Erratum
(Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Attenuated Positive Psychotic Symptoms in Relation to Cigarette Smoking in a Nonclinical Population
Conclusions:
In line with findings from psychotic populations, results suggest that attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, particularly those endorsed as distressing in a nonclinical, undergraduate population, are related to cigarette smoking.
Implications:
Even in nonclinical, undergraduate populations, subthreshold psychotic symptoms are related to cigarette smoking, and cigarette smokers are twice as likely to be considered at potentially higher risk for psychosis compared with noncigarette smokers. In summary, there may be a threshold whereby psychotic symptoms confer increased risk for nicotine consumption, with end...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Wolfe, R. M., Reeves, L. E., Gibson, L. E., Cooper, S., Ellman, L. M. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Is the Effect of Anhedonia on Smoking Cessation Greater for Women Versus Men?
Conclusion:
Both male and female anhedonic smokers were more likely to be abstinent, which contrasts with prior research indicating that anhedonia is a risk factor for difficulty quitting. This unexpected finding may be explained by a possible selective benefit of nicotine patch therapy, which has been observed in some studies to have antidepressant effects.
Implications:
This is the first study to examine whether the association between pretreatment anhedonia and smoking cessation differs by gender. For both women and men, anhedonia was associated with a greater likelihood of abstinence after 8 weeks of treatment with 21...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Powers, J. M., Carroll, A. J., Veluz-Wilkins, A. K., Blazekovic, S., Gariti, P., Leone, F. T., Schnoll, R. A., Hitsman, B. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Shortens Telomere Length in Children
Conclusions:
Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with telomere shortening in children. As this may impose significant health impacts through fetal genetic programming, more efforts should be made to reduce fetal tobacco exposure by educating pregnant women to not smoke and motivating smokers to quit in early pregnancy.
Implications:
As reflected by telomere shortening, prenatal tobacco exposure in children can cause premature aging and increased health risks, which we suggest is entirely preventable. Not smoking during pregnancy or quitting smoking is critical to improving the health outcome of our future generations...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Ip, P., Chung, B. H. Y., Ho, F. K. W., Chan, G. C. F., Deng, W., Wong, W. H. S., Lee, S. L., Chan, P. Y. T., Ying, D., Wong, W. L., Tung, K. T. S., Lau, Y. L. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Daily Smoking and Subjective Health Complaints in Adolescence
Conclusions:
As prevalence of daily smoking declined, daily smokers reported higher levels of complaints, suggesting increasing health problems within this group. Girls who smoke daily had particularly elevated levels of complaints.
Implications:
This study indicates that the relationship between daily smoking and concurrent health symptomatology in adolescents is changing over time, with higher levels of health complaints reported as overall smoking prevalence declines. To our knowledge, this finding has not previously been reported. If youth are smoking to cope with distress, pain, or other health concerns, tobacco cont...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Braverman, M. T., Stawski, R. S., Samdal, O., Aaro, L. E. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Low Blood Lead Levels in Association With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Symptom Domain in Children: A Community-Based Case-Control Study
Conclusion:
SHS, which is associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity in particular, combined with exposure to low blood levels of lead synergistically increased the risk of ADHD. Therefore, the exposure of children to both SHS and lead needs to be reduced.
Implications:
Although exposure to low levels of lead has been shown to be associated with ADHD, there is little evidence of symptom domain specificity. In our study, low blood lead levels were related to inattention. In addition, prenatal or postnatal exposure to SHS increased the risk of ADHD, particularly hyperactivity/impulsivity. Combined exposure to lead and SHS sy...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Joo, H., Lim, M.-H., Ha, M., Kwon, H.-J., Yoo, S. J., Choi, K.-H., Paik, K.-C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Chronic Nicotine Treatment During Adolescence Attenuates the Effects of Acute Nicotine in Adult Contextual Fear Learning
Conclusions:
These results suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure impairs learning in adulthood, which could increase the risk for continued nicotine use in adulthood by requiring administration of higher doses of nicotine to reverse learning impairments caused by adolescent nicotine exposure.
Implications:
Results from this study add to the growing body of literature suggesting chronic nicotine exposure during adolescence leads to impaired learning in adulthood and demonstrates that nicotine exposure during adolescence attenuates the cognitive enhancing effects of acute nicotine in adulthood, which suggests altered ch...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Holliday, E. D., Gould, T. J. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Supervised, Vigorous Intensity Exercise Intervention for Depressed Female Smokers: A Pilot Study
Conclusions:
Vigorous intensity supervised exercise is feasible and enhances short-term smoking cessation among depressed female smokers. Innovative and cost-effective strategies to bolster long-term exercise adherence and smoking cessation need evaluation in this population. Inflammatory biomarkers could be examined in future research as mediators of treatment efficacy.
Implications:
This preliminary study found that vigorous intensity supervised exercise is feasible and enhances short-term smoking cessation among depressed female smokers. This research addressed an important gap in the field. Despite decades of research...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Patten, C. A., Bronars, C. A., Vickers Douglas, K. S., Ussher, M. H., Levine, J. A., Tye, S. J., Hughes, C. A., Brockman, T. A., Decker, P. A., DeJesus, R. S., Williams, M. D., Olson, T. P., Clark, M. M., Dieterich, A. M. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Combination Extended Smoking Cessation Treatment Plus Home Visits for Smokers With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusion:
COMB-EXT improves outcomes for smokers with schizophrenia. HV appeared to provide additional benefit for smoking cessation in this treatment-resistant population.
Implications:
The clear benefit found here of rapidly initiated, combination, extended treatment over TAU suggests that aggressive and extended treatment should be considered in clinical practice for smokers with schizophrenia. Furthermore, HV to address SHS exposure showed initial promise for assisting smokers with schizophrenia in maintaining abstinence, indicating that this intervention may be worthy of future research. (Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research)
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Brody, A. L., Zorick, T., Hubert, R., Hellemann, G. S., Balali, S., Kawasaki, S. S., Garcia, L. Y., Enoki, R., Abraham, P., Young, P., McCreary, C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Effects of 6-Week Use of Reduced-Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With and Without Elevated Depressive Symptoms
Conclusions:
These findings provide initial evidence that a reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes may reduce smoking, without worsening depressive symptoms, among smokers with elevated depressive symptoms.
Implications:
This secondary analysis of a recent clinical trial examined whether depressive symptom severity moderated the effects of reduced-nicotine cigarettes on smoking and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that, regardless of baseline depressive symptoms, participants randomized to reduced-nicotine cigarettes had lower smoking rates, nicotine intake, nicotine dependence, and craving at week 6 post-randomiza...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Tidey, J. W., Pacek, L. R., Koopmeiners, J. S., Vandrey, R., Nardone, N., Drobes, D. J., Benowitz, N. L., Dermody, S. S., Lemieux, A., Denlinger, R. L., Cassidy, R., alAbsi, M., Hatsukami, D. K., Donny, E. C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Demand as a Function of Induced Stress
Conclusions:
When exposed to stress, cigarettes may become more valuable for individuals with depressive symptoms.
Implications:
This study contributes to the literature attempting to understand the complex relationships between depression, stress-related changes in NA, and tobacco use. This study suggests that one mechanism that may be important to the relationship between depression and tobacco use is cigarette demand. Specifically, for individuals with elevated depressive symptoms, certain aspects of cigarette demand may be higher (intensity, breakpoint, and P max) when exposed to stress, which may contribute to tobacc...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Dahne, J., Murphy, J. G., MacPherson, L. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Tobacco Use and 12-Month Suicidality Among Adults in the United States
Conclusions:
Tobacco use is associated with 12-month suicidality among adults. Patients who use tobacco should be assessed further for mental health status and suicide risk.
Implications:
Our results revealed that tobacco use is independently associated with the 12-month suicidality outcomes among adults and identified how the prevalences of 12-month suicidality outcomes vary by tobacco use status and use characteristics among adults. These results have important clinical implications. Future research should assess the effectiveness of tobacco use questions as simple screeners for more extensive assessment of mental healt...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Han, B., Compton, W. M., Blanco, C. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Does High Tobacco Consumption Cause Psychological Distress? A Mendelian Randomization Study
Conclusions:
Though a strong association between tobacco consumption and psychological distress was found, there was no clear evidence that high tobacco consumption was causally related to psychological distress.
Implications:
Smoking is associated with several mental health outcomes and smoking cessation is associated with improved mental health. Causality in the association between smoking and mental health is difficult to establish using observational data. Using a genotype known to influence tobacco consumption as instrumental variable for amount of smoking, we found no clear evidence of a direct causal path between h...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Skov-Ettrup, L. S., Nordestgaard, B. G., Petersen, C. B., Tolstrup, J. S. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Smoking and Mental Illness: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output Over Time
Conclusions:
Research has increased over time to characterize smoking among those with a mental illness; however more is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective cessation interventions for this group.
Implications:
This is the first study to examine the volume and characteristics of research publications in the field of smoking and mental illness over time. The number of publications increased fivefold between 1993–1995 and 2013–2015. Between 1993–1995 and 2003–2005, progression was also indicated by increased: data-based publications, diagnostic diversity of samples, and v...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Metse, A. P., Wiggers, J. H., Wye, P. M., Wolfenden, L., Prochaska, J. J., Stockings, E. A., Williams, J. M., Ansell, K., Fehily, C., Bowman, J. A. Tags: Original Investigation Source Type: research
Barriers and Facilitators to Smoking Cessation Among People With Severe Mental Illness: A Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Studies
Conclusions:
Findings were restricted to predominantly individual barriers to smoking cessation which may be more resistant to change as service users rely on smoking to manage their mental health and smoking is embedded in the culture of mental health settings.
Implications:
This critical appraisal identifies qualitative evidence regarding which factors facilitate or prevent individuals with severe mental illness from engaging with smoking cessation. Healthcare professionals and policy makers should address external barriers to quitting smoking as this may increase participation in intervention studies, inform policy and...
Source: Nicotine and Tobacco Research - December 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Trainor, K., Leavey, G. Tags: Review Source Type: research
