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293 records returned

[Strategy of Aspergillus fumigatus to evade attacks from host--projectile weapons and armor]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Humans are continually inhaling environmental fungi. When the host immune system is competent, the inhaled fungi are cleared away from the lung by host defense mechanisms. But in immunocompromised individuals, the environmental fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus) sometimes cause infection. Pathogenic fungi possess various mechanisms to invade the host. A. fumigatus is no exception in possessing several virulence factors and defense mechanisms against host immune attack.One of the virulence factors is secondary metabolite. A. fumigatus produces a variety of secondary metabolites, and the fungal products in culture super...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - September 6, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Toyotome T, Watanabe A, Iwasaki A, Kamei K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[The strategy of Aspergillus fumigatus to evade attacks from host--projectile weapons ans armor]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Humans are continually inhaling environmental fungi. When the host immune system is competent, the inhaled fungi are cleared away from the lung by host defense mechanisms. But in immunocompromised individuals, the environmental fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus) sometimes cause infection. Pathogenic fungi possess various mechanisms to invade the host. A. fumigatus is no exception in possessing several virulence factors and defense mechanisms against host immune attack.One of the virulence factors is secondary metabolite. A. fumigatus produces a variety of secondary metabolites, and the fungal products in culture super...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Toyotome T, Watanabe A, Iwasaki A, Kamei K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Role of Malassezia colonization in cutaneous immune response]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Malassezia yeasts are part of the cutaneous microflora and are also associated with a number of skin diseases such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among organisms of the Malassezia species, M. globosa and M. restricta are highly associated with AD. However, their precise role in AD has remained uncertain. We first attempted to identify major allergens from M. globosa using a proteomics analysis. Immunoblotting showed that IgE-reactive components with molecular masses of 40-45 kDa proteins were detected by 100% (28 of 28) of sera from AD patients. The IgE-reactive allergens c...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ishibashi Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Fungal immunology in the skin; immune response to dermatophytes]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infections with dermatophytes are generally confined to the keratinized stratum corneum. This superficial site of infection may protect the infecting dermatophytes from direct contact with some of the effector cells of the immune system; therefore, the immune system has developed a special subsystem in the skin to eliminate them.The innate immunity and acquired immunity (delayed-type hypersensitivity response) are both required for cutaneous immune surveillance against dermatophytes in the skin.Epidermal keratinocytes not only have an important structural role in forming a physical barrier to dermatophytes but also are...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Koga T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

A case of kerion celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum (Arthroderma gypseum ) in a child.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of kerion celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum and present some epidemiological statistics and a distribution of the mating types of M. gypseum . A 10-year-old healthy boy living in Narita, Chiba Prefecture, visited the Narita Red Cross Hospital in October 2004 with complaints of a scaly erythematous plaque and alopecia. Before the visit, he had been treated with steroid lotions and antibiotics without success. A direct examination of the diseased hair shaft using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution revealed the presence of fungal hyphae outside the hair shafts. The patient showed a positive reaction to th...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Iwasawa M, Yorifuji K, Sano A, Takahashi Y, Nishimura K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Summarization of tinea capitis cases encountered at a clinic in the past 5 years]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Twelve cases of tinea capitis were encountered at a clinic in Kumamoto prefecture between April 2004 and December 2008. Patients were boys aged between 2 and 18 in 11 cases, and a woman aged 50 years in 1 case. The pathogen was Microsporum canis in 6 cases, and Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases. In the cases with M. canis , patients were boys aged 2 to 8 years in 5 cases, and the type of disease was non-inflammatory in 5 cases and inflammatory in 1 case. The patients with T. tonsurans were boys aged 12 to 18 years (judo athletes in 5 cases) and the type of disease was inflammatory in 2 cases and black dot in 4 cases. T...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kunitake Y, Noguchi H, Hiruma M Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Genotyping of Candida albicans by fragment analysis of microsatellites combined with 25S rDNA and RPS-based strategies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Because of its high discriminatory potential, fragment analysis of microsatellites has been frequently used for genotyping of Candida albicans at the strain level. In order to evaluate a genotyping system based on the fragment analysis of microsatellites combined with PCRs targeting 25S rDNA and RPS, 456 independent strains of C. albicans were subjected to genotype analysis using 4 microsatellite markers (CDC3, HIS3, CA I and CA III), followed by 25S rDNA and RPS-based genotyping. The fragment analysis using CA I showed the highest discriminatory potential (DP=0.9782), followed by HIS3 (DP=0.8780). Using combined micro...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Adachi H, Shimizu K, Hattori H, Tanaka R, Chibana H, Takagi Y, Tomita Y, Kanbe T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Molecular differentiation and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from patients with respiratory infections in Guiyang Medical College Hospital, China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Genetic heterogeneity and drug susceptibility patterns of 43 Candida albicans isolates from patients with respiratory infections in China were compared with those of 52 isolates from Japanese patients. Of the 43 strains, 17 were genotype A, 17 were genotype B, 8 were genotype C, and 1 was genotype E. Drug susceptibilities against amphotericin B, flucytosine, 3 azoles, and micafungin of the 43 strains and the 52 Japanese isolates were compared. All strains in China were susceptible to all drugs tested, and susceptibility patterns of the two countries were similar. Four Japanese isolates showed trailing growth for azole ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Liu Y, Kang Y, Yokoyama K, Gonoi T, Mikami Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Virulence factors of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19654452 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - August 7, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Cho T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[The mechanisms of resistance to echinocandin class of antifungal drugs]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The echinocandin (candin) class of antifungal drugs inhibit beta-1,3-glucan synthase and block synthesis of beta-1,3-glucan , an important polysaccharide in fungal cell walls. Candins are used widely for treatment of systemic infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus because of their high potency and low toxicity to humans. The incidence of candin resistance has been rare compared to that of azole resistance, although candin-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis have been reported in the USA and Europe in recent years. These isolates possess hundred-fold higher MIC valu...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Niimi K, Niimi M Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Mutations of drug target molecules in Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates and future investigations]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pneumocystis (Pc) jirovecii causes severe interstitial pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiency, in whom this fungus adheres with type-I alveolar epithelial cells. Therefore, it is important to perform quick diagnosis and treatment for Pc pneumonia (PcP). In general, a combination of two antifolate agents, sulfamethoxazole (inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)) and trimethoprim (inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase), is the first choice for PcP treatment, and pentamidine or atovaquone (inhibition of cytochrome b) are the alternative reagents for the therapy. Amino acid substitutions of drug-binding sites i...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Takahashi T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Application of in situ hybridization to tissue sections for identification of molds causing invasive fungal infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present article describes our studies to know the usefulness of in situ hybridization (ISH) to identify various kinds of mold observed in tissue sections and / or cytological preparations from the lesions of patients with invasive fungal infection. To establish the precise procedure for ISH in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, various pretreatments were attempted. The condition finally chosen is written here providing a favorable outcome regarding to both intensity and specificity of signals on outline of molds observed in the tissue sections when specimens were treated with both heat and proteinase K ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shinozaki M, Okubo Y, Nakayama H, Mitsuda A, Ide T, Yamagata Murayama S, Shibuya K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Animal model for superficial mycosis]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tinea corporis and the tinea pedis model in guinea pig with Trichophyton mentagrophytes are well established models of dermatophytoses. We attempted to provide animal infection models for T. tonsurans, endemic in Japan, and Malassezia restricta, an important pathogenic factor in seborrhoeic dermatitis, by utilizing the tinea corporis model. An inoculum of the organisms was applied to the back skin of male guinea pigs. T. tonsurans infected animals showed follicular inflammation mimicking those seen in humans. Interestingly, anthropophilic T. tonsurans showed a high infection rate in animal skin. Meanwhile, a single app...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Koga H Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Antifungal activity of itraconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates obtained from animals with mycoses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the antifungal activities of itraconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates of C. neoformans, Candida spp., and A. fumigatus isolated from animals with mycoses were examined using the broth microdilution method performed according to the guidelines provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole toward the C. neoformans, Candida spp., and A. fumigatus isolates were 0.125 - 1, 0.125 - 2, and 0.25 - 2 microg/ml, respectively, and those of voriconazole were 0.0625 - 0.5, < or =0.0313 - 0.0625, and 0.0625 - 1 microg/ml, respect...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Okabayashi K, Imaji M, Osumi T, Murakami Y, Maruyama H, Kano R, Hasegawa A, Watanabe T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary care hospital.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Seven cases of cryptococcus meningitis in a tertiary care hospital from 2004-2007 were reviewed. 85.7% of the patients had headache as their predominant clinical feature. The spectrum of CT / MR findings ranged from no abnormality, basal ganglion lesion, to intracerebral and intraventricular granulomas. Findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and biochemistry analysis were inconclusive. Patients were diagnosed by India ink(100%), CSF cryptococcal antigen detection(100%), and CSF culture in 6(85.7%). With the exception of two patients, co-morbidities associated were HIV, diabetes mellitus, and idiopathic CD4 + ly...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Juhi T, BibhaBati M, Aradhana B, Poonam L, Vinita D, Archana T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Survey of 155 sporotrichosis cases examined in Nagasaki Prefecture from 1951 to 2007]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A total of 155 sporotrichosis cases examined in Nagasaki prefecture, including 138 cases which had been previously reported and 16 examined from 2002 to 2007, were surveyed and compared. No significant differences were found between 143 cases from 1951 to 2001 and 12 of these from 2002 to 2007 in sex or the affected regions of the body. Males and females were equally affected. The lesions were frequently seen on the face(28.2%, 25.0%)and upper limbs (62.1%, 66.7%). Fixed type (62.1%)was much more frequent than the lymphocutaneous type(37.9%)from 1951 to 2001, but in recent year there was an equal number of two types. T...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Takenaka M, Sato S, Nishimoto K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[A study of otitis externa associated with Malassezia]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Malassezia-positive smears can be recognized from otitis externa, however, there are few references in the literature to the relation between Malassezia and otitis externa. Therefore, the bacterial and clinical characteristics of 72 cases (63 patients) with otitis externa were investigated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Takinomiya General Hospital to analyze this. Thirty-seven cases were bacterial otitis externa, 20 cases were fungal otitis externa, and 15 cases were etiological agents unknown in this study. The causative organisms in fungal otitis externa were the genera Aspergillus (10 cases), Malassezia (...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shiota R, Kaneko T, Yano H, Takeshita K, Nishioka K, Makimura K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Culture and morphological identification methods for pathogenic fungi]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19430187 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Nishimura K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Mold allergy]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19430188 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Akiyama K, Taniguchi M Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[The control of dermatophytoses based on ecological aspect of causative fungi]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dermatophytes are fungi capable of digesting keratin and able to infect the skin surface of animal. Among them, the anthropophilic species Trichophyton rubrum is the most important human pathogen in Japan as the causative species of tinea lesions. The lesions caused by this fungus are known to be mild in their inflammatory reaction. More than 20% of the Japanese population is believed to be suffering from tinea pedis and the situation has not changed despite the introduction of new potent antifungal drugs. Several attempts made to cultivate the fungus on the skin surface has revealed the presence of pathogenic dermatop...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Nishimoto K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[A brief history of time: 1945-2008--studies, manuscripts, and publications]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
I (the author), Tadahiko Matsumoto, who is a winner of the 2008 Japanese Society for Medical Mycology (JSMM) Award, was born in 1945 and graduated in 1969 from Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan with an M.D. degree. At the Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University I studied dermatology and medical mycology. In Tokyo (1970-1971) at the Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences I learned general mycology. During the period from 1981 to 1983 I further studied medical mycology at the Division of Mycotic Diseases (Director: Dr. Libero Ajello), Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Matsumoto T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Fungicidal activity of liranaftate against dermatophytes]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we found that it was harder to kill T. rubrum than other dermatophytes. Therefore, liranaftate with its potent fungicidal activities was suggested an efficacious agent for the treatment of dermatophytes. PMID: 19194054 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Oku Y, Takahashi N, Yokoyama K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Successful mating of a human isolate of Arthroderma simii with a tester strain of A. vanbreuseghemii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An isolate of Arthroderma simii was successfully mated with a tester strain of A. vanbreuseghemii cultured on the plate of simple agar with some hair on it at 27 degrees C. Confirmation of sexual reproduction was made by the detection of hybrids of two parental genotypes. The implications of this result are discussed from the viewpoint of a reevaluation of the species boundaries of dermatophytes. PMID: 19194055 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kawasaki M, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T, Ishizaki H, Hemashettar BM Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Sporothrix schenckii in India, Thailand, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Up to now, 30 mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)and 4 rDNA types of Sporothrix schenckii strains have been identified. Here, seventy-six isolates of S. schenckii from Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Thailand and India were genotyped and studied epidemiologically by mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP)and internal transcribed spacer region(ITS)-RFLP analysis and two new mtDNA types, Type 31 and Type 32, were found. Type 30, previously reported by Mora-Cabrera et al. was confirmed to be Type 3 and designated as blank. Of 48 isolates from Mexico, 41 belonged to Group A wherein Type 2(13 isolates), Type 3(10)and Type 28(...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ishizaki H, Kawasaki M, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T, Chakrabarti A, Ungpakorn R, Torres Guererro H, Toriello C, Arenas R Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Imaging of pulmonary fungal infection]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19194057 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - February 8, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ashizawa K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Biosynthetic pathway of GPI-anchored cell wall mannoproteins in yeast as a potential target for anti-fungal and anti-cancer drugs]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) -anchored mannoproteins are one of the major cell wall components of eukaryotic microorganisms, including yeast and fungi. Some GPI-anchored proteins are localized at the plasma membrane, but others are processed at the plasma membrane and are covalently linked to beta-1, 6-glucan of the cell wall through the GPI portion. The genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis and cell wall assembly are potential targets of anti-fungal reagents. We identified GWT1 as a new anti-fungal drug candidate target and elucidated its function as being involved in the acylation of the inosito...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jigami Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Candidates for virulence factors of Aspergillus fumigatus]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The number of patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI) has dramatically increased since the beginning of the 1980s. Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common species recovered from aspergillosis, is an important pathogen of IFI. Recently, new antifungal agents have become available in Japan, but mortality from aspergillosis is still high. Early initiation of therapy seems to improve the survival rate. Study of virulence factors of the fungus may lead to the development of novel diagnostic tools or advancements in therapy. Many candidates of the fungal virulence factors have been studied including proteases and mycoto...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Watanabe A, Hashimoto Y, Higurashi H, Ochiai E, Toyotome T, Nagayoshi M, Kamei K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Deep seated mycosis diagnosed at hospital pathology division]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A pathological diagnosis can be a decisive diagnosis for deep-seated mycosis. HE stain is used to look for structural changes of the infected lesion and then various special stains are used to visualize the fungus in sections. When viability of the fungus is low, it is faintly stained with HE or PAS. Grocott stain can clearly demonstrate the fungus regardless of viability. Overstaining and understaining sometimes occur. Grocott stain is not suitable to detect structural changes of an infected lesion. Cell walls of Cryptococcus and dematiaceous fungi are stained brown with Fontana-Masson stain because of the existence o...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kimura M Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Our efforts to curb systemic fungal infections]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The number of systemic fungal infection (SFI) cases is going due to the increase in immunocompromised hosts associated with advanced chemotherapy and high-tech medical devices. Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus are major etiologies of SFIs and a remarkable increase of aspergillosis has been noted. The problems of SFIs in general are lower diagnostic rate and worse prognosis compared to infections by other pathogens. Clinical concerns of SFIs are the low diagnostic rate of aspergillosis, lack of evidence for treatment of chronic aspergillosis, poor outcome of cryptococcal encephalomeningitis of immunocompromised hos...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Izumikawa K, Kohno S Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Farnesol as a quorum-sensing molecule in Candida albicans]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we discuss the effects of farnesol on: 1. growth of Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo; 2. the incorporation of biomolecules into the cell wall of Candida albicans; and 3. cytokine expression by the immune system. Our results indicate genes of Candida albicans expressed at an early stage of quorum-sensing. Half of these genes are known and two-thirds of known genes are up-regulated by two types of transcription factors. PMID: 19001754 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Cho T, Aoyama T, Toyoda M, Nakayama H, Chibana H, Kaminishi H, Calderone RA Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Coronary arteritis induced by CAWS (Candida albicans water-soluble fraction) in various strains of mice]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The intraperitoneal administration of CAWS (water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide fraction obtained from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans NBRC 1385) to mice induces coronaritis similar to Kawasaki disease. We analyzed differences in the occurrence of coronary arteritis among mouse strains, inbred strains, a closed colony, hybrids and mutants. CAWS vasculitis was induced in almost all of the inbred and closed colony strains tested, except for CBA / J mice; it was induced also in hybrids, CDF1 and BDF1. In mutant strains of various immunological defects, such as C57BL / 6J Ham Slc-bg , Balb / c nu / nu , ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Molecular approach to pathology of and immunity against dermatophytes]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Molecular biological studies of the host invasion mechanisms and possible virulence-related factors of dermatophytes have just begun. The identification of individual genes and large-scale investigations of transcripts expressed under different experimental culture conditions have provided useful information on the structure, expression, and regulation of the genes of major dermatophyte species such as Trichophyton rubrum. The next goal of dermatophytosis research will be to elucidate the functions and roles of the identified fungal genes during the infection process. It will also be necessary to investigate the host i...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yamada T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Screening examination of Trichophyton tonsurans among Judo practitioners at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents the results of an examination for Trichophyton tonsurans(T. tonsurans)performed by the hairbrush (HB; 90 bristles)method at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007. Samples were taken from 487 Judo practitioners (265 males and 222 females) out of a total of 951. The areas with the highest positive rates were: Kyushu 21%(15 participants out of 73 sampled), Tohoku 17% (13 out of 77), Kinki 16% (14 out of 89), and Chubu 13% (12 out of 89). Four participants from Kyushu, four from Tohoku, two from Kinki, and two from Chubu were strongly positive carriers, their samples developing more t...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shinoda H, Nishimoto K, Mochizuki T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Anti-fungal drug liranaftate suppresses fungal element-promoted production of IL-8 in normal human keratinocytes]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dermatophytes reside in the stratum corneum of the epidermis, and one scenario in superficial dermatophytosis is that fungi stimulate keratinocytes to secrete chemokines, thereby attracting inflammatory cells. We investigated the effect of the cytokine / chemokine production of keratinocytes solely stimulated by fungal elements. The fungal elements beta-D-glucan and trichophytin from Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes augmented production of IL-8 and IL-1 alpha of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. It was found that keratinocytes can recognize elements of dermatophytes as a pathogen. Next w...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kobayashi M, Kabashima K, Tokura Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Management of fungal infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19001761 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kanda Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

[Diagnosis of cutaneous mycoses]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19001762 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 19, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maruyama R Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

From Attachment to Invasion: Infection Associated Genes of Candida albicans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19001749 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Zakikhany K, Thewes S, Wilson D, Martin R, Albrecht A, Hube B Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Biosynthetic Pathway of GPI-anchored Cell Wall Mannoproteins in Yeast as a Potential Target for Anti-fungal and Anti-cancer Drugs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) -anchored mannoproteins are one of the major cell wall components of eukaryotic microorganisms, including yeast and fungi. Some GPI-anchored proteins are localized at the plasma membrane, but others are processed at the plasma membrane and are covalently linked to beta-1, 6-glucan of the cell wall through the GPI portion. The genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis and cell wall assembly are potential targets of anti-fungal reagents. We identified GWT1 as a new anti-fungal drug candidate target and elucidated its function as being involved in the acylation of the inosito...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jigami Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Candidates for Virulence Factors of Aspergillus fumigatus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The number of patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI) has dramatically increased since the beginning of the 1980s. Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common species recovered from aspergillosis, is an important pathogen of IFI. Recently, new antifungal agents have become available in Japan, but mortality from aspergillosis is still high. Early initiation of therapy seems to improve the survival rate. Study of virulence factors of the fungus may lead to the development of novel diagnostic tools or advancements in therapy. Many candidates of the fungal virulence factors have been studied including proteases and mycoto...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Watanabe A, Hashimoto Y, Higurashi H, Ochiai E, Toyotome T, Nagayoshi M, Kamei K Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Deep seated mycosis diagnosed at hospital pathology division.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A pathological diagnosis can be a decisive diagnosis for deep-seated mycosis. HE stain is used to look for structural changes of the infected lesion and then various special stains are used to visualize the fungus in sections. When viability of the fungus is low, it is faintly stained with HE or PAS. Grocott stain can clearly demonstrate the fungus regardless of viability. Overstaining and understaining sometimes occur. Grocott stain is not suitable to detect structural changes of an infected lesion. Cell walls of Cryptococcus and dematiaceous fungi are stained brown with Fontana-Masson stain because of the existence o...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kimura M Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Our efforts to curb systemic fungal infections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The number of systemic fungal infection (SFI) cases is going due to the increase in immunocompromised hosts associated with advanced chemotherapy and high-tech medical devices. Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus are major etiologies of SFIs and a remarkable increase of aspergillosis has been noted. The problems of SFIs in general are lower diagnostic rate and worse prognosis compared to infections by other pathogens. Clinical concerns of SFIs are the low diagnostic rate of aspergillosis, lack of evidence for treatment of chronic aspergillosis, poor outcome of cryptococcal encephalomeningitis of immunocompromised hos...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Izumikawa K, Kohno S Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Farnesol as a Quorum-sensing Molecule in Candida albicans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we discuss the effects of farnesol on: 1. growth of Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo; 2. the incorporation of biomolecules into the cell wall of Candida albicans; and 3. cytokine expression by the immune system. Our results indicate genes of Candida albicans expressed at an early stage of quorum-sensing. Half of these genes are known and two-thirds of known genes are up-regulated by two types of transcription factors. PMID: 19001754 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Cho T, Aoyama T, Toyoda M, Nakayama H, Chibana H, Kaminishi H, A Calderone R Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Coronary Arteritis Induced by CAWS (Candida albicans Water-Soluble Fraction) in Various Strains of Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The intraperitoneal administration of CAWS (water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide fraction obtained from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans NBRC 1385) to mice induces coronaritis similar to Kawasaki disease. We analyzed differences in the occurrence of coronary arteritis among mouse strains, inbred strains, a closed colony, hybrids and mutants. CAWS vasculitis was induced in almost all of the inbred and closed colony strains tested, except for CBA / J mice; it was induced also in hybrids, CDF1 and BDF1. In mutant strains of various immunological defects, such as C57BL / 6J Ham Slc-bg , Balb / c nu / nu , ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Molecular Approach to Pathology of and Immunity against Dermatophytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Molecular biological studies of the host invasion mechanisms and possible virulence-related factors of dermatophytes have just begun. The identification of individual genes and large-scale investigations of transcripts expressed under different experimental culture conditions have provided useful information on the structure, expression, and regulation of the genes of major dermatophyte species such as Trichophyton rubrum . The next goal of dermatophytosis research will be to elucidate the functions and roles of the identified fungal genes during the infection process. It will also be necessary to investigate the host ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yamada T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Fungicidal Effect and Oral Acute Toxicity of Cassia spectabilis Leaf Extract.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The fungicidal activity of Cassia spectabilis leaf extracts was investigated using the disk diffusion technique and the broth dilution method. The extract showed a favorable antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)value of 6.25 mg / ml. Apart from the fungicidal effects, imaging using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of the C. albicans. The main abnormalities noted in the SEM studies were the alterations in morphology and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract. The in...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Sangetha S, Zuraini Z, Sasidharan S, Suryani S Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Screening Examination of Trichophyton tonsurans among Judo Practitioners at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents the results of an examination for Trichophyton tonsurans(T. tonsurans)performed by the hairbrush(HB; 90 bristles)method at the All Japan Inter High School Championships, Saga 2007. Samples were taken from 487 Judo practitioners(265 males and 222 females)out of a total of 951. The areas with the highest positive rates were: Kyushu 21%(15 participants out of 73 sampled), Tohoku 17%(13 out of 77), Kinki 16%(14 out of 89), and Chubu 13%(12 out of 89). Four participants from Kyushu, four from Tohoku, two from Kinki, and two from Chubu were strongly positive carriers, their samples developing more than 30...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Shinoda H, Nishimoto K, Mochizuki T Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Different genes can result in different phylogenetic relationships in trichophyton species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To determine the relationships among Trichophyton species we constructed three phylogenies, based on the nucleotide sequences of the actin, rRNA and DNA topoisomerase II genes. These phylogenies showed several conflicting branch points. For example, strains of T. verrucosum,T. concentricum and T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei were mingled with strains of Arthroderma benhamiae and could not be separated into their own phylogenic groups. In addition, strains of A. vanbreuseghemii, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum were mingled with strains of A. simii and could not b...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kawasaki M, Anzawa K, Wakasa A, Takeda K, Tanabe H, Mochizuki T, Ishizaki H, M Hemashettar B Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Anti-fungal Drug Liranaftate Suppresses Fungal Element-promoted Production of IL-8 in Normal Human Keratinocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dermatophytes reside in the stratum corneum of the epidermis, and one scenario in superficial dermatophytosis is that fungi stimulate keratinocytes to secrete chemokines, thereby attracting inflammatory cells. We investigated the effect of the cytokine / chemokine production of keratinocytes solely stimulated by fungal elements. The fungal elements beta -D-glucan and trichophytin from Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes augmented production of IL-8 and IL-1 alpha of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. It was found that keratinocytes can recognize elements of dermatophytes as a pathogen. Next ...
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kobayashi M, Kabashima K, Tokura Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Management of fungal infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19001761 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kanda Y Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals

Diagnosis of cutaneous mycoses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19001762 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk...)
Source: Nippon Ishinkin Gakk... - November 15, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maruyama R Tags: Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi Source Type: journals