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350 records returned

Altered Regulation of CD200 Receptor in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages from Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microglia are the representative myeloid cells in the brain, and their over-activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia activation is believed to be regulated by the CD200-CD200R signaling. As the peripheral counterpart of microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) share the same progenitor and antigen markers, and they have similar biological behaviors and mirror microglial function in the brain. Here, we studied CD200R expression and its regulation in MDMs from 32 PD cases, 27 age-matched old controls, and 28 young controls. We found that the basal CD200R expressi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Luo XG, Zhang JJ, Zhang CD, Liu R, Zheng L, Wang XJ, Chen SD, Ding JQ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Sex Steroids Inhibit Osmotic Swelling of Retinal Glial Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Osmotic swelling of glial cells may contribute to the development of retinal edema. We investigated whether sex steroids inhibit the swelling of glial somata in acutely isolated retinal slices and glial cells of the rat. Superfusion of retinal slices or cells from control animals with a hypoosmolar solution did not induce glial swelling, whereas glial swelling was observed in slices of postischemic and diabetic retinas. Progesterone, testosterone, estriol, and 17ss-estradiol prevented glial swelling with half-maximal effects at approximately 0.3, 0.6, 6, and 20 muM, respectively. The effect of progesterone was apparent...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Neumann F, Wurm A, Linnertz R, Pannicke T, Iandiev I, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Strain Difference in the Up-Regulation of FGF-2 Protein Following a Neurotoxic Lesion of the Nigrostriatal Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we examined protein content of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in tissue samples taken from the ventral midbrain and striatum at two different time points following a neurotoxic lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway in two different rat strains, the outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) and inbred F344 x Brown Norway F1 hybrid (F344BNF(1)). Despite both rat strains having comparable lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway, we observed a difference in the temporal up-regulation of FGF-2 in ventral midbrain samples taken from the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Basic FGF was significantly up-regulated in ventral midbra...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yurek DM, Fletcher AM, Peters LE, Cass WA Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Cardioactive Protein-Hormonal Complexes of Brain and Heart.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
New cardioactive protein-hormone complexes (PHC) are identified in magnocellular nuclei of hypothalamus. It was proved that they are specific for nervous tissues and are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes of brain and visceral organs, including the heart. PHC dissociate into high-molecular forms which are new specific glycoproteins and the low-molecular cardioactive neurohormones. Results of our own studies on the functional activities of PHC as well as cardioactive peptides in the precardiac and auricular regions of the heart with respect to the parameters of haemostasis system are reviewed. PMID: 1...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Srapionyan RM, Galoyan AA Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Synergy of IL-23 and Th17 Cytokines: New Light on Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involve an interplay between host genetics and environmental factors including intestinal microbiota. Animal models of IBD have indicated that chronic inflammation can result from over-production of inflammatory responses or deficiencies in key negative regulatory pathways. Recent research advances in both T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) effect responses have offered new insights on the induction and regulation of mucosal immunity which is linked to the development of IBD. Th17 cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-22, in combinatio...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shen W, Durum SK Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Effects of N-Acetylcysteine/Deferoxamine, Taurine and RC-3095 on Respiratory Chain Complexes and Creatine Kinase Activities in Rat Brain After Sepsis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pathogenesis of sepsis is characterized by an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response that can lead to multiple organ failure. Considering that we have recently demonstrated that mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase (CK) are altered in the brain of rats after cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and that a combination of N-acetylcysteine/deferoxamine (NAC/DFX), taurine and RC-3095 were shown to be an effective treatment of sepsis, we investigated whether the alterations of these enzymes may be reversed by these drugs. The results demonstrated that CLP inhibited complexes I and II, and that all th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cassol OJ, Rezin GT, Petronilho FC, Scaini G, Gonçalves CL, Ferreira GK, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Lead Affects Apoptosis and Related Gene XIAP and Smac Expression in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lead (Pb) exposure poses devastating effects on central nervous system development of children. To replicate aspects of this neurotoxicity, we examined the effect of lead on the expression of apoptosis and of apoptosis-related genes, XIAP (X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and Smac (second mitochondrial activator of caspase), in the hippocampus of developing rats. A total of 48 rats (30-day old) were randomly divided into four groups for intragastrical perfusion of lead acetate [Pb(Ac)(2)]: untreated, low (2 mg/kg/d), medium (20 mg/kg/d), and high (200 mg/kg/d) dose groups. Pb content was determined i...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu J, Han D, Li Y, Zheng L, Gu C, Piao Z, Au WW, Xu X, Huo X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Editors List From 1976 To 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19904604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neurochemical Research)
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Fatty Acid Composition of Frontal, Temporal and Parietal Neocortex in the Normal Human Brain and in Alzheimer's Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dietary omega3-polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to influence the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and supplemental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) has been reported to reduce neurodegeneration in mouse models of AD. We have analysed the fatty acid composition of frontal, temporal and parietal neocortex in 58 normal and 114 AD brains. Significant reductions were found for stearic acid (18:0) in frontal and temporal cortex and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in temporal cortex in AD, and increases in oleic acid in frontal and temporal cortex (18:1n-9) and palmitic acid (16:0) in parietal cortex. DHA level varied m...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 11, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fraser T, Tayler H, Love S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Cyclic AMP Production in Isolated Bovine and Porcine Neural Retinae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been reported to exert pharmacological effects on neural and non-neural tissues from several mammalian species. In the present study, we examined the role of the intracellular messenger, cyclic AMP in retinal response to H(2)S donors, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and sodium sulfide (Na(2)S) in cows and pigs. Isolated bovine and porcine neural retinae were incubated in oxygenated Krebs buffer solution prior to exposure to varying concentrations of NaHS, Na(2)S or the diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase, forskolin. After incubation at different time intervals, tissue homogenates were prepa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 8, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Njie-Mbye YF, Bongmba OY, Onyema CC, Chitnis A, Kulkarni M, Opere CA, Leday AM, Ohia SE Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Intrastriatal Transplantation of GDNF-engineered BMSCs and its neuroprotection in Lactacystin-induced Parkinsonian Rat Model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The potential value of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in treating Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GDNF-engineered bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in parkinsonian rat model, GDNF-BMSCs and LacZ-BMSCs were transplanted into striatum and followed by Lactacystin lesioning at median forebrain bundles 1 week later. We observed that the intrastriatal transplantation of GDNF-BMSCs could significantly rescue the dopaminergic neurons from lactacystin-induced neurotoxicity with regard to behavioral recovery, tyrosine hydroxylase level in nigra an...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wu J, Yu W, Chen Y, Su Y, Ding Z, Ren H, Jiang Y, Wang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Phenylalanine-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Preventing RhoA Pathway Activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we reported that brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) protected neurons from phenylalanine-induced apoptosis and inhibition of Trk receptor by K252a or downregulation of TrkB abrogated the effect of BDNF. We further demonstrated that phenylalanine-induced RhoA activation and myosin light chain phosphorylation were inhibited by pretreatment with BDNF, while phenylalanine activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase pathway. Thus our studies indicate that the protective effect of BDNF against phenylalanine-induced neuronal apoptosis is probably mediated by suppression of R...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Jiao X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Neuroprotective and Neurological Properties of Melissa officinalis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Melissa officinalis has traditionally been used due to its effects on nervous system. Both methanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for protective effects on the PC12 cell line, free radical scavenging properties and neurological activities (inhibition of MAO-A and acetylcholinesterase enzymes and affinity to the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor). The results suggest that the plant has a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect on hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity in PC12 cells. The radical scavenging properties were also investigated in cells and in cell free systems, where this plant was shown to be a good free...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: López V, Martín S, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, Jäger AK, Calvo MI Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Regulation of [(3)h] d: -aspartate release from Mammalian isolated retinae by hydrogen sulfide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), can produce pharmacological effects on neural and non-neural tissues from several mammalian species. The present study investigates the pharmacological action of H(2)S, (using sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS, and/or sodium sulfide, Na(2)S as donors) on amino acid neurotransmission (using [(3)H] D: -aspartate as a marker for glutamate) from isolated, superfused bovine and porcine retinae. Isolated neural retinae were incubated in Krebs solution containing [(3)H] D: -aspartate at 37 degrees C. Release of [(3)H] D: -aspartate was elicited by high potassium (K(+) 50 mM) pulse. Both NaHS and Na(2)S donor...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Opere CA, Monjok EM, Kulkarni KH, Njie YF, Ohia SE Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

BACE and gamma-Secretase Characterization and Their Sorting as Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Amyloidogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Secretases are named for enzymes processing amyloid precursor protein (APP), a prototypic type-1 membrane protein. This led directly to discovery of novel Aspartyl proteases (beta-secretases or BACE), a tetramer complex gamma-secretase (gamma-SC) containing presenilins, nicastrin, aph-1 and pen-2, and a new role for metalloprotease(s) of the ADAM family as a alpha-secretases. Recent advances in defining pathways that mediate endosomal-lysosomal-autophagic-exosomal trafficking now provide targets for new drugs to attenuate abnormal production of fibril forming products characteristic of AD. A key to success includes not...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 16, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marks N, Berg MJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

The Extracellular Matrix Protein SC1/Hevin Localizes to Multivesicular Bodies in Bergmann Glial Fibers in the Adult Rat Cerebellum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SC1 is an extracellular matrix molecule prominent in the mammalian brain. In the cerebellum, SC1 localizes to Bergmann glial cells and perisynaptic glial processes that envelop synapses in the molecular layer. In the present study, confocal microscopy revealed a punctate distribution of SC1 along Bergmann glial fibers that colocalized with the intermediate filament GFAP when fibers were viewed in cross-section. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the punctate SC1 pattern corresponded to the localization of SC1 in multivesicular bodies situated within Bergmann glial fibers. The pattern of SC1 localization was not disr...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lively S, Brown IR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Promotion of Lipid and Protein Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain by Ethylmalonic Acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High concentrations of ethylmalonic acid are found in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by ethylmalonic encephalopathy, deficiency of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and other illnesses characterized by developmental delay and neuromuscular symptoms. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the brain damage in these patients are virtually unknown. Therefore, in the present work we investigated the in vitro effect of EMA on oxidative stress parameters in rat cerebral cortex. EMA significantly increased chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive species levels (lipoperoxidati...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Schuck PF, Busanello EN, Moura AP, Tonin AM, Grings M, Ritter L, Vargas CR, da Costa Ferreira G, Wajner M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Cocaine Induces Alterations in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Dual Cell Cycle Arrest in Rat C6 Astroglioma Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Investigations with astroglial cells carry more prominence in drug abuse studies. However, due to earlier perception that astroglial cells were only passive bystanders in neural signal transmission, not many investigations were conducted on the toxicity of various abused drugs, like cocaine. The present study was aimed to discern the effect of cocaine on rat astroglioma cells and analyzed qualitatively for morphological features as well as vacuolation by phase contrast microscope, quantitatively for cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential by rhodamine- 123 fluorometric assay, and cell cycle analysis by flow cyto...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Badisa RB, Darling-Reed SF, Goodman CB Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Scopolamine Induced Amnesia is Reversed by Bacopa monniera Through Participation of Kinase-CREB Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, is reported to produce amnesia by interference of long term potentiation and has been used for discerning the efficacy of various antiamnesic drugs. The intoxication with anticholinergics and benzodiazepines tend to produce neurodegeneration which cause memory deficits. Our earlier reports have shown the antiamnesic drug, B. monniera to be capable of alleviating diazepam induced memory deficits. We have now tested how scopolamine affects downstream signaling molecules of long term potentiation and if B. monniera can also modulate the scopolamine induced amnesia. We used Morris wate...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Saraf MK, Anand A, Prabhakar S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

SSeCKS is a Suppressor in Schwann Cell Differentiation and Myelination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Src-suppressed protein kinase C substrate (SSeCKS) plays an important role in the differentiation process. In regeneration of sciatic nerve injury, expression of SSeCKS decreases, mainly in Schwann cells. However, the function of SSeCKS in Schwann cells differentiation remains unclear. We observed that SSeCKS was decreased in differentiated Schwann cells. In long-term SSeCKS-reduced Schwann cells, cell morphology changed and myelin gene expression induced by cAMP was accelerated. Myelination was also enhanced in SSeCKS-suppressed Schwann cells co-culture with dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, we found suppressio...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ji Y, Tao T, Cheng C, Yang H, Wang Y, Yang J, Liu H, He X, Wang H, Shen A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

An Improved Phenylarsine Oxide-Affinity Method Identifies Triose Phosphate Isomerase as a Candidate Redox Receptor Protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reversible oxidation on proteins of vicinal thiols to form intraprotein disulfides is believed to be an important means by which redox sensitivity is conferred on cellular signaling and metabolism. Affinity chromatography using immobilized phenylarsine oxide (PAO), which binds preferentially to vicinal thiols over monothiols, has been used in very limited studies to isolate the fraction of cellular proteins that exhibit reversible oxidation of vicinal thiols to presumed disulfide bonds. A challenge to the use of PAO-affinity chromatography for isolation of readily oxidizable vicinal thiol proteins (VTPs) has been the l...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Foley TD, Stredny CM, Coppa TM, Gubbiotti MA Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Phosphorylation Changes of CaMKII, ERK1/2, PKB/Akt Kinases and CREB Activation During Early Long-Term Potentiation at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Mouse Hippocampal Synapses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Protein phosphorylation is the main signaling system known to trigger synaptic changes underlying long-term potentiation (LTP). The timing of these phosphorylations plays an essential role to maintain the potentiated state of synapses. However, in mice a simultaneous analysis of phosphorylated proteins during early-LTP (E-LTP) has not been thoroughly carried out. Here we described phosphorylation changes of alphaCaMKII, ERK1/2, PKB/Akt and CREB at different times after E-LTP induced at Schaffer collateral/commissural fiber-CA1 synapses by 1 s 100 Hz tetanic stimulation in mouse hippocampal slices. We found that phospho...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Racaniello M, Cardinale A, Mollinari C, D'Antuono M, De Chiara G, Tancredi V, Merlo D Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Behavioural and Histological Effects of Preconditioning with Lipopolysaccharide in Epileptic Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sublethal stress stimuli such as systemic endotoxin treatment can induce tolerance of the brain to subsequent ischemic stress, which results in a decreased infarct size. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preconditioning could protect hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats. To test this hypothesis, the anticonvulsant effect of a low dose of LPS against seizures elicited by pilocarpine hydrochloride was measured. Using the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy and LPS-preconditioning, we also investigated hippocampal pathology in the rat brain. Based on the behavioural obs...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dmowska M, Cybulska R, Schoenborn R, Piersiak T, Jaworska-Adamu J, Gawron A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Postnatal Expression of GAD67.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor blockade promotes apoptosis at postnatal day 7 (P7) and is linked to loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression in older animals. To more fully appreciate this relationship we must first understand how GAD67 is regulated postnatally. Thus, the brains of P7, P14 and P21 rats were examined for expression of GAD67 protein and we found that levels of this GABAergic marker increased steadily with age, such that by P21 there was as much as a 6-fold increase compared to P7 animals and a 1.5- to 2-fold increase compared to P14 animals, depending on the region sampled. At P7, GAD67...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Turner CP, Ware E, Stowe R, Debenedetto D, Walburg C, Lee A, Swanson J, Lambert A, Lyle M, Desai P, Liu C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

The Effects of Polyphenols on Survival and Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Iron and Paraquat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which at present no causal treatment is available. On the understanding that the causes of PD are mainly oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidants and other drugs are expected to be used. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that pure polyphenols such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, propyl gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate protect, rescue and, most importantly, restore the impaired movement activity (i.e., climbing capability) induced by pa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Guzman-Martinez C, Velez-Pardo C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

GABA and Homovanillic Acid in the Plasma of Schizophrenic and Bipolar I Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have determined the plasma (p) concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), and the pHVA/pGABA ratio in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. The research was undertaken in a geographic area with an ethnically homogeneous population. The HVA plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in the schizophrenic patients compared to the bipolar patients. The levels of pGABA was significantly lower in the two groups of patients compared to the control group, while the pHVA/pGABA ratio was significantly greater in the both groups of patients compared to the controls...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 21, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Arrúe A, Dávila R, Zumárraga M, Basterreche N, González-Torres MA, Goienetxea B, Zamalloa MI, Anguiano JB, Guimón J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Neurotoxic Effects of Methamphetamine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was undertaken to gain greater mechanistic understanding of the toxicity induced by methamphetamine. We evaluated the effect of methamphetamine on the generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial monoamine oxidase, complex I & IV activities. Behavioral analysis evaluated the effect on catalepsy, akinesia and swim score. Neurotransmitter levels were evaluated using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrochemical detection (ECD). Results showed that methamphetamine caused significant generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased complex I activity in the mitochondria leading to dopamin...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thrash B, Karuppagounder SS, Uthayathas S, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Telomerase Deficiency Affects Normal Brain Functions in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Telomerase maintains telomere structures and chromosome stability, and it is essential for preserving the characteristics of stem and progenitor cells. In the brain, the hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs are continuously supplied with neural stem and progenitor cells that are required for adult neurogenesis throughout the life. Therefore, we examined whether telomerase plays important roles in maintaining normal brain functions in vivo. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression was observed in the hippocampus, the olfactory bulbs, and the cerebellum, but the telomerase RNA component (TERC) was not detected i...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lee J, Jo YS, Sung YH, Hwang IK, Kim H, Kim SY, Yi SS, Choi JS, Sun W, Seong JK, Lee HW Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Combination Treatment with Resveratrol and Sulforaphane Induces Apoptosis in Human U251 Glioma Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound highly enriched in grapes, peanuts, red wine, and a variety of food sources. Sulforaphane belongs to the family of isothiocyanates and is highly enriched in cruciferous vegetables. Our previous study showed that resveratrol, when used at high concentrations, inhibited cell proliferation, caused the cell cycle arrest and induced apoptotic cell death in glioma cells. In the current study, we tested the effect of combination treatment with resveratrol and sulforaphane, when both were used at low concentrations, on cell proliferation, migration and death in human U...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jiang H, Shang X, Wu H, Huang G, Wang Y, Al-Holou S, Gautam SC, Chopp M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Oxidative Mechanisms of Brain Dysfunction During Sepsis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress has drawn a lot of attention in the past few decades, since it has been reported to participate in the mechanism of many diseases. Therefore, it seemed to be a good rationale to aim oxidative stress on therapeutic research. Sepsis is a complex systemic syndrome characterized by an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to a pathogen; its pathophysiology is a dynamic process which involves components of the immune system, the coagulation pathway, parenchymal cells, and the endocrine and metabolic pathways. It is well characterized that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in sepsis deve...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 13, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dal-Pizzol F, Ritter C, Cassol-Jr OJ, Rezin GT, Petronilho F, Zugno AI, Quevedo J, Streck EL Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in the Attenuation of MPTP Neurotoxicity in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is not understood. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse model is widely used for studying PD. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Pretreatment with HSYA at a dose of 2, 8 mg/kg for a week was followed by intraperitoneal injection with MPTP (30 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. Next, the subsequent behavior, biochemical index and immunohistochemical manifestations in mice were determined. Behavioral testing sho...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 12, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Han B, Zhao H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Lipoic Acid Increases Hippocampal Choline Acetyltransferase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities and Improvement Memory in Epileptic Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study we investigated the effect of seizures on rat performance in the Morris water maze task, as well as on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.p., control group), lipoic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p., LA group), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., pilocarpine group), and the association of LA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) plus pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before of administration of LA (LA plus pilocarpine group). After the treatments all groups were observed for 1 h. The effect of lipoic acid administration was obser...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: de Freitas RM Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein in Reactive Astrocytes in Hippocampus of Kainic Acid-Induced Rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we evaluated the expression of APC and its association with beta-catenin signaling pathway, following the induction of an excitotoxic lesion by kainic acid (KA) injection, which cause pyramidal cell degeneration. APC was predominantly present in oligodendrocytes in the normal brain, but was specifically associated with activated astrocytes in the KA-treated brain. Our quantitative analysis revealed that APC significantly increased from 1 day post lesion (PI), reached peak values at 3 days PI, and decreased thereafter. The phospho-GSK3beta levels also showed similar spatiotemporal patterns while beta-catenin ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lee HN, Jeon GS, Kim DW, Cho IH, Cho SS Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Genome-Wide Microarray Analysis of the Differential Neuroprotective Effects of Antioxidants in Neuroblastoma Cells Overexpressing the Familial Parkinson's Disease alpha-Synuclein A53T Mutation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Parkinson's disease substantia nigra neurons degenerate likely due to oxidative damage interacting with genetic risk factors. Here, SH-SY5Y cells expressing wild-type or A53T alpha-synuclein had increased sensitivity to methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP(+)), which induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which causes oxidative stress. Edaravone protected only against MPP(+), and EGCG ((-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate) protected only against 6-OHDA. Thus genomic responses to MPP(+) and 6-OHDA in the presence of these antioxidants were analyzed using microarrays. Pathway analysis indicate...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ma L, Cao TT, Kandpal G, Warren L, Fred Hess J, Seabrook GR, Ray WJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Age-dependent increase in desmosterol restores DRM formation and membrane-related functions in cholesterol-free DHCR24(-/-) mice. Neurochemical Research (34, 1167-82).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19475506 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neurochemical Research)
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kuehnle K, Ledesma MD, Kalvodova L, Smith AE, Crameri A, Skaanes-Brunner F, Thelen KM, Kulic L, Lütjohann D, Heppner FL, Nitsch RM, Mohajeri MH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia Induced Protein Changes in the Piglet Hippocampus Identified by MALDI-TOF-MS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) induces protein changes in the brainstem, but its effects on the hippocampus have not yet been studied. Using a proteomics-based approach, we tested the hypothesis that IHH up-regulates apoptotic promoters and down-regulates apoptotic inhibitors in the developing hippocampus. Male piglets aged 13-14 days were assigned to control (n = 6) or IHH (n = 5) groups. Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), a total of 26 protein spots were differentially expressed in IHH compared ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 22, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tang S, Machaalani R, Kashem MA, Matsumoto I, Waters KA Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Decrease of Tau Hyperphosphorylation by 17beta Estradiol Requires Sphingosine Kinase in a Glutamate Toxicity Model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several studies have linked estrogens with sphingosine kinase (SphK) activity, enzyme responsible of sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis (S-1P), however their possible interaction in the nervous system is not documented yet. In the present study, we developed a glutamate toxicity model in SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate the possible effect of the inhibition of SphK activity on the protective capability of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Glutamate induced cytoskeletal actin changes associated to cytotoxic stress, significant increase of apoptotic-like nuclear fragmentation, Tau hyperphosphorylation and increase of p25/p35 cleavage. Thes...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lopez-Tobón A, Cepeda-Prado E, Cardona-Gómez GP Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Effects of Ketamine on the Balance of Ions Ca(2+), Mg (2+), Cu (2+) and Zn (2+) in the Ischemia-reperfusion Affected Spinal Cord Tissues in Rabbits.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To test the effects of ketamine on metal ion balance in the spinal cord tissues after ischemic reperfusion (I/R), 24 white adult Japanese rabbits were randomly assigned to sham operation group, I/R group or ketamine-treated I/R group. Spinal cord injuries in I/R group and ketamine-treated I/R group were induced by aortic occlusions. Rabbits in ketamine-treated I/R group were intravenously infused 10 mg/kg ketamine twice: once at 10 min before aortic clamping and once at the onset of reperfusion. Post-operative neurological functions and concentrations of ions Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) in the spinal cord were as...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yu QJ, Zhou QS, Huang HB, Wan YL, Tian SF, Duan DM Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Neurite Outgrowth is Dependent on the Association of c-Src and Lipid Rafts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Regulation of neurite outgrowth is an important aspect not only for proper development of the nervous system but also for tissue regeneration after nerve injury and the treatment of neuropathological conditions. Here, we report that neurite outgrowth in cortical neuron and neuro 2A (N2A) cell was dependent on intact lipid rafts, as well as the enhanced localization of c-Src in the lipid rafts. Src inhibition or lipid rafts disruption could specifically block c-Src phosphorylation profile, pY416 Src increase and pY529 Src decrease, they also resulted in pY529 Src and c-terminal Src kinase (Csk) partition out of lipid ra...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 15, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao H, Cao X, Wu G, Loh HH, Law PY Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Role of Selenium on Calcium Signaling and Oxidative Stress-induced Molecular Pathways in Epilepsy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there is convincing evidence for the proposed crucial role of selenium and deficiency of GSH-Px enzyme activity in epilepsy pathogenesis. Blood GSH-Px activities could be a reliable indicator of selenium deficiency in patients with epilepsy. PMID: 19513830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neurochemical Research)
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nazıroğlu M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Role of Prostanoid Production and Receptors in the Regulation of Retinal Endogenous Amino Acid Neurotransmitters by 8-Isoprostaglandin E(2), Ex Vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of enzymes and receptors of the prostanoid pathway in the inhibitory effect of 8-isoprostaglandin E(2) (8-isoPGE(2)) on endogenous amino acid neurotransmitter levels was examined, ex vivo. Freshly isolated bovine eyeballs were injected intravitreally with IsoPs, incubated in Krebs buffer for 30 min and retina prepared for HPLC-ECD detection of amino acids. 8-isoPGE(2) attenuated retinal glutamate and its metabolite, glutamine and glycine in a concentration-dependent manner. The non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitor, flurbiprofen, COX-2 selective inhibitor, NS-398 and thromboxane (Tx) synthase inhibitor,...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao M, Destache CJ, Ohia SE, Opere CA Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Targeting BuChE-inflammatory Pathway by SK0506 to Manage Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, current study has opened new potential avenues towards research for management of T2DM and AD by Chinese herbal extracts, "SK0506". PMID: 19504347 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neurochemical Research)
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kamal MA, Tan Y, Seale JP, Qu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Design and Assessment of a Potent Sodium Channel Blocking Derivative of Mexiletine for Minimizing Experimental Neuropathic Pain in Several Rat Models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Physical or chemical damage to peripheral nerves can result in neuropathic pain which is not easily alleviated by conventional analgesic drugs. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that voltage-gated Na(+) channels in the membrane of damaged nerves play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of pathological neuronal excitability not only of these peripheral nerves but also in the second- and third-order neurons in the pain pathway to the cerebral cortex. Na(+) channel blocking drugs have been used in treating neuropathic pain with limited success mainly because of a preponderance of side-effects. We have deve...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Weston RM, Subasinghe KR, Staikopoulos V, Jarrott B Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Detecting Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells: Development of a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay to Evaluate the PSD-95/NMDA Receptor Interaction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The PDZ domain mediated interaction between the NMDA receptor and its intracellular scaffolding protein, PSD-95, is a potential target for treatment of ischemic brain diseases. We have recently developed a number of peptide analogues with improved affinity for the PDZ domains of PSD-95 compared to the endogenous C-terminal peptide of the NMDA receptor, as evaluated by a cell-free protein-protein interaction assay. However, it is important to address both membrane permeability and effect in living cells. Therefore a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay was established, where the C-terminal of the NMDA ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gottschalk M, Bach A, Hansen JL, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Kristensen AS, Strømgaard K Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Effect of Ageing and Ischemia on Enzymatic Activities Linked to Krebs' Cycle, Electron Transfer Chain, Glutamate and Aminoacids Metabolism of Free and Intrasynaptic Mitochondria of Cerebral Cortex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of ageing and the relationships between the catalytic properties of enzymes linked to Krebs' cycle, electron transfer chain, glutamate and aminoacid metabolism of cerebral cortex, a functional area very sensitive to both age and ischemia, were studied on mitochondria of adult and aged rats, after complete ischemia of 15 minutes duration. The maximum rate (V (max)) of the following enzyme activities: citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase for Krebs' cycle; NADH-cytochrome c reductase as total (integrated activity of Complex I-III), rotenone sensitive (Complex I) and cytochrome oxidase...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Villa RF, Gorini A, Hoyer S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Rotenone Induces Cell Death of Cholinergic Neurons in an Organotypic Co-Culture Brain Slice Model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease cell death of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons are characteristic hallmarks, respectively. It is well established that rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I of the electron transport chain, induces cell death of dopaminergic neurons, however, not much is known on the effects of rotenone on cholinergic neurons. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of rotenone on cholinergic neurons in an organotypic in vitro brain co-slice model. When co-cultures were treated with 10 muM rotenone for 24 h a significantly decreased number of cholinergic neurons was found in the b...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ullrich C, Humpel C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Age-related Changes in the Insulin Receptor beta in the Gerbil Hippocampus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we observed age-related changes in the insulin receptor beta immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampus of gerbils of various ages in order to identify the correlation between the insulin receptor beta and aging processes in the hippocampus. Insulin receptor beta immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the molecular and polymorphic layers of the dentate gyrus, and in mossy fibers, Schaffer collaterals, alveus and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus proper (CA1-3) of gerbils at postnatal month 1 (PM 1). Insulin receptor beta immunoreactivity decreased with age in all of these struc...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Park CW, Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Choi JH, Lee CH, Park OK, Cho JH, Lee YL, Shin HC, Won MH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Rottlerin Inhibits (Na(+), K (+))-ATPase Activity in Brain Tissue and Alters D: -Aspartate Dependent Redistribution of Glutamate Transporter GLAST in Cultured Astrocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The naturally occurring toxin rottlerin has been used by other laboratories as a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) to obtain evidence that the activity-dependent distribution of glutamate transporter GLAST is regulated by PKC-delta mediated phosphorylation. Using immunofluorescence labelling for GLAST and deconvolution microscopy we have observed that D: -aspartate-induced redistribution of GLAST towards the plasma membranes of cultured astrocytes was abolished by rottlerin. In brain tissue in vitro, rottlerin reduced apparent activity of (Na(+), K(+))-dependent ATPase (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) and in...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nguyen KT, Shin JW, Rae C, Nanitsos EK, Acosta GB, Pow DV, Buljan V, Bennett MR, Else PL, Balcar VJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Free Radical Generation by Neurons in Rat Model of Japanese Encephalitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased generation of free radicals resulting in brain injury is a feature of many viral infections. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the level of free radicals in Japanese encephalitis. Twelve days old Wistar rats were inoculated intracerebrally with 3 x 10(6) pfu of JE virus and were sacrificed on 3, 6, 10, and 20 days post inoculation (dpi). The neuronal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), peroxinitrite (OONO(-)), necrotic and apoptotic cell population were estimated by flow cytometry. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was also performed. Maximum level of neuronal ROS and OONO(-) ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Srivastava R, Kalita J, Khan MY, Misra UK Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals

Systemic Oxidative Stress Associated with the Neurological Diseases of Aging.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Markers of oxidative stress were measured in blood samples of 338 subjects (965 observations): Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, diabetes (type II) superimposed to dementias, Parkinson's disease and controls. Patients showed increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (+21%; P < 0.05), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (+64%; P < 0.001) and decreased antioxidant capacity (-28%; P < 0.001); pairs of variables resulted linearly related across groups (P < 0.001). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase, involved in discrimination between diseases, resulted non-significant. When diabetes is superimposed with dem...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Serra JA, Domínguez RO, Marschoff ER, Guareschi EM, Famulari AL, Boveris A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: journals