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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Glyceroltrinitrate facilitates stimulated CGRP release but not gene expression of CGRP or its receptor components in rat trigeminal gangliaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) donors induce delayed headaches in migraineurs. In a corresponding rat model NO donors cause delayed ongoing activity in central trigeminal neurons which process intracranial afferent input. Cellular models indicate that NO may increase the release or production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key mediator in primary headaches. CGRP release from intact isolated trigeminal ganglia of adult male Wistar rats was investigated in vitro. Exposure to high NO donor concentrations did not affect basal or stimulated CGRP release. After a two hour infusion of the NO donor glyceroltrinitrate (2...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mirjam Eberhardt, Lars Neeb, Eva-Maria Vogel, Gisa Tiegs, Uwe Reuter, Karl Messlinger, Michael J.M. Fischer Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Cloning and distribution of neuropeptide S and its receptor in the pigEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, the cDNAs of NPS and NPSR were cloned and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis of NPS gene sequences were performed. The expression of NPS and NPSR mRNA in the pig was systemically investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the distribution of NPS was determined by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that the gene and predicted amino acid sequences of both NPS and NPSR were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NPS coding sequences from related species display high degrees of homology. NPS and NPSR mRNAs were widely e...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yuan Yao, Xiaoqin Lin, Juan Su, Guihong Yang, YuJing Hou, Zhihai Lei Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Evidence from knockout mice for distinct implications of neuropeptide-Y Y2 and Y4 receptors in the circadian control of locomotion, exploration, water and food intakeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Members of the neuropeptide-Y (NPY) family acting via Y2 and/or Y4 receptors have been proposed to participate in the control of ingestive behaviour and energy homeostasis. Since these processes vary between day and night, we explored the circadian patterns of locomotor, exploratory and ingestive behaviour in mice with disrupted genes for Y2 (Y2−/−) or Y4 (Y4−/−) receptors. To this end, the LabMaster system was used and its utility for the analysis of changes in circadian activity and ingestion caused by gene knockout evaluated. Female animals, aged 27weeks on average, were housed singly in cages fitted w...
Source: Neuropeptides - September 25, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M.E. Edelsbrunner, E. Painsipp, H. Herzog, P. Holzer Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

NPY regulation of bone remodellingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a classic neuronal regulator of energy homeostasis, is now also known to be involved in the control of bone homeostasis. Of the five known Y receptors through which the NPY family of ligands signals, the Y1 and Y2 receptors have so far been implicated in the control of osteoblast activity and thus bone formation. Analysis of brain specific NPY overexpressing and Y receptor knockout models has revealed a powerful anabolic pathway likely involving hypothalamic Y2 receptors and osteoblastic Y1 receptors. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the NPY system...
Source: Neuropeptides - September 14, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nicola J. Lee, Herbert Herzog Tags: News and Reviews Source Type: journals

Stimulatory effect of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29)NH2) on the proliferation, VEGF and chromogranin A secretion by human neuroendocrine tumor cell line NCI-H727 in vitroEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes like cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and neoplastic transformation of various non-pituitary tissues. Here, we investigated for the first time the in vitro effect of GHRH(1-29)NH2 on the proliferation and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chromogranin A by the human bronchial neuroendocrine tumor cells NCI-H727. GHRH(1-29)NH2 at the concentrations of 10−8–10−6M increased the proliferation of these cells and this effect was associated with a sta...
Source: Neuropeptides - September 10, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tomasz Stępień, Małgorzata Sacewicz, Hanna Ławnicka, Roman Krupiński, Jan Komorowski, Agnieszka Siejka, Henryk Stępień Tags: Short Communication Source Type: journals

Poster abstractsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Short Communication Source Type: journals

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and NOP receptor gene regulation after acute or repeated social defeat stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Antagonists of the NOP receptor have antidepressant effects in rodent models, suggesting that the N/OFQ–NOP system may play an important role in affective disorders. Furthermore, multiple lines of experimental evidence link N/OFQ neurotransmission with physiological and behavioral responses to stress. One possibility is that disregulated expression of the N/OFQ peptide neurotransmitter and/or the NOP receptor may participate in the etiology of stress-induced psychopathology. In the present set of experiments, we compared gene expression for prepro-N/OFQ and NOP receptor in groups of rats that were exposed to di...
Source: Neuropeptides - September 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Megan K. Green, Darragh P. Devine Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

The anorexigenic peptide cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript modulates rem-sleep in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: It is known that the sleep-waking cycle is modulated by several molecules that may also regulate food intake, among them several neuropeptides. The cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript has been studied in relation to food ingestion, but it seems to have several other functions that may include sleep regulation. In this context, we studied the effect of the intracerebroventricular administration of the cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9nmol) on the sleep-waking cycle (12-h recordings), as well as its effect on food intake in rats. Additionally, we analyzed the neuronal activi...
Source: Neuropeptides - September 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Méndez-Díaz, E. Domínguez Martín, M. Pérez Morales, A.E. Ruiz-Contreras, L. Navarro, O. Prospéro-García Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Endogenous peptide: Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, differently regulate expression of opioid receptors on chronic treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, present study discursively demonstrates that MERF during chronic treatment interacts with all three opioid receptors (μ, δ and κ) in rats and differently regulates their expression. Further, the interaction was such that the induction was mainly observed at molecular/expression level and not at pharmacological level to affect antinociception. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - August 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ishwar Dutt Vats, Snehlata Chaudhary, Jayashree Karar, Mahendra Nath, Qadar Pasha, Santosh Pasha Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Signaling pathways in PACAP regulation of VIP gene expression in human neuroblastoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Ganglia expressing the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) innervate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) containing neurons suggesting a role of PACAP in regulating VIP expression. Human NB-1 neuroblastoma cells were applied to study PACAP regulated VIP gene expression aiming to identify the receptor and the signaling proteins involved. The PACAP receptor subtype PAC1 induced VIP gene expression as (i) PACAP and the PAC1 receptor agonist maxadilan were equally efficient and ∼200-fold more potent than VIP, and (ii) PACAP6-38 and PG99-465, antagonists of PAC1 and VPAC2 receptor...
Source: Neuropeptides - August 26, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Birgitte Falktoft, Birgitte Georg, Jan Fahrenkrug Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of TRH and its analogues on primary cortical neuronal cell damage induced by various excitotoxic, necrotic and apoptotic agentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) has been shown to possess neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo models. Since its potential utility is limited by relatively rapid metabolism, metabolically stabilized analogues have been constructed. In the present study we investigated the influence of TRH and its three stable analogues: Montirelin (MON, CG-3703), RGH-2202 (L-6-keto-piperidine-2carbonyl-l-leucyl-l-prolinamide) and Z-TRH (N-carbobenzyloxy-pGlutamyl-Histydyl-Proline) in various models of mouse cortical neuronal cell injury. Twenty four hour pre-treatment with TRH and ...
Source: Neuropeptides - August 9, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Jantas, L. Jaworska-Feil, A.W. Lipkowski, W. Lason Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Role of NGF in spared DRG following partial dorsal rhizotomy in catsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neuroplasticity occurs in the spinal cord in response to lesions, but less is known about the underlying mechanism. This investigation explored the role of intrinsic NGF in axonal sprouting of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in cats subjected to unilateral removal of L1–L5, L7–S2 DRG, but leaving the L6 DRG (spared DRG) undamaged. The expression of mRNA and protein for NGF and TrkA increased significantly by using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. ELISA assay showed that the level of NGF was up-regulated in the spared DRG, compared to the control side. In vitro studies showed that cultu...
Source: Neuropeptides - August 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xue Zhou, Jin-Wei Yang, Wei Zhang, Ke-Qun Ou, Hao-Li Zhou, Yu-Qiong Ma, Si-Xiu Chen, Li-Yan Li, Ting-Hua Wang Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

The role of β-endorphin in the pathophysiology of major depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A role for β-endorphin (β-END) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is suggested by both animal research and studies examining clinical populations. The major etiological theories of depression include brain regions and neural systems that interact with opioid systems and β-END. Recent preclinical data have demonstrated multiple roles for β-END in the regulation of complex homeostatic and behavioural processes that are affected during a depressive episode. Additionally, β-END inputs to regulatory pathways involving feeding behaviours, motivation, and specific types of motor activity have...
Source: Neuropeptides - August 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K.M. Hegadoren, T. O’Donnell, R. Lanius, N.J. Coupland, N. Lacaze-Masmonteil Tags: News and Reviews Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - July 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - July 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4 employ different intracellular pathways to modulate norepinephrine uptake and release in rat hypothalamusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we showed for the first time that BDNF and NT-4 activate two different intracellular signalling pathways through a Trk B receptor dependent mechanism. Furthermore, present findings support the hypothesis that BDNF and NT-4 acutely applied, could be considered as modulators of noradrenergic transmission and thus may regulate hypothalamic physiological as well as pathophysiological responses. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - July 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Rodríguez Fermepin, M. Trinchero, J. Minetto, A. Beltrán, B.E. Fernández Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

Norepinephrine regulates arginine vasopressin secretion in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus relating with pain modulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Our previous study has pointed that arginine vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NA) are two most important bioactive substances that play a role in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulating pain process. The communication was designed to investigate the interaction between AVP and NA in the rat PVN during the pain process. We used the potassium iontophoresis inducing tail-flick to test the pain threshold, PVN push–pull perfusion to collect the samples, high performance chromatography (HPLC) to determine the NA concentration and radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the AVP concentration. The results ...
Source: Neuropeptides - July 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jun Yang, Hui-Feng Yuan, Wen-Yan Liu, Xiao-Xia Zhang, Jian-Peng Feng, Na Ni, Da-Wei Yang, Chao-You Song, Hong-Tao Xu, Gen Wang, Cai Song, Bao-Cheng Lin Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

Hypothalamic orexin, OX1, αMSH, NPY and MCRs expression in dopaminergic D2R knockout miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In 5-month-old male and female dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) knockout mice food intake per animal was unaltered while food per g BW was increased. We wished to evaluate the effect of D2R disruption on different components of energy balance and food intake regulation. We determined hypothalamic orexin precursor (PPO) expression, its receptor OX1, serum leptin levels, hypothalamic leptin receptor (OBR), circulating and pituitary α MSH levels, as well as central MC3 and MC4 receptors and NPY mRNA in wildtype and D2R knockout mice (KO).Loss of D2R caused a marked increase in serum prolactin levels, to higher levels in f...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 30, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: I. García-Tornadú, G. Díaz-Torga, G.S. Risso, P. Silveyra, N. Cataldi, M.C. Ramirez, M.J. Low, C. Libertun, D. Becu-Villalobos Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

Involvement of neuropeptide Y in the acute, chronic and withdrawal responses of morphine in nociception in neuropathic rats: Behavioral and neuroanatomical correlatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although morphine is a potent antinociceptive agent, its chronic use developed tolerance in neuropathic pain (NP). Furthermore, opioid antagonist naloxone attenuated the antinociceptive effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The present study investigated the role of NPY and NPY Y1/Y5 receptors in acute and chronic actions of morphine in neuropathic rats using thermal paw withdrawal test and immunocytochemistry. In acute study, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of morphine, NPY or NPY Y1/Y5 receptors agonist [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY produced antinociception, whereas selective NPY Y1 receptors antagonist BIBP3226 cau...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 24, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manoj A. Upadhya, Manoj P. Dandekar, Dadasaheb M. Kokare, Praful S. Singru, Nishikant K. Subhedar Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

The role of nitric oxide in the inhibitory effect of ghrelin against penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Ghrelin, a gastric peptide with key action on food intake, has been recently recognized as a potential antiepileptic agent. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide in the effect of ghrelin on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat. Thirty minutes after penicillin injection, ghrelin, at doses of 0.5, 1, 2μg, was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Ghrelin, at a dose of 1μg, significantly decreased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity without changing the amplitude whereas other doses of ghrelin (0.5 and 2μg) did not alter either the mean of frequency or...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 23, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ali Aslan, Mehmet Yildirim, Mustafa Ayyildiz, Ayla Güven, Erdal Agar Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

In vivo electrophysiological effects of insulin in the rat brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Brain insulin has widespread metabolic, neurotrophic, and neuromodulatory functions and is involved in the central regulation of food intake and body weight, learning and memory, neuronal development, neuronal apoptosis, and aging. To understand the neuromodulatory role of insulin, we aimed to characterize its yet undefined in vivo electrophysiological effects. We elected to record from the cerebellar cortex because this region has average insulin concentration and insulin receptor content in relation to the whole brain, and has been previously shown to be a target for insulin signaling. We used in vivo microiont...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 21, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter Kovacs, Andras Hajnal Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

Refeeding after prolonged food restriction differentially affects hypothalamic and adipose tissue leptin gene expressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Rat adipose tissue is the principal site of leptin synthesis, however, leptin gene expression has been demonstrated in many rat tissues. Some data indicate that leptin produced by human brain and adipose tissue could cooperate in the regulation of food intake. In this case the regulation of leptin gene expression in hypothalamus and in adipose tissue should be coordinately regulated. Food restriction is often undertaken by many humans trying to lose body weight. Thus, the current study was aimed to analyze whether leptin gene expression in rat hypothalamus and in adipose tissue is regulated synchronously by prolo...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 18, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elzbieta Sucajtys-Szulc, Elzbieta Goyke, Justyna Korczynska, Ewa Stelmanska, Boleslaw Rutkowski, Julian Swierczynski Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

The human neurokinin B gene, TAC3, and its promoter are regulated by Neuron Restrictive Silencing Factor (NRSF) transcription factor familyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We have previously shown that one of the major determinants directing the expression of the preprotachykinin-A (TAC1) gene, which encodes the neuropeptide substance P, is the transcription factor Neuronal Restrictive Silencer Factor (NSRF), which is also termed Repressor Element-1 Silencing Factor (REST). In rodent models of epilepsy, NRSF and its truncated isoform short NRSF (sNRSF), also termed REST4, are increased as an immediate response to seizure. In similar models the neurokinin B (NKB) gene (TAC3) is also induced and NKB has also been shown to be proconvulsant. In this communication we have demonstrated t...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Gillies, K. Haddley, S. Vasiliou, V.J. Bubb, J.P. Quinn Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

RANTES release contributes to the protective action of PACAP38 against sodium nitroprusside in cortical neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study is to determine whether PACAP38 affects expression of regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1α) in cultured neurons and if these chemokines contribute to the neuroprotective effect of PACAP38. The data show that incubation of neuronal cultures with both PACAP38 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) reduces the neuronal cell death evoked by SNP alone. PACAP38 dose-dependently increases immunodetectable levels of both RANTES and MIP-1α released in the media by cultured neurons. Co-treatment with a neutralizing antibody to RANTE...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 3, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alma Sanchez, Debjani Tripathy, Paula Grammas Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - June 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - June 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Rapid change of neuropeptide Y levels and gene-expression in the brain of ovariectomized mice after administration of 17β-estradiolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Estrogen alters excitability and changes synaptic morphology in the rat hippocampal formation. We have compared, by means of radioimmunoassay and in situ hybridization, the effects of short-term treatment with 17β-estradiol on neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain of ovariectomized mice. A highly significant reduction in concentrations of NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) was observed in the hippocampal formation, some cortical areas and the caudate nucleus 1h after administration of 17β-estradiol as compared to the control group. In contrast, NPY transcript levels increased in the hippocampal formation (dentate gyrus...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 31, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Susanne Hilke, Lovisa Holm, Katarina Åman, Tomas Hökfelt, Elvar Theodorsson Tags: Regular articles Source Type: journals

Activation of orexin signal in basal forebrain facilitates the emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Orexinergic system may play an important role in the regulation of anesthesia–arousal. However, which region or which pathway mediated the effect of orexins was still unclear. In current study, we investigated whether activation of orexin signals in basal forebrain (BF) may alter electroencephalographic activity, induction and emergence time to sevoflurane anesthesia in rats. Either orexin-A or orexin-B was injected into the BF while measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) under 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (2.4%) sevoflurane anesthesia. The induction and emergence time of sevoflurane anesthesia were measure...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 25, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hailong Dong, Jiyuan Niu, Binxiao Su, Zhenghua Zhu, Yan Lv, Yizhi Li, Lize Xiong Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

A novel GalR2-specific peptide agonistEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The galanin peptide family and its three receptors have with compelling evidence been implicated in several high-order physiological disorders. The co-localization with other neuromodulators and the distinct up-regulation during and after pathological disturbances has drawn attention to this neuropeptide family. In the current study we present data on receptor binding and functional response for a novel galanin receptor type 2 (GalR2) selective chimeric peptide, M1145 [(RG)2-N-galanin(2-13)-VL-(P)3-(AL)2-A-amide]. The M1145 peptide shows more than 90-fold higher affinity for GalR2 over GalR1 and a 76-fold higher ...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 21, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johan Runesson, Indrek Saar, Linda Lundström, Jaak Järv, Ülo Langel Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

Effect of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and isoflurane on the corticosterone secretory response in mice lacking the N/OFQ prepropeptide (ppN/OFQ-/-)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The effects of subcutaneous Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) administration on corticosterone (CORT) secretion were determined in male and female wild-type mice and mice lacking the N/OFQ prepropeptide. Additionally the effect of pretreating animals with isoflurane anesthesia to minimize the potential stress of injection was examined. Although N/OFQ itself did not specifically increase CORT levels in males or females of either genotype, injection alone (either vehicle or N/OFQ) or isoflurane exposure both increased CORT levels in all groups. These results demonstrate that N/OFQ does not elevate circulating CORT lev...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kelly L. Prince-Zullig, Emily Murphree, Rainer K. Reinscheid, James Janik, Phyllis Callahan Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II increases excitability and inhibits a transient potassium current in vagal primary sensory neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The octapeptide angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of blood pressure by activating ANG II receptors located in variety of cell types including neurons housed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANG II (100nM) blocked spike frequency accommodation (SFA) recorded with whole-cell patch technique in acutely isolated nodose ganglion neurons (NGN) from adult rats. ANG II increased the frequency of action potentials (AP) produced by supramaximal 500ms depolarizing currents recorded in both tonic (16Hz vs. 58Hz, control vs. ANG II perfusion respecti...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 12, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thaís Helena Moreira, Jader Santos Cruz, Daniel Weinreich Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

GABA antagonists reverse the somatostatin dependent attenuation of rat locomotor activityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Somatostatin infusion in rat ventral pallidum (VP) led to the attenuation of locomotor activity (Marazioti, A., Kastellakis, A., Antoniou, K., Papasava, D., Thermos, K., 2005. Somatostatin receptors in the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata modulate rat locomotor activity. Psychopharmacology 181, 319–326). In the present study, we investigated the putative circuitry involved in somatostatin’s actions by examining the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission in locomotor activity subsequent to somatostatin’s infusion into the VP. Male Sprague–Dawley rats, 300–350g, were used for all experiments. Sa...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 5, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Marazioti, C. Spyraki, K. Thermos Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

A possible participation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the neuroleptic and cataleptic effect of haloperidolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the studies suggest a possible role of GnRH in the neuroleptic and cataleptic effect of haloperidol. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 29, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S.N. Umathe, M.M. Wanjari, S.S.S. Manna, N.S. Jain Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

In vitro characterization of the effects of rat/mouse hemokinin-1 on mouse colonic contractile activity: A comparison with substance PEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1) has been identified as a member of the tachykinin family and its effect in colonic contractile activity remains unknown. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of actions of r/m HK-1 on the mouse colonic contractile activity in vitro by comparing it with that of substance P (SP). R/m HK-1 induced substantial contractions on the circular muscle of mouse colon. The maximal contractile responses to r/m HK-1 varied significantly among proximal-, mid- and distal-colon, suggesting that the action of r/m HK-1 was region-specific in mouse colon. The contractile response induced by r/m...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 27, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zi-Qing Kong, Min Han, Wen-Le Yang, You-Li Zhao, Cai-Yun Fu, Yan Tao, Qiang Chen, Rui Wang Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nε,Nβ-carbonyl-d-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the newly synthesized analog of enkephalin, cyclo[Nε,Nβ-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a highly potent μ- (guinea pig ileum assay) and δ-receptors (mouse vas deferens assay) ligand, induces an antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate test and tail-immersion test after intracerebroventricular administration. Our study indicated that this peptide at the dose of 0.25nmol produced comparable but at the dose of 0.5nmol stronger than morphine (13nmol), antinociceptive effect in both tests. Furthermore, rats with developed tolerance to morphine indicated ...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jolanta Kotlinska, Marcin Bochenski, Monika Lagowska-Lenard, Ewa Gibula-Bruzda, Ewa Witkowska, Jan Izdebski Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

Effects of the LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix on the brain function in miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The decapeptide Cetrorelix, an LHRH antagonist, inhibits gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion. Cetrorelix is used for IVF-ET procedures and for the treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, leiomyomas and, ovarian cancer. However little is known about the effects of Cetrorelix on the brain function. In the present work the influence of Cetrorelix on different aspects of the brain function was studied following its administration into the lateral brain ventricle in mice. The effects tested included the impairment of the consolidation of a passive avoidance reflex...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 17, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gyula Telegdy, Masaru Tanaka, Andrew V. Schally Tags: Research articles Source Type: journals

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(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Corrigendum to “PACAP27 regulates ciliary function in primary cultures of rat brain ependymal cells” [Neuropeptides 42 (5–6) (2008) 633–640]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The author name: K.S. Mnkkönen should be changed as K.S. Mönkkönen. The Editorial office regrets the error occurred. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K.S. Mönkkönen, R.A. Hirst, J.T. Laitinen, C. O’Callaghan Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: journals

Summer neuropeptide conference (snp) stady v meeting (international symposium on signal transduction in health and disease)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Abstracts Source Type: journals

Mechanisms operated by endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in the trigeminal ganglion contribute to orofacial thermal hyperalgesia induced by infraorbital nerve constriction in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Endothelins, acting through specific endothelin ETA and/or ETB receptors, participate in nociceptive processing in models of cancer, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The present study investigated which cell types express endothelin receptors in the trigeminal ganglion, and the contribution of mechanisms mediated by endothelin ETA and ETB receptors to orofacial heat hyperalgesia induced by unilateral constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION). Both receptor types were identified by immunohistochemistry in the trigeminal ganglion, ETA receptors on small-sized non-myelinated and myelinated A-fibers and ETB rec...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Juliana G. Chichorro, Aleksander R. Zampronio, Daniela A. Cabrini, Celia R.C. Franco, Giles A. Rae Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate injury-induced changes in galanin, NPY and NPY Y1-receptor expression after a sciatic nerve constrictionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have evaluated the effect of MSC administration on the expression of the neuropeptides galanin and NPY, as well as the NPY Y1-receptor (Y1R) in DRG neurons. Animals were subjected to a sciatic nerve SLNC either alone or followed by the administration of MSCs, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or bone marrow non-adherent mononuclear cells (BNMCs), directly into the ipsilateral L4 DRG. Seven days after injury, the ipsilateral and contralateral L4–5 DRGs were dissected out and processed for standard immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies. As previously reported, SLNC induced an ipsilateral increase ...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M.F. Coronel, P.L. Musolino, P.R. Brumovsky, T. Hökfelt, M.J. Villar Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Stress differentially modulates mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of prairie volesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compares the effect of an acute stressor (restraint for 1h) versus a chronic stressor (social isolation for 4 weeks) on the expression of mRNAs for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1) and type 2 (CRH-R2) in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of socially monogamous female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Animals were studied immediately following a stressor or as a function of repairing with a familiar sibling. Despite elevated expression of CRH mRNA, no alteration of CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus was observed following restraint stress or 4 weeks of social isolatio...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hossein Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Leila Partoo, Lisa Sanzenbacher, Jamespaul Paredes, Kozo Hashimoto, Fereidoun Azizi, C. Sue Carter Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Nandrolone decanoate administration dose-dependently affects the density of kappa opioid peptide receptors in the rat brain determined by autoradiographyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The kappa opioid receptor ligand [3H]CI-977 was used to autoradiographically determine the density of kappa opioid receptors in the male rat brain following chronic treatment with the anabolic androgenic steroid nandrolone decanoate at two different doses. As compared to controls, significantly lower densities of the kappa opioid receptor were encountered after two weeks of high dose nandrolone decanoate (15mg/kg) in the nucleus accumbens shell (16%), lateral hypothalamic area (36%), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (37%), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (49%), central amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part (28%), l...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. Magnusson, C. Birgner, L. Bergström, F. Nyberg, M. Hallberg Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Blockade of central kappa-opioid receptors inhibits the antidipsogenic effect of interleukin-1βEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of brain kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) in the antidipsogenic effect promoted by third ventricle injections of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Wistar male rats were submitted to three different, thirst-inducing, physiological conditions: dehydration induced by water deprivation, hyperosmolarity induced by salt-load and hypovolemia induced by polyethylene glycol subcutaneous injection. Third ventricle injections of IL-1β significantly inhibited the increase in water intake observed in those situations. The pharmacological blockade of central KOR by the selective KOR an...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P.A. Luz, R. Saraiva, T. Almeida, J.B. Fregoneze, E. De Castro e Silva Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Type-1 angiotensin receptors are expressed and transported in motor and sensory axons of rat sciatic nervesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Angiotensin II (Ang II) and its type-1 receptor (AT1) occur in neurons at multiple locations within the organism, but the basic biology of the receptor in the nervous system remains incompletely understood. We previously observed abundant AT1-like binding sites and intense expression of AT1 immunoreactivity in perikarya of the dorsal root ganglion and ventral horn of the rat spinal cord. We have now examined the receptor in rat sciatic nerve, including the dynamics of its axonal transport. Ligand-binding autoradiography of resting nerve showed “hot spots” of 125I-Ang II binding that could be specifically bloc...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hui Tang, Jaroslav Pavel, Juan M. Saavedra, Stephen Brimijoin Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Expression of orexin A and its receptor 1 in the choroid plexuses from buffalo brainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the expression of orexin A and OX(1) in the CPs from the brain of an adult mammalian species, Bubalis bubalis, by immunogold-labelling in scanning electron microscopy. Both orexin A and OX(1) immuno-reactivity appeared to be widely distributed on the surface of choroid epithelium. Interestingly, a marked orexin A labelling was detected in the areas surrounding the CP blood capillaries. The expression of prepro-orexin and OX(1) mRNA transcripts of 200 and 300bp, respectively, was assessed in the CPs by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, while Western blotting analysis confirmed t...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 1, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Simona Tafuri, Luigi M. Pavone, Vincenzo Mastellone, Anna Spina, Luigi Avallone, Alfredo Vittoria, Norma Staiano, Gaetano Scala Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals