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Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

New developments in the regulation of intestinal copper absorptionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The transition metal copper is an essential trace element involved in many enzymatic processes that require redox-chemistry. The redox-activity of copper is potentially harmful. Severe imbalance of copper homeostasis can occur with some hereditary disorders of copper metabolism. Copper is acquired from the diet by intestinal absorption and is subsequently distributed throughout the body. The regulation of intestinal copper absorption to maintain whole-body copper homeostasis is currently poorly understood. This review evaluates novel findings regarding the molecular mechanism of intestinal copper uptake. The role of recent...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Peter VE van den Berghe, Leo WJ Klomp Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

Role of nutrition in the risk of preeclampsiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature concerning 1) the current understanding of the pathogenesis of PE, 2) the biological plausibility and potential mechanisms underlying the associations between maternal dietary exposures, nutrition, and the risk of PE, and 3) the epidemiological findings of maternal nutrient intake in relation to the risk of PE. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hairong Xu, Bryna Shatenstein, Zhong-Cheng Luo, Shuqin Wei, William Fraser Tags: Nutrition in Clinical Care Source Type: journals

Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves: potential beneficial effects on human healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves have been widely used in traditional remedies in European and Mediterranean countries such as Greece, Spain, Italy, France, Turkey, Israel, Morocco, and Tunisia. They have been used in the human diet as an extract, an herbal tea, and a powder, and they contain many potentially bioactive compounds that may have antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolemic properties. One of these potentially bioactive compounds is the secoiridoid oleuropein, which can constitute up to 6[ndash]9% of dry matter in the leaves. Other bioactive compo...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sedef N El, Sibel Karakaya Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Beta-glucans in higher fungi and their health effectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Together with chitin, the [beta]-glucans are components of mycetes' cell walls. A high level of biological efficiency has been found in [beta]-glucans, especially [beta]-1,3-D-glucans and [beta]-1,6-D-glucans isolated from some basidiomycetes. (Biological efficiency refers to the relative ability of [beta]-glucans to promote a desired response, for example to induce leukocyte activation and to produce inflammatory mediators.) These polysaccharides increase the number of Th1 lymphocytes, which help protect organisms against allergic reactions. A number of [beta]-glucans, for example pleuran from Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) mush...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Otakar Rop, Jiri Mlcek, Tunde Jurikova Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Choline: an essential nutrient for public healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Choline was officially recognized as an essential nutrient by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1998. There is significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by common genetic polymorphisms. Because of its wide-ranging roles in human metabolism, from cell structure to neurotransmitter synthesis, choline-deficiency is now thought to have an impact on diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis, and, possibly, neurological disorders. Choline is found in a wide variety of foods. Eggs and meats are rich sources of choline in the North American diet, providing up to 430 milligrams per 10...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - November 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Steven H Zeisel, Kerry-Ann da Costa Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Impact of micronutrient deficiencies on obesityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Micronutrient deficiencies have been found in obese individuals across age groups worldwide. While the effects of micronutrient deficiencies on human functions have been studied widely in different populations, there is limited information on how these micronutrient deficiencies affect obese populations. An examination of the available literature suggests associations exist between micronutrient deficiencies and obesity in different populations. These associations and possible mechanisms of the deficiencies' metabolic effects, such as their influence on leptin and insulin metabolism, are discussed here. Further studies are...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Olga P García, Kurt Z Long, Jorge L Rosado Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

Forward genetics used to identify new gene Mon1a with critical role in controlling macrophage iron metabolism and iron recycling from erythrocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A recent study used a forward genetics approach to identify a new gene whose protein product controls erythrocyte iron recycling mediated through macrophages in the spleen. Initially the investigators found a genetic region on chromosome 9 accounting for one third of the variation in spleen iron level in mice. Additional approaches to narrow the genomic region identified the gene Mon1a, which codes for a protein that acts as a novel regulator of spleen iron release. Cell-based studies showed that Mon1a is necessary for vesicular trafficking of proteins, including the iron-export protein ferroportin, to the macrophage cell ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rebecca A McCreedy, James C Fleet Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

Metabolic osteopathy in celiac disease: importance of a gluten-free dietEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is frequently found in individuals with untreated celiac disease (CD), possibly due to calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and misbalanced bone remodeling. A gluten-free diet (GFD) promotes a rapid increase in BMD that leads to complete recovery of bone mineralization in children. Children may attain normal peak bone mass if the diagnosis is made and treatment is given before puberty, thereby preventing osteoporosis in later life. A GFD improves, but rarely normalizes, BMD in patients diagnosed with CD in adulthood. In some cases, nutritional supple...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Vanessa D Capriles, Ligia A Martini, José Alfredo G Arêas Tags: Nutrition in Clinical Care Source Type: journals

Nibbling versus feasting: which meal pattern is better for heart disease prevention?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present review was to determine which meal pattern, nibbling or feasting, is more effective at improving key indicators of CHD risk in normal-weight and obese, non-diabetic individuals. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Surabhi Bhutani, Krista A Varady Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Polyunsaturated fatty acid status in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and Alzheimer's disease: towards an omega-3 index for mental health?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interest in the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly long-chain (LC) omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs, in mental health is increasing. This review investigates whether n-3 PUFA levels are abnormal in people with three prevalent mental health problems [ndash] attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and dementia. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, and bibliographies of papers published in English that describe PUFA levels in the circulation of individuals who have these mental health conditions. Although abnormal blood PUFA levels were reported in a number of studies, weighted comparisons of ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Catherine M Milte, Natalie Sinn, Peter RC Howe Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Nuts and oxidation: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In recent years, nuts have received special attention because of their potential role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Because nuts are very rich in total fat that can potentially be oxidized and their skins contain several antioxidants, studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential effect of nut consumption on oxidative stress. This review evaluates the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted in animals or humans to analyze the effect of nuts on oxidation. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 22, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Patricia López-Uriarte, Mònica Bulló, Patricia Casas-Agustench, Nancy Babio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

Adipose-specific phospholipase as regulator of adiposityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A white adipose-tissue-specific intracellular phospholipase, which releases arachidonic acid from position sn-2 of phospholipids, was recently discovered and named AdPLA. When AdPLA was induced by feeding or by insulin treatment, the arachidonic acid released from phospholipids acted as a precursor for the formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Subsequent activation of the prostaglandin receptor EP3 caused decreased levels of cAMP that led to decreased lipolysis and increased adiposity. Ablation of AdPLA in knockout mice resulted in the reverse sequence of events, with a decline in arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: George Wolf Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

Probiotic microbes: do they need to be alive to be beneficial?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An essential symbiotic relationship exists between intestinal cells and commensal bacteria within the human gastrointestinal tract. Alteration or absence of this interaction may play a role in the development of human disease. Use of probiotic organisms has yielded improvement of certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal disease, although the mechanisms of benefit remain poorly defined. The administration of live organisms is not without risk, both potential and realized, particularly in certain populations. Therefore, it is of considerable interest to determine if the health benefits...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jasmeet Kataria, Nan Li, James L Wynn, Josef Neu Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

Influence of observational study design on the interpretation of cancer risk reduction by carotenoidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently published literature has been reviewed to determine whether lycopene, [beta]-carotene, [alpha]-carotene, and [beta]-cryptoxanthin are associated with reductions in cancer risk and whether study findings differ by study design. A total of 57 publications meeting pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, with the majority (55) being observational studies. None of the intervention studies supported a significant reduction in cancer risk with carotenoid ([beta]-carotene) supplementation. The majority of observational studies did not support significant reductions in cancer risk with increased carot...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kathy Musa-Veloso, Jeffrey W Card, Andrea W Wong, Dale A Cooper Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Diet, fecal water, and colon cancer – development of a biomarkerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer incidence worldwide. Lifestyle factors, especially dietary intake, affect the risk of CRC development. Suitable risk biomarkers are required in order to assess the effect that specific dietary components have on CRC risk. The relationship between dietary intake and indicators of fecal water activity has been assessed using cell and animal models as well as human studies. This review summarizes the literature on fecal water and dietary components with a view to establishing further the potential role of fecal water as a source of CRC risk biomarkers. The literature indica...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - August 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jennifer R Pearson, Chris IR Gill, Ian R Rowland Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

Vitamin D and the occurrence of depression: causal association or circumstantial evidence?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
While recent laboratory-based studies have substantially advanced our understanding of the action of vitamin D in the brain, much is still unknown concerning how vitamin D relates to mood. The few epidemiological studies of vitamin D and depression have produced inconsistent results and generally have had substantial methodological limitations. Recent findings from a randomized trial suggest that high doses of supplemental vitamin D may improve mild depressive symptoms, but important questions persist concerning how vitamin D may affect monoamine function and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress, whether ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

Does tailoring make a difference? A systematic review of the long-term effectiveness of tailored nutrition education for adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tailoring individualizes information to the receiver and provides a potential strategy for improving dietary intakes. The present systematic review summarizes evidence for the long-term ([ge]6 months) effectiveness of tailored nutrition education for adults and includes priority population groups. Key electronic databases and relevant bibliographies were searched for trials measuring the following outcomes: nutrition-related health behaviors (e.g., dietary intake and food purchases) and anthropometric measures. Data synthesis was comprised of meta-analysis (for 15 trials including all population groups) and narrative revie...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Helen C Eyles, Cliona Ni Mhurchu Tags: Nutrition Science & #8596;Policy Source Type: journals

Influence of dietary gangliosides on neonatal brain developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. Gangliosides are found in human milk; understanding of the potential role of gangliosides in infant development is emerging, with suggested roles in the brain and gut. Ganglioside accretion in the developing brain is highest in utero and in early neonatal life, during the periods of dendritic branching and new synapse formation. Further, brain contains the highest relative ganglioside content in the body, particularly in neuronal cell membranes concentrated in the area of the synaptic membrane. Gangliosides are known to play a role in neuronal growth, migration an...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Paul McJarrow, Nicholas Schnell, Jacqueline Jumpsen, Tom Clandinin Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Mendelian randomization in nutritional epidemiologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nutritional epidemiology aims to identify dietary and lifestyle causes for human diseases. Causality inference in nutritional epidemiology is largely based on evidence from studies of observational design, and may be distorted by unmeasured or residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization is a recently developed methodology that combines genetic and classical epidemiological analysis to infer causality for environmental exposures, based on the principle of Mendel's law of independent assortment. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as proxies for environmental exposures of interest. Associati...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lu Qi Tags: Special Articles Source Type: journals

Electron transfer mediators and other metabolites and cofactors in the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the rationale for their use and their role in clinical practice in the context of MDs and other disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Daniele Orsucci, Massimiliano Filosto, Gabriele Siciliano, Michelangelo Mancuso Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Dietary polyphenols can modulate the intestinal inflammatory responseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from multiple causes, including environmental factors, gut microflora, immunity, and genetic predispositions. In the course of IBD, immune homeostasis and intestinal mucosa barrier integrity are impaired. Among natural preventive treatments that have been identified to date, polyphenols appear as promising candidates. They have been shown to protect against several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancers, and they have anti-inflammatory properties in non-intestinal models. This paper will review the literature that has described to date some effects of polyphenols on ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Béatrice Romier, Yves-Jacques Schneider, Yvan Larondelle, Alexandrine During Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Authors' replyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hassan Vatanparast, Zohreh Sabbagh Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: journals

Is calcium supplementation a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in older women?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrew Grey, Mark Bolland, Ian R Reid Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: journals

Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

Manganese and birth outcomeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Manganese is an essential mineral nutrient needed for proper fetal development and other important aspects of metabolism. However, manganese excess can have a potent neurotoxicity effect, especially in infants. Little is known about the effects of manganese deficiency or excess on the developing human fetus. The findings of two recent studies indicate that lower maternal blood manganese is associated with fetal intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and lower birth weight. In light of the importance of IUGR and birth weight on neonatal morbidity and mortality, additional basic studies of maternal and fetal manganese physio...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Richard J Wood Tags: Emerging Science Source Type: journals

The effect of genistein aglycone on cancer and cancer risk: a review of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Asian epidemiological studies, health benefits, including reduced incidence of breast and prostate cancers, are attributed to soy food and isoflavone consumption. The recent increased intake of soy foods and supplements in the American diet has raised concerns about the possible estrogen-like effects of natural isoflavones and possible promotion or propagation of estrogen-sensitive cancers. These concerns are primarily based on in vitro and rodent data which suggest that genistein aglycone can stimulate tumor cell proliferation and growth in mice having deficient immune systems. In contrast, a recent nested case-control...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Christopher K Taylor, Robert M Levy, Jay C Elliott, Bruce P Burnett Tags: Nutrition in Clinical Care Source Type: journals

Assessing the environment for regulatory change for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid nutrition labelingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review examines issues related to the development of a recommended daily allowance or adequate intake, two of the categories of dietary reference intakes, for the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). Although some have suggested a dietary intake of two servings of fatty fish per week or supplement intake of 500 mg/day EPA plus DHA, based on evidence from epidemiologic and clinical studies of cardiovascular benefit from regular fish or fish-oil consumption, supplementation with EPA and/or DHA may also have antide...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Amy M Brownawell, William S Harris, Joseph R Hibbeln, David M Klurfeld, Ian Newton, Allison Yates Tags: Nutrition & #8596;Science Policy Source Type: journals

Association between eating frequency, weight, and healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is speculation amongst health professionals, the media, and the public regarding eating frequency (EF) and its impact on weight and health. Nutritional weight-loss and -maintenance interventions of longer than 1 week's duration were reviewed for associations between EF and weight and health. Of the 176 studies identified, 25 relevant studies matched the criteria and only 10 of these were weight-loss interventions. Generally, sample sizes were small, interventions were short-term, and a wide array of definitions was used to define an eating occasion. Several key outcomes such as physical activity, adherence to assigne...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Michelle A Palmer, Sandra Capra, Surinder K Baines Tags: Special Article Source Type: journals

Nutrition UpdatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: KE D'Anci Tags: Nutrition Updates Source Type: journals

Patterns of postnatal growth in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HIV infection can contribute to disturbances in both linear growth and weight gain in early childhood, with disturbances often apparent as early as 3 months of age. There is little evidence for a difference in the early growth of HIV-exposed but uninfected children compared to healthy controls. Owing to the close association of growth with immune function and clinical progression, an understanding of growth patterns may be an important tool to ensure the provision of appropriate care to HIV-infected and exposed children. Timely growth monitoring may be used to improve the clinical course and quality of life of these childr...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sheila Isanaka, Christopher Duggan, Wafaie W Fawzi Tags: Nutrition in Clinical Care Source Type: journals

Sales promotions and food consumptionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective is to identify if and what literature exists, examine the nature of this literature, and analyze what can be learned from it about the effects of sales promotions on food consumption. The review finds that while sales promotions lead to significant sales increases over the short-term, this does not necessarily lead to changes in food-consumption patterns. Nevertheless, there is evidence from econometric modeling studies indicating that sales promotions can influence consumption patterns by influencing the purchasing choices of consumers and encouraging them to eat more. These effects depend on the characteris...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Corinna Hawkes Tags: Nutrition Science & #8596;Policy Source Type: journals

Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind – a reassessmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scurvy is a thousand-year-old stereotypical disease characterized by apathy, weakness, easy bruising with tiny or large skin hemorrhages, friable bleeding gums, and swollen legs. Untreated patients may die. In the last five centuries sailors and some ships' doctors used oranges and lemons to cure and prevent scurvy, yet university-trained European physicians with no experience of either the disease or its cure by citrus fruits persisted in reviews of the extensive but conflicting literature. In the 20th century scurvy was shown to be due to a deficiency of the essential food factor ascorbic acid. This vitamin C was synthes...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron Tags: Historical Perspective Source Type: journals

Dietary patterns and breast cancer: a review with focus on methodological issuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Available information on dietary patterns (multiple dietary components operationalized as a single exposure) and cancer is still sparse. This review presents papers published to date that have identified dietary patterns according to all the existing approaches and have assessed their association with breast cancer. Nineteen articles published since 1995 were identified based on studies conducted in various populations across many countries. The majority of them identified a posteriori dietary patterns, mainly using principal component factor analysis. Six studies did not find associations between any of the identified die...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Valeria Edefonti, Giorgia Randi, Carlo La Vecchia, Monica Ferraroni, Adriano Decarli Tags: Lead Article Source Type: journals

Health benefits of dietary fiber.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances wei...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Anderson JW, Baird P, Davis RH, Ferreri S, Knudtson M, Koraym A, Waters V, Williams CL Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Folate, cancer risk, and the Greek god, Proteus: a tale of two chameleons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Evidence indicates that an abundant intake of foodstuffs rich in folate conveys protection against the development of colorectal cancer, and perhaps some other common cancers as well. The issue is complex, however, since some observations in animal and human studies demonstrate that an overly abundant intake of folate among those who harbor existing foci of neoplasia might instead produce a paradoxical promotion of tumorigenesis. The pharmaceutical form of the vitamin, folic acid, might affect the process in a manner that is distinct from natural forms of the vitamin, although this remains a speculative concept. Our li...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mason JB Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Soy consumption, adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines: a brief review of the literature.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Given the interest in the vascular effects of both soyfoods and soy isoflavones, the purpose of this short review is to evaluate clinical trials that have examined the effects of isoflavone-rich soy products on the novel cardiovascular risk factors, cellular adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 14 randomized clinical studies were assessed. From the data evaluated, evidence suggests that neither soyfoods nor soy isoflavones affect IL-6 or TNF-alpha expression. In contrast, the effects of soy on cellular adhesion molecules are mixed. Study design characteristics possibly contributing to the inco...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Beavers KM, Jonnalagadda SS, Messina MJ Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Soy constituents: modes of action in low-density lipoprotein management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Reviewed here are the modes of action of soy components used as ingredients in foods, which can lower plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, which are markers for the risk for atherosclerosis. Soy ingredients act via more than one mode of action including the following: LDL absorption suppression, cholesterol efflux stimulation, LDL resorption stimulation, LDL oxidation prevention, LDL particle size increase, cholesterol synthesis reduction, and bile secretion increase. Individual genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition habits alter LDL management and a better understanding of the various modes of a...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: van Ee JH Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Nutritional interpretation of folic acid interventions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Folate is an essential micronutrient, and its nutritional inadequacy is widespread; hence, programs to increase its intake are necessary. However, many concerns about possible adverse effects due to excesses have been raised. Serum folate levels are directly correlated with intake and, when low, are associated with neural tube defects (NTD), high blood homocysteine levels, and megaloblastic anemia. Serum folate cutoff points have been identified for each abnormality, and all can be associated with intakes related to the current recommended dietary parameters. Likewise, high intakes that overwhelm the physiological capa...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Dary O Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Major depressive disorder and nutritional medicine: a review of monotherapies and adjuvant treatments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A literature review was conducted to examine the evidence for nutritional interventions in depression. It revealed a number of significant conclusions. Interestingly, more positive clinical trials were found to support adjuvant, rather than monotherapeutic, use of nutrients to treat depression. Much evidence exists in the area of adjuvant application of folic acid, S-adenosyl-methionine, omega-3, and L-tryptophan with antidepressants. Current evidence does not support omega-3 as an effective monotherapy to treat depression. However, this may be due, at least in part, to olive oil being used as the control intervention,...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sarris J, Schoendorfer N, Kavanagh DJ Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Lifestyle intervention for prevention of diabetes: determinants of success for future implementation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lifestyle interventions are reported to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals after mid- and long-term follow-up. Information on determinants of intervention outcome and adherence and the mechanisms underlying diabetes progression are valuable for a more targeted implementation. Weight loss seems a major determinant of diabetes risk reduction, whereas physical activity and dietary composition may contribute independently. Body composition and genetic variation may also affect the response to intervention. Lifestyle interventions are cost-effective and should be optimized to increase adherence and ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Roumen C, Blaak EE, Corpeleijn E Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Seated at the Sabbath table with Rashi and Rambam.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The food habits of two renowned Jewish scholars of the early medieval period, Rashi and Rambam, are examined in light of their locale, religious practice, and the times in which they lived. Their contributions to Jewish life are noted and their understanding of their own food-related customs and nutritional principles are reviewed, as are the foods available to them. PMID: 19239629 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Stollar CA Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Self-regulation and the response to concerns about food and beverage marketing to children in the United States.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews current economic and legal perspectives on food marketing to children that are motivating the policy decision to attempt a period of self-regulation. The empirical literature on this topic has been reinvigorated by new data on marketing practices and expenditures. The article concludes by considering whether more directive policies are possible in the future. PMID: 19239630 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wilde P Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Brown adipose tissue: the molecular mechanism of its formation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is to oxidize fat and to dissipate the energy produced as heat, providing a source of heat to the organism. Preadipocytes are stimulated by expression of the PRDM16 gene to differentiate into BAT cells. The PRDM16 protein is greatly enriched in BAT and causes increased expression of mitochondrial genes and greater density of mitochondria. It increases expression of the uncoupling factor UCP1 and thereby causes a large stimulation of uncoupled respiration with resultant heat production, enhanced by cAMP. Recent evidence strongly supports the idea that the PRDM16 gene determines...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wolf G Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Exercise: it's the real thing!Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an overview of the role of skeletal muscle in health and disease and discusses whether "exercise mimetics" have any potential to combat metabolic diseases. PMID: 19239632 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hawley JA, Holloszy JO Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Carbohydrate-restricted versus low-glycemic-index diets for the treatment of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRD) and diets comprised of foods with a low glycemic index (low-GI) are postulated to improve insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, potentially preventing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this article, recent findings concerning the effects of CRD and low-GI diets on measures associated with the metabolic syndrome and T2DM are discussed. An important problem that is encountered when trying to compare the effects of these different diets is the heterogeneity of carbohydrate consumption (8-40% of total kcal) used in interventions examining the effects of CRD. In ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 27, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wood RJ, Fernandez ML Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals

Animal experimentation--a personal view.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Disagreement about the use of animals in biomedical research has resulted in absurd positions by both sides. Increasingly, some zealots against animal experimentation have resorted to violence or other illegal acts to support their points of view. The value of animal research in providing better health for man and animals is incontrovertible. This is illustrated by references to animal research in the field of nutrition. PMID: 19178650 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gershoff SN Tags: Nutr Rev Source Type: journals