Neurogastroenterology and MotilityThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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The microenvironment in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer induces neuronal plasticityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Intrapancreatic microenvironment in CP and PCa induces neuroplastic alterations under in-vitro conditions, leading to increased neural density and hypertrophy. Thus, due to its neurotrophic attributes, the intrapancreatic microenviroment in CP and PCa seems to be a key player in the generation of pancreatic neuropathy and neuroplasticity. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - November 12, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: i. e. demir, g. o. ceyhan, u. rauch, b. altintas, m. klotz, m. w. müller, m. w. büchler, h. friess, k.-h. schäfer Source Type: journals

Altered profiles of intestinal microbiota and organic acids may be the origin of symptoms in irritable bowel syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These results support the hypothesis that both fecal microbiota and organic acids are altered in IBS patients. A combination of Veillonella and Lactobacillus is known to produce acetic and propionic acid. High levels of acetic and propionic acid may associate with abdominal symptoms, impaired QOL and negative emotions in IBS. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - November 10, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: c. tana, y. umesaki, a. imaoka, t. handa, m. kanazawa, s. fukudo Source Type: journals

Long pulse gastric electrical stimulation induces regeneration of myenteric plexus synaptic vesicles in diabetic ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences The longer duration of diabetes, the more significant damages to myenteric neurons and synaptic vesicles of diabetic rats; long pulse GES could induce regeneration of myenteric plexus synaptic vesicles, thereby reform gastric motility. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - November 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: c. li, s. liu, y. guan, w. qian, f. du, x. hou Source Type: journals

Laser microdissection as a new tool to investigate site-specific gene expression in enteric ganglia of the human intestineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Laser microdissection combined with real-time RT-PCR is a novel technique to reliably detect and quantify site-specific expression of low-abundance mRNAs (e.g. growth factors, neurotransmitter receptors) related to the human enteric nervous system. This technical approach expands the spectrum of available tools to characterize enteric neuropathologies underlying human gastrointestinal motility disorders at the molecular biological level. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: m. böttner, f. bär, h. von koschitzky, k. tafazzoli, u. j. roblick, h.-p. bruch, t. wedel Source Type: journals

Decrease in nerve fibre density in human sigmoid colon circular muscle occurs with growth but not agingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences In human sigmoid colon circular muscle, there are reductions in nNOS-, VIP- and SP-IR nerve fibre density with growth from newborn to late adolescence but little further change with aging. The reduction in nerve density is due to an increase in circular muscle thickness rather than a loss of nerve fibres. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 15, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: b. r. southwell, t. l. koh, s. q. wong, s. k. king, s.-y. ong, m. lee, p. j. farmer, c. j. peck, j. r. sutcliffe, m. p. stanton, j. keck, d. j. cook, c. w. chow, j. m. hutson Source Type: journals

Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and joint hypermobility: is connective tissue the missing link?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences In a preliminary retrospective study, we have found a high incidence of JHM in patients referred to tertiary neurogastroenterology care with unexplained GI symptoms and in a proportion of these a diagnosis of BJHS is made. Symptoms and functional tests suggest GI dysmotility in a number of these patients. The possibility that a proportion of patients with unexplained GI symptoms and JHM may share a common pathophysiological disorder of connective tissue warrants further investigation. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 14, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: n. zarate, a. d. farmer, r. grahame, s. d. mohammed, c. h. knowles, s. m. scott, q. aziz Source Type: journals

Involvement of cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors in septic ileusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences The LPS model of septic ileus impairs jejunal myoelectrical activity and delays GI transit in vivo. Antagonists at the CB1 receptor or the CB2 receptor prevent the delay of GI transit and thus may be powerful tools in the future treatment of septic ileus. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 14, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: y.-y. li, y.-n. li, j.-b. ni, c.-j. chen, s. lv, s.-y. chai, r.-h. wu, b. yüce, m. storr Source Type: journals

Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility of the guinea pig through activation of a capsaicin-sensitive neural pathway: in vivo and in vitro functional studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility of the guinea pig through activation of capsaicin-sensitive vago-vagal reflex pathway including efferent cholinergic neurons. Peripheral ghrelin receptors on enteric nitrergic nerves might affect the ghrelin-induced gastric action by releasing nitric oxide. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 14, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: t. nakamura, t. onaga, t. kitazawa Source Type: journals

Site-specific differences in central processing of visceral stimuli from the rectum and the descending colon in menEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These findings suggest that central projections of painful visceral stimulation from the rectum and descending colon differ in affective, cognitive and nociceptive processing in the brain, which may result in different perceptions of visceral stimulation from different sites. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 12, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: m. kanazawa, t. hamaguchi, s. watanabe, t. terui, h. mine, m. kano, s. fukudo Source Type: journals

Is there any association between disturbed gastrointestinal visceromotor and sensory function and impaired quality of life in functional dyspepsia?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences In EPS and PDS, delayed gastric empting and altered sensory function are disease markers but not directly linked to the severity of HRQOL impairment or clinical presentation of FD. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 8, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: s. haag, w. senf, s. tagay, g. heuft, g. gerken, n. j. talley, g. holtmann Source Type: journals

Does body position modify the results of oesophageal high resolution manometry?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Body position can affect OGJ morphology and oesophageal motility assessment by HRM in some patients. Normal values in the sitting position should thus be determined. Inter-observer variation for the proposed classification of OGJ morphology must also be taken into account. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: s. roman, h. damon, p. e. pellissier, f. mion Source Type: journals

Enteric circular muscle dysfunction in the cystic fibrosis mouse small intestineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These results suggest that the enteric microbiota modulates PGE2 levels in a complex manner, which affects enteric smooth muscle activity and contributes to slower small intestinal transit in CF. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: r. c. de lisle, r. sewell, l. meldi Source Type: journals

The ageing gut: diminished symptom response to a standardized nutrient stimulusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background The prevalence of dyspepsia and the severity of reflux symptoms decreases with advancing age. We postulate that advancing age influences sensory function and this will be associated with a diminished symptom response to a standardized meal stimulus.Our aim was to assess the influence of age on visceral sensory function.Methods Baseline gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety and depression were assessed in 53 healthy volunteers using validated questionnaires. After an 8-h fast, subjects received 200 mL of a standardized enteral feeding solution every 5 min up to a cumulative volume of 800 mL. After each 200 mL dri...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: m. gururatsakul, r. h. holloway, b. adam, t. liebregts, n. j. talley, g. j. holtmann Source Type: journals

Differential stress-induced alterations of colonic corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the Wistar Kyoto ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences This study demonstrates that psychological and physical stressors alter colonic CRF receptor expression and further support a role for local colonic CRF signalling in stress-induced changes in GI function. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: d. o'malley, m. julio-pieper, s. m. gibney, r. d. gosselin, t. g. dinan, j. f. cryan Source Type: journals

Prolonged IL-1β exposure alters neurotransmitter and electrically induced Ca2+ responses in the myenteric plexusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences In this study, IL-1[beta] differentially modulates the neuronal response to eFTS and neurotransmitter application in the myenteric plexus of guinea pigs. This cytokine could be implicated in the motility disturbances observed during gastrointestinal inflammation. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - October 1, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: s. kindt, p. vanden berghe, w. boesmans, l. roosen, j. tack Source Type: journals

Lactobacillus reuteri ingestion and IKCa channel blockade have similar effects on rat colon motility and myenteric neuronesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences The present results are consistent with L. reuteri enhancing tonic inhibition of colon contractile activity by acting via the IKCa channel current in AH cells. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 28, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: b. wang, y.-k. mao, c. diorio, l. wang, j. d. huizinga, j. bienenstock, w. kunze Source Type: journals

Effects of tissue age, presence of neurones and endothelin-3 on the ability of enteric neurone precursors to colonize recipient gut: implications for cell-based therapiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Age and an absence of Et-3 from the recipient gut both significantly reduced but did not prevent ENCC migration, but the presence of neurones almost totally prevented ENCC migration. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: r. hotta, r. b. anderson, k. kobayashi, d. f. newgreen, h. m. young Source Type: journals

Constipation: a potential cause of pelvic floor damage?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Constipation appears to be as important as obstetric trauma in the development of pelvic floor damage. Thus, a more proactive approach to recognizing and treating constipation might significantly reduce the prevalence of this distressing problem. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 17, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: c. amselem, a. puigdollers, f. azpiroz, c. sala, s. videla, x. fernández-fraga, p. whorwell, j.-r. malagelada Source Type: journals

Psychometric performance and clinical meaningfulness of the Patient Assessment of Constipation – Quality of Life questionnaire in prucalopride (RESOLOR®) trials for chronic constipationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences The PAC-QOL questionnaire is a useful measurement tool to assess, from a patient perspective, the potential therapeutic value of chronic constipation treatments in clinical trials and, by directly reflecting the patient's own perspective on constipation and its treatment, eventually also for informing daily medical practice. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 16, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: d. dubois, h. gilet, m. viala-danten, j. tack Source Type: journals

Somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 mediate inhibition of egg yolk-induced gall bladder emptying in miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Our study provides evidence for the role of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in regulating gall bladder emptying in mice. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 15, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: p. kaczmarek, v. singh, d. e. cashen, l. yang, s. berk, a. pasternak, y. xiong, d.-m. shen, s. m. hutchins, k. chapman, b. wiedenmann, j. m. schaeffer, m. z. strowski Source Type: journals

Safety assessment of prucalopride in elderly patients with constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
AbstractChronic constipation is common among nursing home residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the selective 5HT4 receptor agonist prucalopride in elderly, chronically constipated patients in nursing homes. A multicentre, phase II, randomized, double-blind dose-escalation study in 89 elderly constipated nursing home residents treated with placebo, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg prucalopride once daily for 28 days was analysed. Adverse events, vital signs, ECG, Holter monitor and pharmacokinetics were assessed (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00627692). Patients' mean age was 83 ye...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 13, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: m. camilleri, g. beyens, r. kerstens, p. robinson, l. vandeplassche Source Type: journals

The effect of esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily on acoustic and perception parameters of the voice in laryngopharyngeal refluxEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Use of more specific laryngeal functional parameters such as voice-related acoustic measures of pitch range, fundamental frequency and intensity also failed to demonstrate a significant response to proton pump inhibitor treatment as compared to placebo in patients with suspected LPR. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 8, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: r. fass, n. noelck, m. r. willis, t. navarro-rodriguez, k. wilson, j. powers, j. m. barkmeier-kraemer Source Type: journals

A selective, high affinity 5-HT2B receptor antagonist inhibits visceral hypersensitivity in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These results suggest that 5-HT2Breceptors are involved in signaling from the colon in rats in which there is visceral hypersensitivity and that a selective 5-HT2Breceptor antagonist could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of gut disorders characterized by visceral hypersensitivity. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 8, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: k. ohashi-doi, d. himaki, k. nagao, m. kawai, j. d. gale, j. b. furness, y. kurebayashi Source Type: journals

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 activation evokes oesophageal longitudinal smooth muscle contraction via a capsaicin-sensitive and neurokinin-2 receptor-dependent pathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Longitudinal smooth muscle contraction induced by trypsin involves capsaicin-sensitive neurons and subsequent activation of NK-2, which is identical to the pathway involved in acid-induced LSM contraction and oesophageal shortening. This suggests that acid-induced LSM contraction may involve mast cell-derived mediators that activate capsaicin-sensitive neurons via PAR-2. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 8, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: h. liu, d. v. miller, s. lourenssen, r. w. wells, m. g. blennerhassett, w. g. paterson Source Type: journals

CaM kinase II in colonic smooth muscle contributes to dysmotility in murine DSS-colitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These results suggest that disruptions in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization due to down-regulation of SERCA2 and phospholamban expression lead to increased CaM kinase II activity and cytosolic HDAC4 that may contribute to the dysmotility of colonic smooth muscles in colitis by enhancing NF-[kappa]B activity. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: s. qureshi, j. song, h.-t. lee, s. d. koh, g. w. hennig, b. a. perrino Source Type: journals

Persistent gut motor dysfunction in a murine model of T-cell-induced enteropathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Intestinal muscle hypercontractility in remission is maintained at the smooth muscle cell level. Th2 cytokines and 5-HT in the small intestine contribute to the maintenance of the altered muscle function in recovery phase. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 6, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: t. mizutani, h. akiho, w. i. khan, h. murao, h. ogino, k. kanayama, k. nakamura, r. takayanagi Source Type: journals

Motility of the oesophagus and small bowel in adults treated for Hirschsprung's disease during early childhoodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences This study demonstrates that adult patients with HD have preserved essential patterns of oesophageal and small bowel motility. However, abnormalities mainly characterized by increased contractile activity of the small bowel during fasting and postprandially are evident. These findings indicate alterations in neuronal control of motility and persistent involvement of the upper GI tract in this disease. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 6, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: a. w. medhus, k. bjørnland, r. emblem, e. husebye Source Type: journals

Gastric emptying of enterally administered liquid meal in conscious rats and during sustained anaesthesiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Our data indicate that Inactin® anaesthesia does not significantly affect gastric emptying while urethane anaesthesia profoundly impairs gastric emptying. We suggest that Inactin®, not urethane, is the more suitable anaesthetic for gastrointestinal research. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 3, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: e. qualls-creekmore, m. tong, g. m. holmes Source Type: journals

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism decreases motility and inflammatory activation in the early phase of acute experimental colitis in the ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These data demonstrate a potential modulatory mechanism of NMDA-R in altered colonic motility in TNBS colitis. Inhibition of the enteric NMDA-Rs may provide a therapeutic option via which to influence intestinal hypermotility, microcirculatory changes and inflammatory activation simultaneously. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - September 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: g. varga, d. érces, b. fazekas, m. fülöp, t. kovács, j. kaszaki, f. fülöp, l. vécsei, m. boros Source Type: journals

Mechanisms of symptomatic improvement after gastric electrical stimulation in gastroparetic patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The aims were to investigate the effects of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on autonomic function, gastric distention and tone, and central control mechanisms in gastroparetic patients. Ten gastroparetic patients refractory to standard medical therapy participated in this study and data were collected at baseline, within two weeks before surgery for implantation of GES system, and at follow-up sessions between 6 and 12 weeks after GES therapy was initiated. In each session, electrocardiogram, electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric barostat measurements were conducted before and after a caloric liquid meal. Posit...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 27, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: r. w. mccallum, r. w. dusing, i. sarosiek, j. cocjin, j. forster, z. lin Source Type: journals

Functional protease-activated receptors in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences Our results indicate that PAR-1 and PAR-2 are present in the DMV neurons, and their activation leads to increases in intracellular calcium via signal transduction mechanism that involves activation of PLC and the production of IP3. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 27, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: h. wang, x. wu, j.-y. li, b.-x. chai, j. wang, m. w. mulholland, w. zhang Source Type: journals

Rectal motility after sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is effective against faecal incontinence, but the mode of action is obscure. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of SNS on fasting and postprandial rectal motility. Sixteen patients, 14 women age 33[ndash]73 (mean 58), with faecal incontinence of various aetiologies were examined. Before and during SNS, rectal cross-sectional area (CSA) and ano-rectal pressures were determined with impedance planimetry and manometry for 1 h during fast and 1 h postprandially. Neither in the fasting state nor postprandially did SNS affect the number of single rectal contractions, total t...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 26, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: h. b. michelsen, j. worsøe, k. krogh, l. lundby, p. christensen, s. buntzen, s. laurberg Source Type: journals

Loss of enteric neurons accompanied by decreased expression of GDNF and PI3K/Akt pathway in diabetic ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract To investigate the enteric neuropathy in diabetic rats and the role of glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its signalling pathway PI3K/Akt in regulating enteric neurons survival. Male Sprague[ndash]Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic groups (rats with diabetes for 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively). Proximal and distal colon specimens were obtained from each rat. Phosphoinositol-3-kinase signalling pathway was analysed by Akt phosphorylation. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) used as a pan-neuronal marker. The expressions of GDNF, phospho-Akt (p-Akt), neuronal ...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 25, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: f. du, l. wang, w. qian, s. liu Source Type: journals

Guanylate cyclase C-mediated antinociceptive effects of linaclotide in rodent models of visceral painEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences These findings indicate that linaclotide has potent anti-nociceptive effects in several mechanistically different rodent models of visceral hypersensitivity and that these pharmacological properties of linaclotide are exerted through the activation of the GC-C receptor. Therefore, linaclotide may be capable of decreasing abdominal pain in patients suffering from IBS-C. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 24, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: h. eutamene, s. bradesi, m. larauche, v. theodorou, c. beaufrand, g. ohning, j. fioramonti, m. cohen, a. p. bryant, c. kurtz, m. g. currie, e. a. mayer, l. bueno Source Type: journals

Reproducibility of axial force and manometric recordings in the oesophagus during wet and dry swallowsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions & Inferences The system provided a more complete description of primary oesophageal peristalsis. Axial force and manometry were both reproducible but force measurements had increased dynamic range. As manometry and axial force generally are not associated, they each provide different information, and in combination they may be useful to better characterize oesophageal motor function. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: f. h. gravesen, h. gregersen, l. arendt-nielsen, a. m. drewes Source Type: journals

Distention of the colon is associated with initiation of propagated contractions in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The presence of high-amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) has been identified as a marker of colonic neuromuscular integrity. The physiologic mechanisms of HAPCs initiation have yet to be determined. Distention secondary to colonic filling has been hypothesized as physiologic initiator. The aim of this study was to study the effect of intraluminal balloon distention in the colon of children with defecatory disorders. Colonic manometry was performed with a polyethylene balloon situated at the proximal end of the catheter, which was placed in the most proximal colonic segment reached during colonoscopy. A step...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: o. liem, m. m. van den berg, h. m. mousa, n. n. youssef, a. l. langseder, m. a. benninga, c. di lorenzo Source Type: journals

Impact of nadir lower oesophageal sphincter pressure on bolus clearance assessed by combined manometry and multi-channel intra-luminal impedance measurementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to assess the relationship between nadir lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) and wave amplitude (WA) in oesophageal bolus clearance. Concurrent oesophageal manometry and impedance were performed in 146 subjects [41 healthy, 24 non-obstructive dysphagia (NOD) and 81 gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR)]. Patients with achalasia and diffuse oesophageal spasm were excluded. Swallow responses were categorized by nadir LOSP. For each category of nadir LOSP, WA at the distal 2 recording sites were grouped into bins of 10 mmHg and the proportion of waves in each bin associated with a normal bolus presence time...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 20, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: n. q. nguyen, k. ching, m. tippett, a. j. p. m. smout, r. h. holloway Source Type: journals

Proteinase-activated receptors 1and 2 mediate contraction of human oesophageal muscularis mucosaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Proteinase-activated receptors 1 and 2 mediate contraction of the human gallbladder. In the present study, we investigated effects mediated by proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) in the human oesophagus by measuring contraction of muscularis mucosae strips isolated from the human oesophagus. Both PAR1 agonists (thrombin, SFLLRN-NH2 and TFLLR-NH2) and PAR2 agonists (trypsin, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 and SLIGKV-NH2) caused concentration-dependent contraction. In contrast, PAR1 and PAR2 control peptides did not cause contraction. The existence of PAR1 and PAR2 in the human oesophageal muscularis mucosae was confirmed by...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: b.-s. chang, j.-c. chang, s.-c. huang Source Type: journals

Effects of Velusetrag (TD-5108) on gastrointestinal transit and bowel function in health and pharmacokinetics in health and constipationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Velusetrag (TD-5108) is a potent, selective high intrinsic activity serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist. We assessed effects of Velusetrag on gastrointestinal transit and compared its pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers (HV) and chronic constipation (CC) patients. Sixty HV were randomly assigned, double-blind to placebo, 5, 15, 30 or 50 mg Velusetrag (single and 6-day dosing). Primary endpoints were colonic transit (geometric centre at 24 h, GC24) and ascending colon emptying (ACE) T1/2 after first dose. Secondary endpoints included gastric emptying (GE) T1/2 and colonic filling at 6 h (CF6). Single dose Velusetra...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 18, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: m. l. manini, m. camilleri, m. goldberg, s. sweetser, s. mckinzie, d. burton, s. wong, m. m. kitt, y.-p. li, a. r. zinsmeister Source Type: journals

The participation of the sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in disease statesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Knowledge of neural circuits, neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the sympathetic regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function is well established. However, it is only recently that the interaction of sympathetic neurons, and of sympathetic transmitters, with the GI immune system and with gut flora has begun to be explored. Changes in the behaviour of sympathetic nerves when gut function is compromised, for example in ileus and in inflammation, have been observed, but the roles of the sympathetic innervation in these and other pathologies are not adequately understood. In this article, we first review the ...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 14, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: a. e. lomax, k. a. sharkey, j. b. furness Source Type: journals

Mucosal mast cells mediate motor response induced by chronic oral exposure to ovalbumin in the rat gastrointestinal tractEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the objective was to determine the mechanism of action of OVA and the role of mucosal mast cells in the regulation of motor activity in this model. Rats were orally exposed to OVA during 6 weeks. Intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMCs) were counted and rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII) measured in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. Anti-OVA IgE, IgG, and IL-4 were measured in serum. Eosinophils and IgE+ cells were counted in jejunum. In an additional study rats were treated with the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen and mast cell number, RMCPII concentration and motor activity in vitro were evaluated. OVA expos...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 13, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: e. traver, r. torres, f. de mora, p. vergara Source Type: journals

Relationship between symptom pattern, assessed by the PAGI-SYM© questionnaire, and gastric sensorimotor dysfunction in functional dyspepsiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM) questionnaire was recently developed and validated for the evaluation of therapeutic responsiveness in functional dyspepsia (FD). Functional dyspepsia is a heterogeneous disorder, with different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the symptom pattern. The relationship between PAGI-SYM scores and putative pathophysiological mechanisms has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PAGI-SYM subscales and gastric emptying, gastric sensitivity and gastric accommodation in FD. A total of 161 con...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 4, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: s. kindt, d. dubois, l. van oudenhove, p. caenepeel, j. arts, r. bisschops, j. tack Source Type: journals

Differential expression of enteric neuroimmune-network in invasive and acute watery diarrhoeaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We aimed to evaluate the changes of nerve morphology and distribution of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the rectum of Shigella flexneri-infected patients and in the duodenum of Vibrio cholerae O1-infected patients. Nerve morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructural analysis of intestinal biopsy revealed persisting axons degeneration throughout the study period in all patients. Regeneration was already evident at the acute stage with marked incre...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - August 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: p. sarker, t. r. bhuiyan, f. qadri, n. h. alam, b. wretlind, a. e. bishop, m. mathan, b. agerberth, j. andersson, r. raqib Source Type: journals

Understanding the role of tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in gastrointestinal functionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Tryptophan is the precursor of a wide array of metabolites, which are involved in a variety of aspects of human nutrition and metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of tryptophan metabolites, especially serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) in intestinal (patho) physiology, although mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Alterations of serotonin metabolism may give rise to gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recently, it has been postulated that other metabolites of tryptophan, mostly of the kynurenine pathway, also play a role in regulating gut function. This review analyses the current knowledge of the ...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 28, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: d. keszthelyi, f. j. troost, a. a. m. masclee Source Type: journals

Speech therapy in patients with excessive supragastric belching – a pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In patients whose main symptom is excessive belching, supragastric belching appears to be the predominant mechanism. This belch pattern is characterized by a rapid influx of air into the oesophagus, immediately followed by rapid air expulsion. The rate at which supragastric belching occurs is influenced by attention and distraction, suggesting a behavioural disorder and speech therapy may be of benefit to these patients. In 17 consecutive patients with excessive belching, concurrent impedance monitoring and high-resolution manometry were performed to ascertain the mechanism of belching. Patients with supragastric ...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 27, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: g. j. m. hemmink, l. ten cate, a. j. bredenoord, r. timmer, b. l. a. m. weusten, a. j. p. m. smout Source Type: journals

Salvinorin A inhibits colonic transit and neurogenic ion transport in mice by activating κ-opioid and cannabinoid receptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The major active ingredient of the plant Salvia divinorum, salvinorin A (SA) has been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. As the action of SA on the regulation of colonic function is unknown, our aim was to examine the effects of SA on mouse colonic motility and secretion in vitro and in vivo. The effects of SA on GI motility were studied using isolated preparations of colon, which were compared with preparations from stomach and ileum. Colonic epithelial ion transport was evaluated using Ussing chambers. Additionally, we studied GI motility in vivo by measuring colonic propulsion, gastric emptying, and ...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: j. fichna, r. schicho, c. n. andrews, m. bashashati, m. klompus, d. m. mckay, k. a. sharkey, j. k. zjawiony, a. janecka, m. a. storr Source Type: journals

Routine colonic biopsies as a new tool to study the enteric nervous system in living patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Better characterization of enteric neuropathies during the course of gastrointestinal diseases could be of great diagnostic and/or therapeutic interest. However, studies using whole mounts of the enteric nervous system (ENS) are restricted to specific diseases requiring surgery and are also limited by the small number of specimens available. Therefore, we here describe a novel method to obtain whole mounts of submucosal plexus in routine colonic biopsies. We show that a single biopsy displays a substantial number of submucosal ganglia and neurons and that it can be reliably used to perform morphometric and neuroch...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 21, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: t. lebouvier, e. coron, t. chaumette, s. paillusson, s. bruley des varannes, m. neunlist, p. derkinderen Source Type: journals

Modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission in brainstem vagal circuits by NPY and PYY is controlled by cAMP levelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Pancreatic polypeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) exert profound, vagally mediated effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Vagal efferent outflow to the GI tract is determined principally by tonic GABAergic synaptic inputs onto dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons, yet neither peptide modulates GABAergic transmission. We showed recently that opioid peptides appear similarly ineffective because of the low resting cAMP levels. Using whole cell recordings from identified DMV neurons, we aimed to correlate the influence of brainstem cAMP levels with the ability of pancreatic polyp...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: k. n. browning, r. a. travagli Source Type: journals

Small bowel motility in functional chronic constipationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract In functional constipation, three pathophysiological subgroups have been identified: slow-transit constipation (STC); normal-transit constipation (NTC) and outlet delay (OD). Extracolonic manifestations, especially disturbed small bowel motility, are well known to occur in STC, but have rarely been studied in NTC and OD. To perform 24-h-ambulatory jejunal manometry in a large prospective series of clinical patients with chronic constipation of all subtypes. A total of 61 consecutive patients, referred to our tertiary gastroenterologic centre for chronic constipation (48 female, 13 male; mean age 57 (range 20[ndash...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 15, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: h. seidl, f. gundling, c. pehl, a. pfeiffer, w. schepp, t. schmidt Source Type: journals

Neuropeptide S receptor 1 expression in the intestine and skin – putative role in peptide hormone secretionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, similar to other neuropeptides and their receptors, NPSR1 signalling might play a dual role along the gut[ndash]brain axis. The NPS/NPSR1 pathway may participate in the regulation of the peptide hormone production in enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - July 13, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: l. sundman, u. saarialho-kere, j. vendelin, k. lindfors, g. assadi, k. kaukinen, m. westerholm-ormio, e. savilahti, m. mäki, h. alenius, m. d'amato, v. pulkkinen, j. kere, p. saavalainen Source Type: journals