Perceived gaze direction affects recollection processes in recognition of concrete and abstract words: electrophysiological evidence
Studies have revealed that memory performance can be affected by perceived gaze direction. However, it remains unclear whether direct gaze promotes or hinders word memory, and the effect of gaze direction on memory of words with different concreteness requires investigation. In the study phase, concrete and abstract words were presented on direct- or averted-gaze faces, and participants were instructed to judge gaze direction and memorize words. In the test phase, participants were asked to discriminate whether a word was old or new. Electroencephalogram recordings were taken in both phases. Behavioral and time-frequency r...
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
The purinergic receptors 2X3 on spiral ganglion neurons enhance the medial olivocochlear reflex in mice after long-term moderate noise exposure
Our purpose was to study the expression of purinergic receptors 2X2 (P2X2) and purinergic receptors 2X3 (P2X3) in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the afferent nerves of medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, after long-term moderate noise exposure, and its relationship with the enhancement of MOC reflex. Mice were exposed a moderate broadband noise for 4 weeks consecutively. Then mouse hearing functions, including threshold auditory brainstem responses, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, and MOC reflex, were evaluated and the expression of P2X2 and P2X3 on SGNs were assessed by cochlear immunofluorescence. AF-353 was in...
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Effects of surrounding frames and inner targeted line segments on event-related potentials in geometric-optical illusions
Conclusions
These findings implicate that the perceptual and cognitive processes of the geometric-optical illusions are correlated to the surrounding frames/background, as well as the orientation/direction of inner targeted line segments in geometric figures. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
More than static: altered dynamic functional connectivity of primary visual cortex in the comitant exotropia patients
Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that comitant exotropia (CE) patients exhibit dysfunction in various visual cortical areas. However, whether the CE patients showed abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in primary visual cortex (V1) changes remains unknown. A total of 36 CE patients (25 males and 11 females) and 36 well-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were enrolled in the study. The dFC with sliding window method was applied to investigate the dynamic functional connectivity changes in primary visual cortex (V1). Compared with HCs, CE patients had decreased dFC values between left V1 and righ...
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research
The effects of social defeat stress on hippocampal glial cells and interleukin-6 in adolescence and adulthood
Adolescent social stress has been associated with the vulnerability to developing psychopathological disorders in adulthood that are accompanied by brain inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes of the hippocampal neuroinflammatory mediators, including microglia, astrocyte, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in mice experiencing social defeat stress during adolescence. Adolescent mice were divided into the control group and stress group. Mice in the stress group were exposed to chronic intermittent social defeat for a total of 12 days, and control mice were reared in normal condi...
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Spermidine inhibits high glucose-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HT22 cells by upregulation of growth differentiation factor 11
Hyperglycemia-induced neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is particularly important for the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. Spermidine (Spd) has neuroprotection in several nervous system diseases. Our current study to explore the potential protective role of Spd in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal ER stress and the underlying mechanisms. HT22 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) to establish an in-vitro model of hyperglycemia toxicity. The HT22 cells’ activity was tested by cell counting kit-8 assay. RNA interference technology was used to silence the expression of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF...
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
LncRNA Taurine Up-Regulated 1 plays a proapoptotic role by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttle of HuR under the condition of neuronal ischemia
In conclusion, it was demonstrated that TUG1 accelerates the process of apoptosis by promoting the transfer of HuR to the cytoplasm and stabilizing COX-2 mRNA. These results provide useful information concerning a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
The brain responses to the gating opening mechanism on perceptual and conceptual mismatches in the 1-back matching task
Conclusion
Hence, the matching effect on P3 supported the gating opening mechanism on the matching subprocess underlying the N-back task. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Sympathetic blockage attenuates fasting-induced hepatic steatosis
This study is aimed to explore the neural mechanism of fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Mice were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine to block sympathetic nerve activity before fasting, and to explore the potential effects of chemical sympathectomy on fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and transcriptional changes. Twenty-four hours fasting led to obvious hepatic steatosis, low-core temperature, and similar effects to cold-induced white adipose lipolysis. The alterations in hepatic mRNA expression revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation did not result from an increase in hepatic lipogenesis or a decrease in fatty acid o...
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Relationship between the consciousness level and the structural neural connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: a pilot study
This pilot study investigated the relationship between the consciousness level and the structural neural connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC SNC) in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI), using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Twenty-three patients with HI-BI were recruited into the study based on predefined inclusion criteria. Their consciousness levels were evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Using DTT, the mPFC SNC was reconstructed for each patient. The average of the fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ...
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells decreases local and serological monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 level during the acute phase of rat spinal cord injury
Objectives:
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) is one of the most upregulated cytokines in the spinal cord and serum throughout acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation improves SCI through multiple mechanisms, including immunomodulation. Our study aimed to investigate whether OECs ameliorate acute inflammation after SCI by modulating MCP1 expression.
Methods:
We established a standardized clinically relevant contusion model using the NYU impactor. OECs were administered to the injured spinal cord via microinjection 30 minutes after injury. Rat locomotor functions...
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research
Impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation on working memory and selective attention in athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomized controlled trial
Conclusions
The study’s findings indicated that the protocol of applying tACS 1 MA with 10 HZ improved the working memory and selective attention of ADHD athletes. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
miR-128-3p inhibits the inflammation by targeting MAPK6 in penicillin-induced astrocytes
Conclusion
Altogether, miR-128-3p attenuates penicillin-induced cell injury and inflammation in astrocytes by targeting MAPK6, thus providing a protective role in epilepsy. (Source: NeuroReport)
Source: NeuroReport - November 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transcranial magnetic stimulation on the dorsal premotor cortex facilitates human visuomotor adaptation
The premotor cortex is traditionally known to be involved in motor preparation and execution. More recently, evidence from neuroscience research shows that the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is also involved in sensory error-based motor adaptation and that invasive brain stimulation on PMd can attenuate adaptation in monkeys. The present study examines if adaptation can be modulated noninvasively in humans. Twenty-five healthy volunteers participated in a motor task in which rapid arm-reaching movements were made to hit a target, whereas the online cursor feedback about the hand position was visually rotated, inducing sensor...
Source: NeuroReport - October 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
Enhanced anxiolytic and analgesic effectiveness or a better safety profile of morphine and tramadol combination in cholestatic and addicted mice
The involvement of the opioidergic system on anxiolytic and antinociceptive responses induced by cholestasis was investigated in cholestatic and addicted mice. Elevated plus-maze and tail-flick devices were used to assess anxiety and pain levels, respectively. The data indicated that induction of cholestasis and injection of opioid drugs including morphine and tramadol enhanced %OAT and %OAE but naloxone reduced %OAT and %OAE in the sham-operated and bile duct ligation (BDL) mice. Induction of cholestasis and addiction to morphine and tramadol prolonged tail-flick latency, which was reversed by naloxone. Coadministration o...
Source: NeuroReport - October 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research
