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Editor's Note.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19841241 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Evidence-based nutrition support: is a recession a good thing?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19841242 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Seres DS Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Issues in complementary and alternative nutrition treatments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19841243 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mullin GE Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

An Overview of CAM: Components and Clinical Uses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), more recently known as integrative health or integrative medicine, is a diverse field comprising numerous treatments and practitioners of various levels of training. This review defines several of the main CAM modalities and reviews some of the research relevant to their clinical application. The goal is to provide healthcare providers with a basic understanding of CAM to start the incorporation of proven treatments into their clinical practice as well as guide them to working with CAM providers; ultimately, such knowledge is a fundamental part of a collaborative approach t...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kiefer D, Pitluk J, Klunk K Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

The metabolic syndrome: definition, global impact, and pathophysiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic derangements that are associated with primary disturbances in adipose tissue. Abnormal visceral fat accumulates from physical inactivity and excess calories in genetically susceptible individuals. This increased adipocyte mass acts as an endocrine organ and communicates with other organ systems via increases in inflammatory cytokines. The resulting disorders define MS as increased waist circumference, decreased serum high-density lipoprotein, and increased serum triglyceride levels, hypertension, and insulin resistance. MS accounts for the majority of cardiovascular...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Potenza MV, Mechanick JI Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Pediatric asthma: an integrative approach to care.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asthma in children and young adults is a complex disease with many different phenotypic expressions. Diagnosis is often made based on history and lung function including measuring airway reversibility. However, in children younger than 6 years of age, the diagnosis is more difficult because many children wheeze in the first 4-6 years of life, especially with viral infections. For those children, asthma treatment is often started empirically. Those who go on to develop chronic asthma most likely have a genetic predisposition and exposure to various environmental factors resulting in chronic inflammation of the lower res...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mark JD Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Complementary and Alternative Medications for Women's Health Issues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Women often seek alternative treatment options such as herbs, dietary supplements, and vitamins and minerals to treat women's health issues across the lifespan. Women may use complementary and alternative supplements for dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, infertility, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and symptoms of menopause. In general, there is a deficit of well-designed, randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine for these indications, which makes it difficult to provide evidence-based recommendations. This review outlines the evidence for effi...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lloyd KB, Hornsby LB Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

CAM and Respiratory Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Complementary and alternative medicine is used commonly for respiratory diseases. This review summarizes data that identify potential links between dietary intake and asthma, and results of interventional trials of herbal substances for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute bronchitis. PMID: 19841248 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sorkness RL Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Formulation, stability, and administration of parenteral nutrition with new lipid emulsions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLE) are an important source of energy and essential fatty acids and their incorporation into pediatric and adult parenteral nutrition (PN) regimens has revolutionized nutrition therapy. However, their clinical use has not been without risk, and will continue to remain so because of the intravenous route of administration. Pharmaceutical and microbiological concerns are centered around the methods of compounding all-in-one (AIO) admixtures, but these can be largely minimized with today's technologies and advanced understanding of aseptic principles. Modern lipid products, based on olive, c...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hardy G, Puzovic M Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Enteral nutrition in nursing home residents: a 5-year (2001-2005) epidemiological analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. NHRs receiving EN were mainly afflicted with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, functional impairments, and a high incidence of pressure sores. The mortality rate was low compared with others reported in literature. The low EN use among NHRs in our study may suggest a limited use in advanced dementia and at end-stage of life. PMID: 19841250 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Morello M, Marcon ML, Laviano A, Giometto M, Baruffi C, Zulian E, Cenerelli P, Faronato P, Tessarin M, Conte A, Paccagnella A Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Vitamin d: a d-lightful health supplement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19841251 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mullin GE, Turnbull L, Kines K, Mullin GE Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

A commentary on the construction of weight velocity charts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19841252 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - September 30, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Zemel BS Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

What Does it Mean to "Own Feeding Tubes"?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19605795 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: McClave SA Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Change is in the wind.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19605796 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Van Way CW Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Innovation, persistence, and proficiency in parenteral nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19605797 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Dudrick SJ Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Compounding parenteral nutrition: reducing the risks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article is an overview of United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <797>, with special emphasis on parenteral nutrition. PMID: 19605798 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Curtis C, Sacks GS Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

A nutrition support service web application to manage patients receiving parenteral nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapy that requires expertise and experience to avoid errors in prescribing and management. Because of care coordination issues, one medical center has developed and implemented a Web-based application to manage PN patients. PN orders have already been programmed into the physician order entry system, but the nutrition support service (NSS) consult and daily PN management have been performed using paper forms. The Web system is developed for ease of use by clinicians and accessibility at any computer within the medical center. The database consists of 12 tables interrelated by t...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mirtallo JM, Hawksworth K, Payne B Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Commercial premixed parenteral nutrition: is it right for your institution?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two-compartment premixed parenteral nutrition (PN) products are heavily promoted in the United States. These products may present safety advantages over PN solutions mixed by a local pharmacy, although clinical data to support this assertion are scarce. Multicompartment products can be labor-saving for pharmacy and therefore may be cost-effective for some institutions. Before adopting such products for use, an institution must determine that standardized PN solutions are acceptable for many or most of their patients compared with customized PN compounded specifically for individual patients. A larger selection of premi...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Miller SJ Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition and intraperitoneal nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intradialytic parenteral nutrition and intraperitoneal nutrition are methods to provide supplemental nutrition support to patients with chronic kidney disease (also referred to as end-stage renal disease) while they are receiving dialytic therapy. There has been considerable controversy over indications and benefits of intradialytic parenteral nutrition and intraperitoneal nutrition. A major stumbling block had been problematic reimbursement for the therapy under Medicare. Medicare Part D has alleviated some of the reimbursement obstacles and has increased interest in reexamining the benefits and burdens of supplementa...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fuhrman MP Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Pediatric parenteral nutrition: putting the microscope on macronutrients and micronutrients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the available literature on parenteral nutrition in children and provides suggestions on prevention and management of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Some of the issues discussed in this article include glucose infusion rates, cycling of parenteral nutrition, copper and manganese toxicity, and the provision of glutamine, selenium, and carnitine. PMID: 19605802 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Slicker J, Vermilyea S Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Fish oil lipid emulsions and immune response: what clinicians need to know.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Current evidence indicates that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid found in fish oil, can prevent the development of inflammatory diseases by affecting different steps of the immune response. The capacity of omega-3 PUFAs to modulate synthesis of eicosanoids, activity of nuclear receptor and nuclear transcription factors, and production of resolvins may also mitigate inflammatory processes already present. Parenteral infusion of omega-3 PUFAs is advantageous, particularly in severely ill patients, because the fatty acids are rapidly incorporated by c...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Waitzberg DL, Torrinhas RS Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Development and implementation of an audit tool for quality control of parenteral nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The definition of quality criteria and their standards is an efficient method of providing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the clinical care of patients receiving PN. It detects areas for improvement and assists in developing a methodology to work efficiently. PMID: 19605804 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: García-Rodicio S, Abajo C, Godoy M, Catalá MA Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Nutrition support in surgical oncology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review article, the second in a series of articles to examine the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Guidelines for the Use of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adult and Pediatric Patients, evaluates the evidence related to the use of nutrition support in surgical oncology patients. Cancer patients develop complex nutrition issues. Nutrition support may be indicated in malnourished cancer patients undergoing surgery, depending on individual patient characteristics. As with the first article in this series, this article provides background concerning nutrition issues in cancer pat...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - July 18, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Huhmann MB, August DA Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Hyperglycemic Events in Non-Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: The frequency of hyperglycemia in non-ICU PN patients is high according to either evaluation criterion. A method is described for using events to characterize hyperglycemia, which may be more useful than traditional methods in clinical decision making and identification of need for process improvements. These data suggest the need to develop better methods for BG control in non-ICU PN patients. (Nutr Clin Pract. XXXX;xx:xx-xx). PMID: 19564627 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - June 28, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pleva M, Mirtallo JM, Steinberg SM Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

The evolving rationale for early enteral nutrition based on paradigms of multiple organ failure: a personal journey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19483059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Moore FA, Moore EE Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

The physiologic response and associated clinical benefits from provision of early enteral nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Provision of enteral nutrition (EN) to critically ill patients early upon admission to the intensive care unit exerts a beneficial physiologic effect that downregulates systemic immune responses, reduces oxidative stress, and improves patient outcome. Adding specific pharmaconutrient agents to EN in certain patient populations has a synergistic effect, magnifying the degree of this favorable physiologic response. In contrast, failure to provide enteral nutrients creates a physiologic profile that exacerbates oxidative stress and increases the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Unfortunately, parenteral nutrition ...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: McClave SA, Heyland DK Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Enteral nutrition: a hard look at some soft evidence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Those who read the medical literature should understand the principles of evidence-based medicine. Even randomized trials can contain design or interpretative flaws that allow bias to produce, or exaggerate the size of, beneficial effects. Such problems beset the literature of enteral nutrition (EN). Investigators who have compared EN with parenteral nutrition (PN) have alleged that EN produces fewer adverse events, but such studies do not assess the absolute value of either therapy, and data exist suggesting that PN causes net harm. Trials comparing EN with no nutrition therapy have not yielded convincing evidence of ...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Koretz RL Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Enteral feeding misconnections: an update.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Enteral misconnections are defined as inadvertent connections between enteral feeding systems and nonenteral systems such as intravascular lines, peritoneal dialysis catheters, tracheostomy tube cuffs, medical gas tubing, and so on. Sentinel event data and causative factors are outlined along with potential solutions to prevent such medical errors. The solutions can be grouped into 3 areas: (1) education, awareness, and human factors; (2) purchasing strategies; and (3) design changes. Updates on safety innovations and programs are presented. PMID: 19483062 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Guenter P, Hicks RW, Simmons D Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Implementation of the enteral nutrition practice recommendations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In developing the evidence-based Enteral Nutrition Practice Recommendations, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) formed a task force to address the many aspects of safety in the delivery and provision of enteral nutrition support. This recently published document provides healthcare professionals with recommendations that are derived from evidence-based practice. The development and use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is a recent, significant contribution for the dissemination of evidence-based medicine. This involves the review of scientific literature along with clinical skil...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Brantley SL Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Enteral nutrition formulas: which formula is right for your adult patient?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the last few decades, there has been tremendous advancement in the area of enteral nutrition formulas. Enteral nutrition makes it possible to provide important substrates for those who cannot or will not meet daily requirements via oral intake but who have an intact digestive system. Numerous enteral nutrition formulas are currently available, with a large portion of them targeting specific disease conditions, thus making it a daunting task at times for a clinician to sort through all the possibilities and decide on the most appropriate formula. This review provides a close examination of various enteral formula cat...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Chen Y, Peterson SJ Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Overview of infant and pediatric formulas.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Because every child has individual needs, there are a variety of infant and pediatric formulas from which to choose. Not only are there several categories of formulas including milk protein-based, soy protein-based, hydrolyzed protein, and amino acid-based, but there are differences between products within each category. Research is being done in the area of formula design for the prevention or treatment of disease. In this article, the authors review types of formulas and their indications for use for infants and children, and review current literature on formula trends. PMID: 19483065 [PubMed - in process] (Sourc...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Joeckel RJ, Phillips SK Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Enteral nutrition support of the preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The delivery of a preterm baby is a nutrition emergency. Growth and the accumulation of nutrient reserves are higher during the third trimester of pregnancy than at any other time during the life cycle. Enteral nutrition is the preferred mode of support and human milk the preferred source of enteral nutrition. Human milk is highly digestible and contains many anti-infective components, which confer a lower risk of infection. The mother of a preterm infant requires education, equipment, and encouragement to successfully initiate and sustain lactation. Human milk requires nutrient fortification to meet the protein and mi...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Groh-Wargo S, Sapsford A Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Approach to enteral feeding in the PICU.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) environment poses unique challenges to achieving enteral nutrition (EN) goals for the critically ill child. Nutrition support in the PICU is often in conflict with the complexity of care provided to acutely ill children. A significant proportion of eligible patients do not receive optimal enteral nutrition for avoidable reasons. Early institution of EN is recommended and the gastric route is preferred because of ease of administration and reduced costs compared with the transpyloric route. In patients with poor gastric emptying or in cases where a trial of gastric feeding has fa...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mehta NM Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Systematic review of postdischarge oral nutritional supplementation in patients undergoing GI surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients who undergo GI surgery and receive nutritional supplements after discharge from hospital, little evidence of clinical benefit was found, principally through lack of robust data. All the studies were under-powered or not specifically designed to show benefit during this period. It is recommended that nutritional supplements be offered to malnourished patients or those at high risk of poor dietary intake at discharge from hospital. PMID: 19483068 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lidder PG, Lewis S, Duxbury M, Thomas S Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Senescent swallowing: impact, strategies, and interventions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The risk for disordered oropharyngeal swallowing (dysphagia) increases with age. Loss of swallowing function can have devastating health implications, including dehydration, malnutrition, pneumonia, and reduced quality of life. Age-related changes increase risk for dysphagia. First, natural, healthy aging takes its toll on head and neck anatomy and physiologic and neural mechanisms underpinning swallowing function. This progression of change contributes to alterations in the swallowing in healthy older adults and is termed presbyphagia, naturally diminishing functional reserve. Second, disease prevalence increases with...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ney DM, Weiss JM, Kind AJ, Robbins J Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Reduced incidence of aspiration with spoon-thick consistency in stroke patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a spoon-thick consistency reduced the risk of aspiration compared with the liquid consistency. Clinical assessment was useful to predict aspiration, although the probability of dysphagia in the presence of a negative clinical assessment (29%) is a reason for concern. PMID: 19483070 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 31, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Diniz PB, Vanin G, Xavier R, Parente MA Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Fish Oil Supplementation Lowers C-Reactive Protein Levels Independent of Triglyceride Reduction in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that consuming 960 mg/d of EPA and 600 mg/d of DHA can lower CRP. (Nutr Clin Pract. XXXX;xx:xx-xx). PMID: 19461006 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - May 20, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bowden RG, Wilson RL, Deike E, Gentile M Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

A Reduced Abbreviated Indirect Calorimetry Protocol Is Clinically Acceptable for Use in Spontaneously Breathing Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to assess whether reducing the timeframe for steady-state conditions to 2, 3, or 4 minutes when using indirect calorimetry was significantly different from the widely accepted 5-minute steady-state protocol in patients recovering from traumatic brain injury. Indirect calorimetry using an open-circuit calorimeter was used to measure resting energy expenditure in 20 spontaneously breathing patients with traumatic brain injury. Each patient underwent repeated measurements once per day at various stages of his or her recovery. Bland-Altman methods comparison was used for statistical analysis. In total, 124 mea...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 29, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: McEvoy C, Cooke SR, Young IS Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Issues in geriatric nutrition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19321891 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Chernoff R Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Micronutrients and older adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aging population worldwide is increasing. Although many older adults are living longer, healthier lives, aging is also associated with a variety of physiologic and psychological changes that influence nutrition status and the need for medical care. Many factors increase the risk for poor nutrient intake among older adults. Suboptimal micronutrient intake for particular vitamins and minerals is reported to be common. PMID: 19321892 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Marian M, Sacks G Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Home care for the elderly.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The increasing numbers of older (>65 years) Americans will increase the demand for home health services including support services (nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, durable medical equipment, and respiratory therapy), infusion therapies, palliative care, and hospice. The unique characteristics and specific needs of this population must be addressed to optimize patient outcomes. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition has established standards for clinicians providing nutrition support in the home and provides practice guidelines for nutrition support and geriatrics. Certification in...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fuhrman MP Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

The artificial nutrition debate: still an issue... After all these years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Debate over withdrawal or withholding of artificial nutrition appeared a distant discussion until the furor over the Schiavo case and a Papal Allocation reignited this ethical dilemma. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the bioethical opinion regarding artificial nutrition, as published in the Hastings Center Report from 1971 until 2007. A clinical and religious history of the evolution and use of artificial nutrition prefaces the review containing common themes and categories framed within a chronology of bioethical and legal events. Finally, an interpretative philosophical discussion is offered on ...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Monturo C Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Tube feeding in patients with dementia: where are we?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dementia is a common diagnosis and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States, the practice of medicine commonly dictated that dementia patients with dysphagia should receive a feeding tube. A review of the evidence in 1999 was completed to understand the validity of the premise of an improvement in a dementia patient's survival, quality of life, malnutrition, and comorbid diseases with tube feeding. The available literature reviewed was sparse. The retrospective and prospective observational studies noted no improvement in the above-mentioned outcomes in dementia patients with the use of tu...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Delegge MH Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Anemia after bariatric surgery: more than just iron deficiency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity is rapidly gaining popularity. Restrictive and/or malabsorptive surgical interventions result in dramatic weight loss with significantly decreased obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Anemia, which may affect as many as two-thirds of these patients, is of concern and generally thought to be caused by iron deficiency. Although iron deficiency in this population may be frequent given pouch hypoacidity, defunctionalized small bowel, and red meat intolerance, it may not account for all anemias seen. First, there is increasing evidence that obesity creates a state of chronic inflamma...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: von Drygalski A, Andris DA Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Probiotics for preventive health.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gut flora and probiotics have potential to affect health and disease far beyond the gut. There is increasing evidence that probiotics have beneficial effects in preventing a wide range of conditions and improving health. Randomized, double-blind studies have provided evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics for preventing various diarrheal illnesses as well as allergic disorders. Evidence for their efficacy for use in the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections is also mounting. In addition, probiotics may be useful for preventing respiratory infections, dental caries, necrotizin...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Minocha A Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Nutrition support after neonatal cardiac surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the importance of nutrition and metabolic support for the neonate undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and the immediate postoperative nutrition needs of such a patient. Also, this article uses a case study to examine the feeding methodology used at one particular institution after neonatal cardiac surgery. The purpose of the case study is to provide an illustration of the many factors and obstacles that clinicians often face in the provision and timing of nutrition support. PMID: 19321898 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Owens JL, Musa N Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Chemopreventive role of fruits and vegetables in oropharyngeal cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oropharyngeal cancer is associated with lifestyle factors, including tobacco use, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption. Oropharyngeal cancers are one of the 10 most common types of cancers worldwide, and it is estimated that oropharyngeal cancers will have affected 30,990 men and women in the United States with a total of 7430 deaths in 2008. The National Cancer Institute defines chemoprevention as "the use of drugs, vitamins, or other agents to try to reduce the risk of, or delay the development or reccurrence of, cancer." Chemopreventive agents such as antioxidants are derived from dietary sources, including fruit...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Davidson PG, Touger-Decker R Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Methods for the assessment of gastric emptying in critically ill, enterally fed adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Critically ill patients may experience delayed gastric emptying. Patients receiving enteral feeding are monitored closely to detect a delay of gastric emptying, assess feeding tolerance, and prevent aspiration pneumonia. The most common practice for assessing gastric emptying is to measure the aspirated gastric residual volume; however, this is an unreliable method that lacks standardization, fails to differentiate normal digestive secretions from enteral formula, and results in unnecessary interruptions of enteral nutrition. The aim of this review is to identify an alternative method to assess gastric emptying, which ...
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Moreira TV, McQuiggan M Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

Comparison of tools for nutrition assessment and screening for predicting the development of complications in orthopedic surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Age and ASA physical status are risk factors for malnutrition. In patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, NRS 2002 predicted development of complications better than the SGA. Malnutrition also increased length of hospital stay. PMID: 19321901 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ozkalkanli MY, Ozkalkanli DT, Katircioglu K, Savaci S Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals

The "cut and push" method of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal in adult patients: the ipswich experience.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Follow-up data provide further evidence that the "cut and push" method is a safe and cost-effective method for removing 15 Fr PEG tubes in adult patients and that an abdominal radiograph is not routinely required. PMID: 19321902 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice)
Source: Nutrition in Clinical Practice - April 1, 2009 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kejariwal D, Bromley D, Miao Y Tags: Nutr Clin Pract Source Type: journals