. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christiane Hertz-FowlerArnab Pain Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Fungal physiology: Candida puts RNA at the tipEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 762 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2254 Author: Christiaan van Ooij The generation of cell polarity is a fundamental feature of eukaryotic cells and the basis for many biological processes, such as cell division and differentiation. One mechanism for achieving cell polarity is through the localization of specific mRNAs. In yeast, RNA localization is best exemplified (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christiaan van Ooij Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Bacterial immune evasion: An evasive surfaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 762 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2251 Author: Sheilagh Molloy Gram-positive bacterial pathogens can evade the host innate immune response by using a cell surface protein to synthesize adenosine, a potent suppressor of inflammation, according to a new report in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus use various (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheilagh Molloy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 761 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2256 Environmental microbiology (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Symbiosis: A partnership cast in ironEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 760 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2255 Author: Andrew Jermy Many species of bloom-forming algae in the phytoplankton form beneficial or obligate associations with marine bacteria. Such partnerships are thought to enable the sharing of metabolites and nutrients, although a detailed understanding of most of these interactions is lacking. The acquisition of iron may be (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Bacterial pathogenesis: A 'hijacked' regulatory mechanismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 760 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2252 Author: Rachel David To disseminate between host cells, Listeria monocytogenes polymerizes host cell actin using ActA, a bacterial protein that mimics the action of Wiscott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and recruits the actin-nucleating ARP2/3 complex to the bacterial surface. This results in the formation of actin tails, which (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Fungal physiology: Stressed fungi are not highly sprungEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 760 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2247 Author: Andrew Jermy Saccharomyces cerevisiae maintains cellular integrity in the presence of cell wall stress by upregulating cell wall-remodelling pathways. Such stresses are detected by a group of five transmembrane sensor proteins, Wsc1–Wsc3, Mid2 and Mtl2. In an article published online in Nature Chemical Biology, Dupres (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Bacterial physiology: Mirror signal, manoeuvreEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 759 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2250 Author: Sheilagh Molloy A recent Science paper from the Waldor laboratory provides evidence that bacteria use D-amino acids to remodel the cell wall during the adaptation to stationary phase.Almost all naturally occurring proteinogenic amino acids are chiral and, as such, can exist as L- (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheilagh Molloy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Giving microbial diversity a homeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Wilson Efforts to house environmental microbial culture collections, resources and data are lagging behind the speed of discovery in the scientific community. Emerson and Wilson explain the need to increase the investment in biological resource centres to meet this growing challenge. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: David EmersonWillie Wilson Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

In this issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 757 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2258 To survive in a host, a pathogen must avoid detection by the host immune system or stay one step ahead of it. One way that HIV avoids detection and clearance is by establishing a latent reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells. Several (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: journals

Humans and evolutionary and ecological forces shaped the phylogeography of recently emerged diseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Wagner The development of human civilizations and global commerce has led to the emergence and worldwide circulation of many infectious diseases. Anthrax, plague and tularaemia are three zoonotic diseases that have been intensely studied through genome characterization of the causative species and phylogeographical analyses. A few (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Paul S. KeimDavid M. Wagner Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Structural biology of the chaperone–usher pathway of pilus biogenesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Structural biology of the chaperone–usher pathway of pilus biogenesis Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 765 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2220 Authors: Gabriel Waksman & Scott J. Hultgren The chaperone–usher (CU) pathway of pilus biogenesis is the most widespread of the five pathways that assemble adhesive pili at the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Recent progress in the study of the structural biology of the CU pathway has unravelled the molecular basis of chaperone (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gabriel WaksmanScott J. Hultgren Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Metabolism, cell growth and the bacterial cell cycleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Levin Adaptation to fluctuations in nutrient availability is a fact of life for single-celled organisms in the 'wild'. A decade ago our understanding of how bacteria adjust cell cycle parameters to accommodate changes in nutrient availability stemmed almost entirely from elegant physiological studies completed in the (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jue D. WangPetra A. Levin Tags: Perspectives Source Type: journals

The evolutionary conundrum of pathogen mimicryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Malik Evolutionary conflicts involving mimicry are found throughout nature. Diverse pathogens produce a range of 'mimics' that resemble host components in both form and function. Such mimics subvert crucial cellular processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics and immunity. Here, we review the mounting evidence (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nels C. EldeHarmit S. Malik Tags: Review Source Type: journals

The trypanosome flagellar pocketEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ington Trypanosomes are important disease agents and excellent models for the study of evolutionary cell biology. The trypanosome flagellar pocket is a small invagination of the plasma membrane where the flagellum exits the cytoplasm and participates in many cellular processes. It is the only site of (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mark C. FieldMark Carrington Tags: Review Source Type: journals

In the NewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 692 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2234 Transplant troubleHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients suffering from haematological malignancies is accompanied by a high incidence of fungal infections. However, individual risks of infection vary substantially between HSCT recipients. Plantinga et al. now identify a polymorphism in the DECTIN 1 (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Bacterial physiology: Another brick in the invisible wall?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 688 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2233 Author: Sheilagh Molloy In a recent report in Molecular Microbiology, Beate Henrichfreise, Andrea Schiefer and colleagues investigate the intriguing question of why the cell-wall-less obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia and Wolbachia spp. retain components of the cell wall biosynthesis pathway.In bacteria, cell division and cell (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheilagh Molloy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Climate change and mutualismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 686 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2232 Author: Diana L. Six Climate change is likely to have a profound impact on the distribution of life on this planet. As Diana Six explains, mutualistic relationships will be affected particularly severely. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Diana L. Six Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

In this issueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 685 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2231 For microbiologists who work on multiprotein complexes, progress towards understanding how they function at the molecular level can seem slow. Structural information for each component is vital, but generating high-quality data can be the rate-limiting step, especially if the complex of interest spans a membrane. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: journals

In BriefEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 688 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2230 Bacterial physiology (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Innate immunity: Help from 'friendly' bacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 688 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2229 Author: Rachel David Commensal gut bacteria have many beneficial effects for the host, including competition with pathogens and induction of the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Now, Benson et al. add another function to this list by showing that the gut microbiota acts as an adjuvant to (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Innate immunity: A protective fungal spore coatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 690 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2228 Author: Christiaan van Ooij Although every breath we take contains thousands of fungal spores, these spores do not trigger an immune response. Latgé and colleagues, writing in a recent issue of Nature, show that the surface hydrophobin (RodA) that forms the rodlet layer around fungal spores (the conidia) (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christiaan van Ooij Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Of trees and networksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 691 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2227 Author: Georgios S. Vernikos This month's Genome Watch discusses the limitations of strictly binary classification models in the study of bacterial populations. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Georgios S. Vernikos Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: journals

Bacterial chromosomes: IPOD maps occupied territoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 690 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2226 Author: Andrew Jermy Despite advances in recent years, a systems-level understanding of DNA–protein interactions in the bacterial nucleoid is lacking. Such interactions have important roles in DNA replication, transcription and chromosomal organization. Now in a study published in Molecular Cell, Vora et al. have used a (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Bacterial secretion: Traffic jam closes the roadEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, 687 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2224 Author: Andrew Jermy In Escherichia coli, protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane is facilitated by the heterotrimeric Sec complex. Targeting of proteins to the Sec complex depends on the presence of an amino-terminal signal sequence and can occur in one of two ways. Proteins can be targeted (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew Jermy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

The structural biology of type IV secretion systemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
riel Waksman Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile secretion systems that are found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and secrete a wide range of substrates, from single proteins to protein–protein and protein–DNA complexes. They usually consist of 12 components that are organized into ATP-powered, double-membrane-spanning (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rémi FronzesPeter J. ChristieGabriel Waksman Tags: Review Source Type: journals