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907 records returned

Body Perception and Satisfaction in Obese, Severely Obese, and Normal Weight Female Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate body perception and the associated level of dissatisfaction among obese patients. Twenty patients from each category of obese, severely obese, and normal weight individuals had their pictures enlarged or thinned using a computer program to manipulate photographs taken from the front, profile angle, and back. The pictures were shown to patients to represent both the way they thought they appeared and the way they would like to appear. Our results show that severely obese patients correctly perceived themselves as being more corpulent than obese patients, who in turn correctly p...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Docteur A, Urdapilleta I, Defrance C, Raison J Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Practices, and Perceived Barriers to the Treatment and Prevention of Childhood Obesity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, there is much room to improve PCPs' knowledge of obesity and AAP guidelines. Although PCPs rate fast-food consumption, TV viewing, and lack of exercise as important treatment barriers, many never discussed these topics during the first year. PMID: 19910934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Spivack JG, Swietlik M, Alessandrini E, Faith MS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Obesity in China: The Differential Impacts of Covariates Along the BMI Distribution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study proposes that such relationships are likely to differ along the conditional BMI distribution, and seeks to investigate such quantile-dependent variation in effects. Special attention is paid to how variables affect the upper tail of the conditional BMI distribution where overweight and obesity concerns are more acute. Quantile regressions (QRs) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are estimated. The sample consists of 3,407 adult individuals aged 20-45 who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 2006. Substantial cross quantile variation is observed in the relationships between seve...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Shankar B Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Genetic Effects on Postprandial Variations of Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Individuals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Circulating levels of inflammatory markers predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), mediated perhaps in part by dietary fat intake, through mechanisms only partially understood. To evaluate post-fat load changes in inflammatory markers and genetic influences on these changes, we administered a standardized high-fat meal to 838 related Amish subjects as part of the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study and measured a panel of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 (MMP-1 and MMP-9), and white blood cell (WBC) cou...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Cheng YC, Kao WH, Mitchell BD, Sharrett AR, Ryan KA, Vogel RA, Shuldiner AR, Pollin TI Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Pioglitazone Increases the Proportion of Small Cells in Human Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rodent and in vitro studies suggest that thiazolidinediones promote adipogenesis but there are few studies in humans to corroborate these findings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pioglitazone stimulates adipogenesis in vivo and whether this process relates to improved insulin sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, 12 overweight/obese nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals underwent biopsy of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at baseline and after 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment. Cell size distribution was determined via the Multisizer technique. Insulin sensitivity was quantified at baseli...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: McLaughlin TM, Liu T, Yee G, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Reaven G, Tsao P, Cushman S, Sherman A Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Novel Obesity Risk Loci Do Not Determine Distribution of Body Fat Depots: A Whole-body MRI/MRS study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies has identified six new risk-loci for common obesity. We studied whether these risk loci influence the distribution of body fat depots. We genotyped 1,469 nondiabetic subjects for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) TMEM18 rs6548238, KCTD15 rs11084753, GNPDA2 rs10938397, SH2B1 rs7498665, MTCH2 rs10838738, and NEGR1 rs2815752. We assessed BMI, waist circumference, total body fat, and lean body mass (bioimpedance). All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for estimation of insulin sensitivity. In 332 subjects, we measured total adipose ti...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Haupt A, Thamer C, Heni M, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Staiger H Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Decreased Npc1 Gene Dosage in Mice Is Associated With Weight Gain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A recent genome-wide association study has determined that the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) gene is associated with early-onset and morbid adult obesity. However, what effects of the nonsynonymous variation in NPC1 on protein function result in weight gain remains unknown. The NPC1 heterozygous mouse model (Npc1(+/-)), which expresses one-half the normal amounts of functional Npc1 protein compared to the homozygous normal (Npc1(+/+)) mouse, was used to determine whether decreased Npc1 gene dosage was associated with weight gain when fed either a low-fat (10% kcal fat) or high-fat (45% kcal fat) diet beginning at 4 weeks of a...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Jelinek D, Heidenreich RA, Erickson RP, Garver WS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Measurement Site and the Association Between Visceral and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Metabolic Risk in Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and metabolic risk may be influenced by measurement site. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of the associations between VAT and ASAT, as assessed by a cross-sectional image (area) or total volume, and prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS). We also examined the association between changes in abdominal AT area and volume with concomitant changes in metabolic risk. Abdominal AT volume and areas were derived using ~35 continuous computed tomography (CT) images from T10-T11 to L5-S1 in overweight or obese po...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Kuk JL, Church TS, Blair SN, Ross R Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Fine-mapping of Obesity-related Quantitative Trait Loci in an F(9/10) Advanced Intercross Line.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we fine-map QTLs first identified in the F(2) and F(2/3) populations in the combined F(9/10) advanced intercross generations. We observed significantly narrowed QTL confidence regions, identified many single QTL that resolve into multiple QTL peaks, and identified new QTLs that may have been previously masked due to opposite gene effects at closely linked loci. We also present further characterization of the pleiotropic and epistatic interactions underlying these obesity-related traits. PMID: 19910941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Fawcett GL, Jarvis JP, Roseman CC, Wang B, Wolf JB, Cheverud JM Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Walnut Consumption Increases Satiation but Has No Effect on Insulin Resistance or the Metabolic Profile Over a 4-day Period.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity and diabetes have been associated with increased consumption of highly processed foods, and reduced consumption of whole grains and nuts. It has been proposed, mainly on the basis of observational studies, that nuts may provide superior satiation, may lead to reduced calorie consumption, and may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes; but evidence from randomized, interventional studies is lacking. A total of 20 men and women with the metabolic syndrome participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of walnut consumption. Subjects had two 4-day admissions to the clinical research center where they we...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Brennan AM, Sweeney LL, Liu X, Mantzoros CS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Impact of 6-month Caloric Restriction on Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Healthy, Overweight, Individuals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximum lifespan but the mechanisms are unclear. Dominance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) over the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) has been shown to be a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity and aging are associated with increased SNS activity, and weight loss and/or exercise seem to have positive effects on this balance. We therefore evaluated the effect of different approaches of CR on autonomic function in 28 overweight individuals participating in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial. Partic...
Source: Obesity - November 12, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: de Jonge L, Moreira EA, Martin CK, Ravussin E, Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of CD36 Locus and Obesity in European Adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CD36 is a membrane receptor with a wide variety of functions, including the regulation of energy metabolism, fat storage, and adipocyte differentiation. To assess the relationship between CD36 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in adolescents, we evaluated the relationship between CD36 SNPs and the risk of obesity in a case-control study composed of 307 obese (age = 15.0 +/- 1.1 years) and 339 normal-weight adolescents (age = 14.6 +/- 1.1 years). To validate the results, we assessed the relation between the same SNPs and percentage of body fat (BF%) and BMI in 1,151 European adolescents (age = 14....
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Bokor S, Legry V, Meirhaeghe A, Ruiz JR, Mauro B, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Amouyel P, Moreno LA, Molnàr D, Dallongeville J, Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Sex Differences in Regional Body Fat Distribution From Pre- to Postpuberty.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to determine the timing and magnitude of sex differences in regional adiposity from early childhood to young adulthood. Regional fat distribution was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (trunk and extremity fat using automatic default regions and waist and hip fat using manual analysis) in 1,009 predominantly white participants aged 5-29 years. Subjects were divided into pre (Tanner stage 1), early (Tanner stages 2-3), late (Tanner stages 4-5), and post (males >/=20 years and females >/=18 years) pubertal groups. Sexual dimorphism in trunk fat (adjusted for extremity fat) w...
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Taylor RW, Grant AM, Williams SM, Goulding A Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Early Detrimental Metabolic Outcomes of rs17300539-A Allele of ADIPOQ Gene Despite Higher Adiponectinemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Minor allele A of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 11391 G/A of ADIPOQ gene (rs17300539) has been consistently associated with higher adiponectin levels in adults and children. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic role of this variant in a large cohort of children of European origin. A total of 1,852 children from two general populations in Verona and in Fleurbaix-Laventie and from the Lille childhood obesity cohort, were genotyped and pooled together after checking for the absence of genetic heterogeneity for rs17300539 between Italian and French children. The genotype of rs17300539 was studied i...
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Morandi A, Maffeis C, Lobbens S, Bouatia-Naji N, Heude B, Pinelli L, Meyre D, Froguel P Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Obesity and Functional Impairment: Influence of Comorbidity, Joint Pain, and Mental Health.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, functional impairment is associated with obesity, primarily due to medical comorbidity conditions. The significant residual association highlights the importance of sustainable obesity prevention and treatment at both the individual and public level as functional impairment can create burdens at individual, familial, and societal levels. PMID: 19893503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Heo M, Pietrobelli A, Wang D, Heymsfield SB, Faith MS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

The Cost-effectiveness of Australia's Active After-school Communities Program.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to assess from a societal perspective the cost-effectiveness of the Active After-school Communities (AASC) program, a key plank of the former Australian Government's obesity prevention program. The intervention was modeled for a 1-year time horizon for Australian primary school children as part of the Assessing Cost-Effectiveness in Obesity (ACE-Obesity) project. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) benefits (based on calculated effects on BMI post-intervention) and cost-offsets (consequent savings from reductions in obesity-related diseases) were tracked until the cohort reached the age of ...
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Moodie ML, Carter RC, Swinburn BA, Haby MM Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

The Chronic Effects of Whey Proteins on Blood Pressure, Vascular Function, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight Individuals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the effects of whey protein supplementation on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers compared to casein and glucose (control) supplementation in overweight/obese individuals. The subjects were randomized to either whey protein, casein or glucose supplementation for 12 weeks according to a parallel design. In all, 70 men and women with a mean (+/-s.e.m.) BMI (kg/m(2)) of 31.3 +/- 0.8 completed the study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at week 6 compared to baseline in the whey and casein groups, (P = 0.028 and P = 0.020, respectively) and at week 12 (P = 0.020...
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Pal S, Ellis V Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Association of RBP4 Gene Variants and Serum HDL Cholesterol Levels in the Newfoundland Population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a novel adipokine that likely contributes to systemic insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The role of genetic variations in RBP4 on phenotypes of glucose and lipid metabolism is not clear in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RBP4 gene to determine their relationship with markers of insulin resistance and serum lipids in the CODING Study. The CODING Study consists of 1,836 subjects recruited from the genetically homogeneous population of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Serum glucose, insulin, homeostasis model ...
Source: Obesity - November 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Shea JL, Loredo-Osti JC, Sun G Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Omentectomy, visceral fat, and insulin resistance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19859056 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Evans JM Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Genetic Variation in the FAAH Gene and Metabolic Syndrome-related Phenotypes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19859057 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Burgueño AL, Sookoian S, Gianotti TF, Gemma C, Pirola CJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Copper deficiency after gastric bypass surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19859058 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Response to "obesity and treadmill exercise duration in hazmat candidates".Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19859059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Kales SN, Tsismenakis AJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Corrigendum: Weight loss of Black, White and Hispanic Men and Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19859060 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: West DS, Prewitt TE, Bursac Z, Felix HC Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Linkage and Genome-wide Association Analysis of Obesity-related Phenotypes: Association of Weight With the MGAT1 Gene.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
amstaller P, Oostra BA, Wright AF, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Gyllensten U, As major risk-factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits has been of interest for decades. Recently, a limited number of common genetic variants, which have replicated in different populations, have been identified. One approach to increase the statistical power in genetic mapping studies is to focus on populations with increased levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and reduced genetic diversity. We have performed joint linkage and genome-wide association analyses for weight and BMI i...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Johansson A, Marroni F, Hayward C, Franklin CS, Kirichenko AV, Jonasson I, Hicks AA, Vitart V, Isaacs A, Axenovich T, Campbell S, Floyd J, Hastie N, Knott S, Lauc G, Pichler I, Rotim K, Wild SH, Zorkoltseva IV, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Campbell H, Pattaro C, P Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Weight Status Continuity and Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Examining Disease and Health Risk Conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined weight status during adolescence and young adulthood, and young adult health condition diagnosis. Data are from 10,439 African-American, Hispanic, and white men and women participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health during Waves 1 (adolescence: ages 12-19) and 3 (young adulthood: ages 19-26). Categories were created differentiating individuals based on their weight status during adolescence and young adulthood: (i) obese during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e., continuously obese), (ii) obese during adolescence only, (iii) obese during young adulthood only, and (iv) never o...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Merten MJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and the Risk of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Obese Children and Adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A timely diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is desirable in obesity. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the gold standard to diagnose this condition, may not be realistically performed in all patients due to discomfort, labor, and cost. The aim of this study was to assess whether one or more biochemical indexes measured in fasting conditions could be used to identify obese children at risk of IGT. A cohort of 563 white obese children and adolescents (M/F: 315/248; aged 4-17 years) was recruited and underwent anthropometric evaluation and OGTT. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fas...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Claudio M, Leonardo P, Paolo B, Claudia B, Laura V, Daniela U, Stefania DC, Bruna C, Anita M Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Identifying Metabolically Healthy but Obese Individuals in Sedentary Postmenopausal Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the present study shows variations in body composition and metabolic profile based on the methods studied to define the MHO phenotype. Therefore, an expert consensus may be needed to standardize the identification of MHO individuals. PMID: 19851302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Messier V, Karelis AD, Prud'homme D, Primeau V, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Regulatory SNP in the RBP4 Gene Modified the Expression in Adipocytes and Associated With BMI.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine that was involved in insulin resistance. RBP4 is predominantly expressed from the liver in normal metabolic state to transport retinoids throughout the body, but the exact physiological function and the regulatory mechanisms of adipocyte-derived RBP4 have not been revealed. We conducted the genetic analysis about metabolic parameters in Japanese and Mongolian; the minor allele carriers of regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -803G>A) showed significantly higher BMI in Japanese men (P = 0.009) and women (P = 0.017), and in Mongolian women (...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Munkhtulga L, Nagashima S, Nakayama K, Utsumi N, Yanagisawa Y, Gotoh T, Omi T, Kumada M, Zolzaya K, Lkhagvasuren T, Kagawa Y, Fujiwara H, Hosoya Y, Hyodo M, Horie H, Kojima M, Ishibashi S, Iwamoto S Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Traditional Anthropometric Parameters Still Predict Metabolic Disorders in Women With Severe Obesity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is well established that fat distribution rather than the total quantity of fat is the major determinant of cardiovascular risk in overweight subjects. However, it is not known whether the concept of fat distribution still makes sense in severely obese subjects. Particularly, the role of visceral fat accumulation and/or of adipocyte hypertrophy in insulin resistance (IR) has not been studied in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the determinants of metabolic disorders in severely obese women. We performed a cross-sectional study in 237 severely obese women (BMI >35 kg/m(2)). We asses...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Ledoux S, Coupaye M, Essig M, Msika S, Roy C, Queguiner I, Clerici C, Larger E Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

The Desire to Eat in the Presence of Obese or Normal-weight Eaters as a Function of Their Emotional Facial Expression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the eating desire would be lower in the presence of facial expression of an obese than of a normal-weight eater in participants who were or not themselves obese. Normal-weight and obese participants assessed their desire to eat liked and disliked foods. These foods were presented alone and with a normal-weight and obese eater expressing pleasure, disgust, or neutrality. Results showed that, compared with a normal-weight eater, perceiving an obese eater decreased the viewer's desire to eat, whatever his/her facial expression. Thus, pleasant faces of normal weight but not ...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Barthomeuf L, Rousset S, Droit-Volet S Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Hypolipidemic Effect of Fenugreek Seeds Is Mediated Through Inhibition of Fat Accumulation and Upregulation of LDL Receptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, hypolipidemic effect of a novel thermostable extract of fenugreek seeds (TEFS) was evaluated in vitro by employing differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, and HepG2 cells cultured in normal or sterol-enriched conditions. Hypolipidemic effect was studied by quantifying decrease in accumulation of fat or by western blot analysis of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. At molecular level, TEFS inhibited accumulation of fat in differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells via decreased expression of adipogenic factors such as peroxisome proliferators activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), sterol regulato...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Vijayakumar MV, Pandey V, Mishra GC, Bhat MK Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

The Imprinted Gene Neuronatin Is Regulated by Metabolic Status and Associated With Obesity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using restriction fragment differential display (RFDD) technology, we have identified the imprinted gene neuronatin (Nnat) as a hypothalamic target under the influence of leptin. Nnat mRNA expression is decreased in several key appetite regulatory hypothalamic nuclei in rodents with impaired leptin signaling and during fasting conditions. Furthermore, peripheral administration of leptin to ob/ob mice normalizes hypothalamic Nnat expression. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of human and rat hypothalami demonstrates that NNAT protein is present in anatomically equivalent nuclei, suggesting human physiological rel...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Vrang N, Meyre D, Froguel P, Jelsing J, Tang-Christensen M, Vatin V, Mikkelsen JD, Thirstrup K, Larsen LK, Cullberg KB, Fahrenkrug J, Jacobson P, Sjöström L, Carlsson LM, Liu Y, Liu X, Deng HW, Larsen PJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Accumulation of Intra-abdominal Fat During Adolescence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In industrialized countries, prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) is the most common environmental insult to the fetus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PEMCS amplifies accumulation of abdominal fat during the accelerated weight gain occurring in late puberty. This hypothesis was tested in 508 adolescents (12-18 years, 237 exposed prenatally to maternal cigarette smoking) in whom subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat were quantified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that, in early puberty, exposed and nonexposed adolescents did not differ in MRI-based measures of adiposity. In late pu...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Mahboubi A, Leonard GT, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Gaudet D, Paus T, Pausova Z Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Genetic Epidemiology of BMI and Body Mass Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The complex interplay between genes and environment affecting body mass gain over lifecycle periods of risk is not well understood. We use longitudinal sibling cohort data to examine the role of shared household environment, additive genetic, and shared genetic effects on BMI and BMI change. In the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, siblings and twin pairs sharing households for >/=10 years as adolescents (N = 5,524; mean = 16.5 +/- 1.7 years) were followed into young adulthood (N = 4,368; mean = 22.4 +/- 1.8 years). Using a variance component approach, we quantified genetic and household effects on B...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: North KE, Graff M, Adair LS, Lange EM, Lange LA, Guo G, Gordon-Larsen P Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Lesion Involvement in the Sympathetic Control of Lipid Mobilization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal initiator of lipolysis. Using pseudorabies virus, a transneuronal viral tract tracer, brain sites involved in the SNS outflow to WAT have been identified previously by us. One of these sites, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) that shows predominantly unilateral sympathetic outflow from each half of the nucleus to ipsilaterally located WAT depots, was tested for laterality in lipid accumulation/mobilization in Siberian hamsters. First we tested whether unilateral PVH electrolytic lesions (PVHx) would increase lip...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Foster MT, Song CK, Bartness TJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Validation of Computed Tomographic Estimates of Intra-abdominal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Rats and Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We characterized the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of computed tomographic (CT) estimates of intra-abdominal (IA) and subcutaneous (S) adipose tissue (AT) in rats and mice using the Aloka rodent CT. Here, we present the first comparisons of CT estimates of the weights of AT samples ex vivo to balance weights of the same samples, of CT estimates of AT weights in vivo to the weights of resected whole-body AT, and of CT estimates of the weights of pieces of AT inserted IA or S in vivo to the weights of the same pieces ex vivo. CT underestimated AT weight ex vivo by ~10%, and correction of the automated categoriza...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Hillebrand JJ, Langhans W, Geary N Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Breast Volume is an Independent Predictor of Visceral and Ectopic Fat in Premenopausal Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is suggested that a large breast size among women may predict type 2 diabetes risk independent of BMI and waist circumference (WC). The purpose of this study was to determine the independent associations of breast volume with cardiometabolic risk factors and regional fat distribution. A total of 92 overweight or obese premenopausal women (age = 39.9 +/- 6.8 years) underwent full-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of breast volume, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and lower-body subcutaneous AT (SAT), and intermuscular AT (IMAT), a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and fasting phle...
Source: Obesity - October 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Janiszewski PM, Saunders TJ, Ross R Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Release of 12 Adipokines by Adipose Tissue, Nonfat Cells, and Fat Cells From Obese Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relative release in vitro of endothelin-1, zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG), lipocalin-2, CD14, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted protein), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP-4), visfatin/PBEF/Nampt, glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and amyloid A was examined using explants of human adipose tissue as well as the nonfat cell fractions and adipocytes from obese women. Over a 48-h incubation the majority of the release of LPL was by fat cells whereas that of lipocalin-2, RANTES, and ICAM...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Fain JN, Tagele BM, Cheema P, Madan AK, Tichansky DS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Weight Loss Through Gastric Banding: Effects on TSH and Thyroid Hormones in Obese Subjects With Normal Thyroid Function.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Studies on thyroid function in obesity yielded inconsistent results; high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were generally shown; high free triiodothyronine (fT)-3 or fT4 levels were described in some, but not in other studies. After weight loss, TSH and thyroid hormones have been described to either increase or decrease. Our aim was to describe TSH, fT3, and fT4 in obese subjects with normal thyroid function before and after durable and significant weight loss, obtained through laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB), in comparison with nonobese subjects. TSH, fT3, fT4, and fT3/fT4 ratio (an index of D1 and D2 deio...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Dall'asta C, Paganelli M, Morabito A, Vedani P, Barbieri M, Paolisso G, Folli F, Pontiroli AE Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Measuring Weight Self-stigma: The Weight Self-stigma Questionnaire.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents the weight self-stigma questionnaire (WSSQ). The WSSQ has 12 items and is designed for use only with populations of overweight or obese persons. Two samples of participants-one treatment seeking, one nontreatment seeking-were used for validation (N = 169). Results indicate that the WSSQ has good reliability and validity, and contains two distinct subscales-self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma. The WSSQ could be useful for identifying individuals who may benefit from a stigma reduction intervention and may also help evaluate programs designed to reduce stigma. PMID: 19834462 [PubMed - as suppl...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Lillis J, Luoma JB, Levin ME, Hayes SC Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Comparison of Fat-Water MRI and Single-voxel MRS in the Assessment of Hepatic and Pancreatic Fat Fractions in Humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article prospectively compares three-dimensional (3D) IDEAL-MRI and single-voxel MRS in the assessment of hepatic (HFF) and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) in 16 healthy subjects. MRS acquisitions took 3-4 min to complete whereas IDEAL acquisitions were completed in 20-s breath-holds. In the liver, there was a strong correlation (slope = 0.90, r(2) = 0.95, P < 0.001) between IDEAL and MRS-based fat fractions. In the pancreas, a poorer agreement between IDEAL and MRS was observed (slope = 0.32, r(2) = 0.51, P < 0.02). The discrepancy of PFF is likely explained by MRS signal contamination from surrounding visceral f...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Hu HH, Kim HW, Nayak KS, Goran MI Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Dynamics of Change in Total and Regional Body Composition After Gastric Bypass in Obese Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, follow-up of these obese women revealed a differential pattern of change in FM and LBM after RYGB. Despite an important loss in LBM, especially during the 3-6 months of initial period, LBM appears to be spared thereafter. PMID: 19834464 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Ciangura C, Bouillot JL, Lloret-Linares C, Poitou C, Veyrie N, Basdevant A, Oppert JM Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Accuracy of Self-reported Weight and Height in Binge Eating Disorder: Misreport Is Not Related to Psychological Factors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the degree of misreport in weight, height, and BMI among overweight adults (n = 392) with binge eating disorder (BED) and tested whether the degree of misreport was associated with eating disorder psychopathology and psychological variables. Male (n = 97) and female (n = 295) participants self-reported height and weight, and were subsequently measured by clinic staff. Participants also completed a series of diagnostic interviews and self-report assessments. Discrepancies between self-reported and measured values were modest. The degree of misreport for weight, height, and BMI was not related to eating d...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: White MA, Masheb RM, Grilo CM Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Lifestyle Intervention Favorably Affects Weight Loss and Maintenance Following Obesity Surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was designed to evaluate the 3 year effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight loss and maintenance, dietary, and physical activity habits and eating behavior of patients following vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG). Thirty severely obese female volunteers were included in the study and they were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: usual care (UC) or lifestyle intervention (LS) group. Patients were followed for 3 years postoperatively. Outcome measures included weight loss, dietary habits, physical activity level (PAL), and eating behavior changes. Weight was significantly lower in...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Papalazarou A, Yannakoulia M, Kavouras SA, Komesidou V, Dimitriadis G, Papakonstantinou A, Sidossis LS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Effects of Exercise on Mobility in Obese and Nonobese Older Adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Coupled with an aging society, the rising obesity prevalence is likely to increase the future burden of physical disability. We set out to determine whether obesity modified the effects of a physical activity (PA) intervention designed to prevent mobility disability in older adults. Older adults at risk for disability (N = 424, age range: 70-88 years) were randomized to a 12 month PA intervention involving moderate intensity aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercise (150 min per week) or a successful aging (SA) intervention involving weekly educational workshops. Individuals were stratified by obesity using...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Manini TM, Newman AB, Fielding R, Blair SN, Perri MG, Anton SD, Goodpaster BC, Katula JA, Rejeski WJ, Kritchevsky SB, Hsu FC, Pahor M, Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Early Postnatal BMI Adaptation Is Regulated During a Fixed Time Period and Mainly Depends on Maternal BMI.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, we investigated whether there are critical time periods which influence the course of BMI during the first 6 years of life. From 5,433 children who participated in preschool examinations those 212 children were selected who crossed the BMI percentiles as a result of an extreme postnatal BMI rise (from <10th to 90th percentile) or fall (from >90th to <10th percentile) or who have persistently low or high BMI both at birth and at the age of 6 years. Forty children with a BMI close to the 50th percentile both at birth and age 6 years were selected to serve as controls. The courses of weight ...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Brune BC, Gerlach MK, Seewald MJ, Brune TG Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

HDL-paraoxonase and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation: A Comparison Between Healthy and Obese Subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the decrease of HDL-PON activity and the lower HDL protective action against membrane peroxidation in obese patients could contribute to accelerate the cellular oxidative damage and arteriosclerosis in obesity. PMID: 19834469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Masciangelo S, Bicchiega V Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Postprandial Vascular Reactivity in Obese and Normal Weight Young Adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the vascular responses to a high-fat meal are similar in obese and normal weight young adults. An exaggerated alteration in postprandial vascular reactivity is thus unlikely to contribute importantly to the increased cardiovascular risk of obesity. PMID: 19834470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Ayer JG, Harmer JA, Steinbeck K, Celermajer DS Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

Induction of Uncoupling Protein-1 in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast-derived Adipocytes by Retinoic Acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is the molecular effector of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, a process in which there is a renewed interest after the recent recognition of its relevance in adult humans. Typical white adipocytes do not express UCP1. We investigated the capacity of retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A and a known positive regulator of UCP1 gene transcription in brown adipocytes, to stimulate UCP1 expression in adipocytes differentiated in culture from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which are commonly used as white adipocyte model cells. Exposure to all-trans RA (ATRA)...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Mercader J, Palou A, Luisa Bonet M Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals

In Central Obesity, Weight Loss Restores Platelet Sensitivity to Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Central obesity shows impaired platelet responses to the antiaggregating effects of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, and their effectors-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The influence of weight loss on these alterations is not known. To evaluate whether a diet-induced body-weight reduction restores platelet sensitivity to the physiological antiaggregating agents and reduces platelet activation in subjects affected by central obesity, we studied 20 centrally obese subjects before and after a 6-month diet intervention aiming at reducing body weight by 10%, by me...
Source: Obesity - October 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Russo I, Traversa M, Bonomo K, De Salve A, Mattiello L, Del Mese P, Doronzo G, Cavalot F, Trovati M, Anfossi G Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: journals