Skeletal phenotype of the neuropeptide Y knockout mouse
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in multiple processes such as behavior, energy and bone metabolism. Previous studies have relied on global NPY depletion to examine its effects on bone. However, this approach is unable to distinguish the central or local source of NPY influencing bone. Our aim was to identify which cells within the skeleton express Npy and establish a model that will enable us to differentiate effects of NPY derived from different cell types. We have generated the NPY floxed (NPYflox) mice using CRISPR technology. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 29, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Natalie K.Y. Wee, Benjamin P. Sinder, Sanja Novak, Xi Wang, Chris Stoddard, Brya G. Matthews, Ivo Kalajzic Source Type: research
Identification and characterization of Prokineticin receptor 2 splicing variant and its modulation in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease
Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) is a peptide that is widely distributed in the nervous system and influences a variety of brain functions, such as pain, food intake and circadian rhythms (Negri and Lattanzi, 2012; Negri and Ferrara, 2018). PROK2 is able to mediate its signaling through two different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), designated prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2) (Masuda et al., 2002; Soga et al., 2002). They activate multiple intracellular signal-transduction pathways promoting intracellular calcium mobilization (Masuda et al., 2002; Negri and Lattanzi, 2012) by G αq coupling; they ...
Source: Neuropeptides - November 28, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Roberta Lattanzi, Daniela Maftei, Maria Rosaria Fullone, Rossella Miele Source Type: research
Neuropeptide Y receptor interactions regulate its mitogenic activity
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neurotransmitter acting via G protein-coupled receptors - Y1R, Y2R and Y5R. NPY activities, such as its proliferative effects, are mediated by multiple receptors, which have the ability to dimerize. However, the role of this receptor interplay in NPY functions remains unclear. The goal of the current study was to identify NPY receptor interactions, focusing on the ligand-binding fraction, and determine their impact on the mitogenic activity of the peptide. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Magdalena Czarnecka, Congyi Lu, Jennifer Pons, Induja Maheswaran, Pawel Ciborowski, Lihua Zhang, Amrita Cheema, Joanna Kitlinska Source Type: research
The effect of ghrelin and adenosine mono phosphate kinase (AMPK) on the passive avoidance memory in male wistar rats
Learning is the biological process of acquiring new knowledge about the world, and memory is the process of retaining and reconstructing that knowledge over time. Most of our knowledge of the world and most of our skills are not innate but learned. (Kandel, Dudai et al. 2014). The hippocampus plays an essential role in the process of learning, memory and emotional Responses (Kim et al., 2017). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hamideh Zahiri, Mohammad Rostampour, Behrouz Khakpour, Kambiz Rohampour Source Type: research
Acute restraint stress induces cholecystokinin release via enteric apelin
Stress increases the apelin content in gut, while exogenous peripheral apelin has been shown to induce cholecystokinin (CCK) release. The present study was designed to elucidate (i) the effect of acute stress on enteric production of apelin and CCK, (ii) the role of APJ receptors in apelin-induced CCK release depending on the nutritional status. CCK levels were assayed in portal vein blood samples obtained from stressed (ARS) and non-stressed (NS) rats previously injected with APJ receptor antagonist F13A or vehicle. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mehmet B ülbül, Osman Sinen, Onur Bayramoğlu, Gökhan Akkoyunlu Source Type: research
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Source: Neuropeptides - November 19, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
PYY(3-36) and exendin-4 reduce food intake and activate neuronal circuits in a synergistic manner in mice
Peptide YY(3-36) ((PYY(3-36)) and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in combination reduce food intake and body weight in an additive or synergistic manner in animal models and in humans. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind are not completely understood. The present study aims to investigate the effect of combining PYY(3-36) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (Ex4) by examining acute food intake and global neuronal activation as measured by c-fos in C57BL/6 J mice. An additive reduction in food intake was found 1.5 h after s.c dosing with the combination of PYY(3-36) (200 μg/kg) and Ex4 (2.5 μg/kg). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 19, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marina Kjaergaard, Casper Bo Gravesen Salinas, Jens F. Rehfeld, Anna Secher, Kirsten Raun, Birgitte S. Wulff Source Type: research
EGL-3 and EGL-21 are required to trigger nocifensive response of Caenorhabditis elegans to noxious heat
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a widely used model organism to examine nocifensive response to noxious stimuli, including heat avoidance. Recently, comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence revealed several pro-neuropeptide genes, encoding a series of bioactive neuropeptides. C. elegans neuropeptides are involved in the modulation of essentially all behaviors including locomotion, mechanosensation, thermosensation and chemosensation. The maturation of pro-neuropeptide to neuropeptide is performed by ortholog pro-protein convertases and carboxypeptidase E (e.g. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bruno Nkambeu, Jennifer Ben Salem, Sophie Leonelli, Fatemeh Amin Marashi, Francis Beaudry Source Type: research
Non-sulfated cholecystokinin-8 reduces meal size and prolongs the intermeal interval in male Sprague Dawley rats
The current study measured seven feeding responses by non-sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (NS CCK-8) in freely fed adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The peptide (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 nmol/kg) was given intraperitoneally (ip) prior to the onset of the dark cycle, and first meal size (MS), second meal size, intermeal interval (IMI) length, satiety ratio (SR = IMI/MS), latency to first meal, duration of first meal, number of meals and 24-hour food intake were measured. We fo und that NS CCK-8 (0.5 and 1.0 nmol/kg) reduced MS, prolonged IMI length and increased SR during the dark cycle. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amged I. Dafalla, Thaer R. Mhalhal, Martha C. Washington, Sharonika Spann, Adalis Montero Reguero, Alexandra L. Morgan, Geishly A. Cruz Matos, Gabrielle Carson, Kenya J. Barton, Nicole A. Burke, John Heath, Ayman I. Sayegh Source Type: research
Neuroprotective and antihyperalgesic effects of orexin-A in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy
Diabetes mellitus is related to the development of neuronal tissue injury in different peripheral and central nervous system regions. A common complication of diabetes is painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDN). We have studied the neuroprotective and anti-nociceptive properties of neuropeptide orexin-A in an animal experimental model of diabetic neuropathy. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Seddigheh Niknia, Ayat Kaeidi, Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh, Mohammad Reza Mirzaei, Alireza Khoshdel, Zahra Hajializadeh, Mohammad Ali Fahmidehkar, Mahdi Mahmoodi Source Type: research
Increasing hypothalamic nucleobindin 2 levels and decreasing hypothalamic inflammation in obese male mice via diet and exercise alleviate obesity-associated hypogonadism
To explore the role of nesfatin-1 in regulating male reproductive function during energy balance variation, we employed an obese mouse model which was first induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and followed by interventions of a normal diet (ND) and/or moderate exercise, and then serum reproductive hormones of male mice, hypothalamic nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1, inflammatory factors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were tested. Our findings showed that both serum nesfatin-1, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) levels and hypothalamic NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and Gnr...
Source: Neuropeptides - November 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dequan Chen, Shicheng Cao, Bo Chang, Tie Ma, Haining Gao, Yao Tong, Tao Li, Junchao Han, Xuejie Yi Source Type: research
Dexmedetomidine reduces oxidative stress and provides neuroprotection in a model of traumatic brain injury via the PGC-1 α signaling pathway
In this study, the neuroprotective effect of DEX and its potential mechanism were assessed in a model of TBI. DEX treatment relieved encephala edema and neuron cell apoptosis and increased behavioral function. These protective effects were accompanied by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1 α) expression. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fayin Li, Xiaodong Wang, Zhikui Deng, Xianlong Zhang, Pengfei Gao, Hailin Liu Source Type: research
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and the prevention and treatment of obesity are often unsatisfactory. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven promising in the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity. We investigate the effects of tDCS on locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-like and feeding behavior, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL (interleukin)-10, IL-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the cerebral cortex of obese rats. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Carla de Oliveira, Joice Soares de Freitas, Isabel Cristina de Macedo, Vanessa Leal Scarabelot, Roberta Str öher, Daniela Silva dos Santos, Andressa de Souza, Felipe Fregni, Wolnei Caumo, Iraci L.S. Torres Source Type: research
Effects of RVD-hemopressin ( α) on feeding and body weight after standard or cafeteria diet in rats
Palatability and variety of foods are major reasons for hedonic eating, and hence for obesity. Hemopressin, a hemoglobin α chain-derived peptide, plays antagonist/inverse agonist role on cannabinoid (CB)1 receptors, while RVD-hemopressin(α)[RVD-hp(α)], a N-terminally extended form of hemopressin, has been reported as an allosteric modulator of CB1 and CB2 receptors.We investigated the effects of 14 daily intraperit oneal injections of RVD-hp(α), in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a highly palatable cafeteria-style (CAF) diet (30% fat, 56% carbohydrate, 14% protein; 4.20 kcal/g) compared to standard laboratory chow (STD) food...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 27, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sheila Leone, Claudio Ferrante, Lucia Recinella, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Adriano Mollica, Csaba T ömböly, Azzurra Stefanucci, Marilisa Pia Dimmito, Szabolcs Dvorácskó, Vittore Verratti, Luciano De Petrocellis, Giustino Orlando, Luigi Brunetti Source Type: research
Sex differences in forebrain estrogen receptor regulation of hypoglycemic patterns of counter-regulatory hormone secretion and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus glucoregulatory neurotransmitter and astrocyte glycogen metabolic enzyme expression
This study investigated the hypothesis that estrogen receptor-alpha (ER α) and/or -beta (ERβ) control VMN signals that inhibit [γ-aminobutyric acid] or stimulate [nitric oxide, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)] counter-regulation in a sex-dependent manner. VMN nitrergic neurons monitor astrocyte fuel provision; here, we examined how these ER regulate astrocyte glycogen metabolic enzyme, monocarboxylate transporter, and adrenoreceptor protein responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) in each sex. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A.S.M. Hasan Mahmood, M.M. Uddin, M.M.H. Ibrahim, S.K. Mandal, H.N. Alhamami, K.P. Briski Source Type: research
