Obesity ReviewsThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Obesity is a sign – over-eating is a symptom: an aetiological framework for the assessment and management of obesityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat and can be conceptualized as the physical manifestation of chronic energy excess. Using the analogy of oedema, the consequence of positive fluid balance or fluid retention, obesity can be seen as the consequence of positive energy balance or calorie 'retention'. Just as the assessment of oedema requires a comprehensive assessment of factors related to fluid balance, the assessment of obesity requires a systematic assessment of factors potentially affecting energy intake, metabolism and expenditure. Rather than just identifying and describing a behaviour ('this...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 18, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. M. Sharma, R. Padwal Source Type: journals

Efficacy and safety of anti-obesity drugs in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to summarize the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs in reducing BMI and improving health in children and adolescents. Data sources included Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and other registers of controlled trials, together with reference lists of identified articles. All data sources were searched from January 1996 to July 2008. We searched for double blind randomized placebo controlled trials of approved anti-obesity drugs used in children and adolescents (age (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 17, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: R. M. Viner, Y. Hsia, T. Tomsic, I. C. K. Wong Source Type: journals

Obesity, intentional weight loss and physical disability in older adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examine obesity, intentional weight loss and physical disability in older adults. Based on prospective epidemiological studies, body mass index exhibits a curvilinear relationship with physical disability; there appears to be some protective effect associated with older adults being overweight. Whereas the greatest risk for physical disability occurs in older adults who are [ge]class II obesity, the effects of obesity on physical disability appears to be moderated by both sex and race. Obesity at age 30 years constitutes a greater risk for disability later in life than when obesity develops at age 50 years or later; how...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 17, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: W. J. Rejeski, A. P. Marsh, E. Chmelo, J. J. Rejeski Source Type: journals

The physical activity, stress and metabolic syndrome triangle: a guide to unfamiliar territory for the obesity researcherEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research aimed at deciphering the aetiology of obesity and the metabolic syndrome remains focused on two behavioural factors, namely diet and physical activity, even though epidemiologic research suggests that these two cornerstones of treatment and prevention account for only a small-to-moderate portion of the variance in these phenotypes. In recent years, this observation has prompted the intensified investigation of the pathogenic potential of factors that extend beyond the traditional concept of energy imbalance and examine the putative causes of this imbalance. Psychosocial stress has emerged as one such factor, raisi...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 6, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. E. Holmes, P. Ekkekakis, J. C. Eisenmann Source Type: journals

A systematic review of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intakes associated with weight gain and overweight/obesity conducted among European adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This Review examined socioeconomic inequalities in intakes of dietary factors associated with weight gain, overweight/obesity among adults in Europe. Literature searches of studies published between 1990 and 2007 examining socioeconomic position (SEP) and the consumption of energy, fat, fibre, fruit, vegetables, energy-rich drinks and meal patterns were conducted. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The direction of associations between SEP and energy intakes were inconsistent. Approximately half the associations examined between SEP and fat intakes showed higher total fat intakes among socioeconomically disad...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 4, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: K. Giskes, M. Avendaňo, J. Brug, A. E. Kunst Source Type: journals

Weight loss interventions in young people (18 to 25 year olds): a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This systematic review assesses weight loss interventions in young adults (18[ndash]25 years), who are vulnerable to weight gain. This age group experience critical life course points (leaving home for higher studies or job, pregnancy, cohabitation) and develop/establish lifestyle and behavioural patterns making this an opportune intervention period. Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library were searched (1980 to March 2008). All trials and cohort studies with control groups that assessed weight loss interventions in this specific age group were included finally identifying 14 studies. Before and after compa...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. S. Poobalan, L. S. Aucott, E. Precious, I. K. Crombie, W. C. S. Smith Source Type: journals

Viral obesity: fact or fiction?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial. An understanding of the contributions of various causal factors is essential for the proper management of obesity. Although it is primarily thought of as a condition brought on by lifestyle choices, recent evidence shows there is a link between obesity and viral infections. Numerous animal models have documented an increased body weight and a number of physiologic changes, including increased insulin sensitivity, increased glucose uptake and decreased leptin secretion that contribute to an increase in body fat in adenovirus-36 infection. Other viral agents associated with increas...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. K. Mitra, K. Clarke Source Type: journals

Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of obesity among Finnish adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated changes in the prevalence of obesity among Finnish adults (aged [ge]30 years) during a 20-year period. Data were derived from two cross-sectional nationally representative surveys (n = 13 844) in 1978[ndash]1980 and 2000[ndash]2001. Weight and height were measured using a standardized protocol. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) [ge] 30 kg m[minus]2. Cut-offs of BMI [ge] 35 kg m[minus]2 and BMI [ge] 40 kg m[minus]2 were also used. A 20-year difference in the prevalence of obesity was from 11.3% to 20.7% in men and from 17.9% to 24.1% in women. In 1978[ndash]1980, 1.1% of men and 3.8% of women had ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Lahti-Koski, E. Seppänen-Nuijten, S. Männistö, T. Härkänen, H. Rissanen, P. Knekt, A. Rissanen, M. Heliövaara Source Type: journals

Screening for body-weight disorders in Nigerian children using contrasting definitionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several indices for body-weight disorders exist in scientific literature, but it is inconclusive whether or not they can yield comparable results when applied to Nigerian children. The prevalence of weight disorders in Nigerian children was examined using the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) body mass index (BMI) for age charts and the International Obesity Task Force's (IOTF) age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points. Participants were 2015 pupils (979 boys and 1036 girls) aged 9[ndash]12 years, attending 19 public primary schools in Makurdi, Nigeria. Stature and body mass were measured using standard techni...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: D. T. Goon, A. L. Toriola, B. S. Shaw Source Type: journals

How active are American adolescents and have they become less active?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined findings from the nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Surveys during 1991[ndash]2007, and fit regression models estimating average annual changes and tested time trends, and age, gender and ethnic differences. US adolescents had less PA but more sedentary behaviours than recommended, but showed no clear evidence of becoming less active. In 2007, 24.9% reported on average spending [ge]3 h of screen time per day for non-school work; only 34.7% met the current PA recommendations, and it (25.6%) was even lower in girls. The prevalence of having sufficient vigorous PA changed little between 19...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: S. Li, M. S. Treuth, Y. Wang Source Type: journals

Contribution of animal models to the understanding of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic overviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important challenges to public health and biomedical research. Animal models of MetS, such as leptin-deficient obese mice, obese spontaneously hypertensive rats, JCR: LA-cp rats and the Ossabaw and Göttingen minipigs, have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological basis and the development of novel therapies. For a complex disease syndrome, no animal model can be expected to serve all needs of research. Although each animal model has limitations and strengths, used together in a complementary fashion, they are essential for research on the MetS and for rapi...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 20, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: O. Varga, M. Harangi, I. A. S. Olsson, A. K. Hansen Source Type: journals

Regulation of lipid metabolism by energy availability: a role for the central nervous systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The central nervous system (CNS) is crucial in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Many neuroanatomical studies have shown that the white adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, which plays a critical role in adipocyte lipid metabolism. Therefore, there are currently numerous reports indicating that signals from the CNS control the amount of fat by modulating the storage or oxidation of fatty acids. Importantly, some CNS pathways regulate adipocyte metabolism independently of food intake, suggesting that some signals possess alternative mechanisms to regulate energy homeostasis. In this revi...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 20, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: R. Nogueiras, M. López, C. Diéguez Source Type: journals

Variegate porphyria in a 46-year-old patient taking sibutramine for weight lossEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the case of a 46-year-old female patient presenting with a first episode of symptomatic porphyria after 10 d of sibutramine treatment for weight loss. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous R168H hot spot mutation in the PPOX gene. A putative effect of sibutramine on the hepatic haem biosynthetic pathway and reduced food intake have likely caused this exacerbation of a porphyria attack. Although this may be the first case report of this kind, the risk of acute porphyria should be considered in patients using pharmacotherapy for obesity. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 20, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Reiser, S. Eickmann, T. Haverkamp, U. Finckh Source Type: journals

Obesity and low-grade inflammation: a paediatric perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem. Low-grade inflammation, a hallmark characterizing adult obesity, may be a pivotal mechanism linking obesity to its numerous systemic complications, with adipose tissue depots secreting and producing inflammatory mediators and visceral fat displaying an increased inflammatory profile. While knowledge is relatively scarce regarding the importance of the adipose tissue inflammation process in children, identifying its contribution in childhood obesity and the associated influences of age, sex, weight status, growth, and adipose depot phenotypes are crucial for understanding ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 20, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: C. S. Tam, K. Clément, L. A. Baur, J. Tordjman Source Type: journals

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from pathogenesis to management: an updateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world, is tightly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD entails an increased cardiometabolic and liver-related risk, the latter regarding almost exclusively non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD. Pathogenetic models encompass altered hepatic lipid partitioning and adipokine action, increased oxidative stress, free fatty acid lipotoxicity. On this basis, lifestyle-, drug- or surgically induced weight loss, insulin sensitizers, antioxidants, lipid-lowering drugs have been evaluated in ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - October 20, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: G. Musso, R. Gambino, M. Cassader Source Type: journals

Prevalence of obesity in Indian womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Comparison of two major studies conducted by National family health survey (NFHS-2) in 1998[ndash]1999 and NFHS-3 in 2005[ndash]2006 shows that prevalence of obesity among Indian women has elevated from 10.6% to 12.6% (increased by 24.52%). The prevalence is more profound in the women of age between 40[ndash]49 years (23.7%), residing in cities (23.5%), having high qualification (23.8%), belonging to Sikh community (31.6%) and households in the highest wealth quintile (30.5%). Highest percentage of obese women is found in Punjab (29.9%). Although this number seems small in the international perspective, it is significant b...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: C. Garg, S. A. Khan, S. H. Ansari, M. Garg Source Type: journals

Evidence of physical activity participation among men and women in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: a reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rapid socioeconomic development in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has resulted in demographic and epidemiological transitions, with obesity, diabetes and other chronic diseases becoming the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This emerging disease pattern is often attributed to physically inactive lifestyles. Given that there is no consolidated evidence on physical activity participation, we reviewed studies to examine prevalence and gender differences among GCC adults. PubMed, CINAHL and reference list searches identified eight relevant studies. Based on the best-available data, the prevalence ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 28, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: R. M. Mabry, M. M. Reeves, E. G. Eakin, N. Owen Source Type: journals

Role of microRNAs in obesity and the metabolic syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are major public health concerns, and present a formidable therapeutic challenge. Many patients remain recalcitrant to conventional lifestyle changes and medical therapies. Bariatric surgery has made laudable progress in the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders, yet carries inherent risks. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders is essential in order to develop novel, valid therapeutic strategies. Mi(cro)RNAs play important regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes including adipocyte differentiation, metabolic integration, insulin resis...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 28, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: H. M. Heneghan, N. Miller, M. J. Kerin Source Type: journals

Intelligence in relation to obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We performed a systematic review describing obesity/intelligent quotient (IQ) association, particularly childhood IQ in relation to adulthood obesity. After screening 883 citations from five electronic databases, we included 26 studies, most of medium quality. The weighted mean difference (WMD) of the full IQ (FIQ)/obesity association in the pre-school children was [minus]15.1 (P > 0.05). Compared with controls, the WMD of FIQ and performance IQ of obese children were [minus]2.8 and [minus]10.0, respectively (P < 0.05), and the WMD of verbal IQ was [minus]7.01 (P > 0.05). With increasing obesity, the FIQ in pre-school chil...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 23, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Z. B. Yu, S. P. Han, X. G. Cao, X. R. Guo Source Type: journals

Parental perceptions regarding healthy behaviours for preventing overweight and obesity in young children: a systematic review of qualitative studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Evidence is increasingly pointing towards the importance of early life strategies to prevent childhood overweight and obesity. This systematic review synthesizes qualitative research concerning parental perceptions regarding behaviours for preventing overweight and obesity in young children. During May and June 2008, a range of electronic databases were searched and together with lateral searching techniques 21 studies were identified for review. Data extraction and synthesis using thematic content analysis revealed six organizing and 32 finer level themes. These related to child factors, family dynamics, parenting, knowle...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 22, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Pocock, D. Trivedi, W. Wills, F. Bunn, J. Magnusson Source Type: journals

A national survey of the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in ItalyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity among Italian schoolchildren and to examine geographic differences and present and future implications for health care, we used data from a nationwide representative survey performed in May 2008 among third-grade students in 18 of Italy's 21 regions. Cluster sampling was used to identify classes for participation. The study population included all children aged 8[ndash]9 years whose parents agreed to opt-out consent. Parents, children and teachers completed brief questionnaires, and children were weighed and measured by trained staff using standardized equipmen...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 16, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: N. Binkin, G. Fontana, A. Lamberti, C. Cattaneo, G. Baglio, A. Perra, A. Spinelli Source Type: journals

Relative changes in resting energy expenditure during weight loss: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of weight loss on the changes in resting energy expenditure (EE) is relevant. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify studies with information relevant to this systematic review. From this search, the mean rate of resting EE decrease relative to weight loss was calculated from 90 available publications. A decrease of resting EE relative to weight loss of [minus]15.4 ± 8.7 kcal kg[minus]1 was observed from 2996 subjects. No sex differences were noted in the overall resting EE decrease relative to weight loss. However, a significant sex differences was seen with pharmacol...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 16, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. Schwartz, É. Doucet Source Type: journals

A bibliometric study of scientific literature on obesity research in PubMed (1988–2007)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes a bibliometric review of the publications on obesity research in PubMed over the last 20 years. We used Medline via the PubMed online service of the US National Library of Medicine from 1988 to 2007. The search strategy was: ([obesity] in MesH). A total of 58 325 references were retrieved, 25.5% in 1988[ndash]1997, and 74.5% in 1998[ndash]2007. The growth in the number of publications showed an exponential increase. The references were published in 3613 different journals, with 20 journals contributing 25% of obesity literature. The two journals contributing most were the International Journal of Obe...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 14, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: J. Vioque, J. M. Ramos, E. M. Navarrete-Muñoz, M. García-de-la-Hera Source Type: journals

Systematic review of long-term lifestyle interventions to prevent weight gain and morbidity in adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this article is to determine the effectiveness of long-term lifestyle interventions for the prevention of weight gain and morbidity in adults. Prevention of weight gain is important in adults who are of normal weight, overweight and obese. A systematic review of controlled trials of lifestyle interventions in adults with a body mass index of less than 35 kg m[minus]2 with at least 2 years of follow-up was carried out. Eleven of 39 comparisons produced significant improvement in weight between groups at 2 years or longer with mean difference weight change ranging from [minus]0.5 to [minus]11.5 kg. Effective inter...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 13, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: T. Brown, A. Avenell, L. D. Edmunds, H. Moore, V. Whittaker, L. Avery, C. Summerbell Source Type: journals

Effectiveness of web-based interventions in achieving weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review with meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this systematic review are to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based interventions on weight loss and maintenance and identify which components of web-based interventions are associated with greater weight change and low attrition rates. A literature search from 1995 to April 2008 was conducted. Studies were eligible for inclusion if: participants were aged [ge]18 years with a body mass index [ge]25, at least one study arm involved a web-based intervention with the primary aim of weight loss or maintenance, and reported weight-related outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studie...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 13, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Neve, P. J. Morgan, P. R. Jones, C. E. Collins Source Type: journals

How are we going to turn the obesity prevention experience?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 10, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Manfred J. Müller Source Type: journals

Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this systematic review was to study the relative health risks of poor cardio-respiratory fitness (or physical inactivity) in normal-weight people vs. obesity in individuals with good cardio-respiratory fitness (or high physical activity). The core inclusion criteria were: publication year 1990 or later; adult participants; design prospective follow-up, case[ndash]control or cross-sectional; data on cardio-respiratory fitness and/or physical activity; data on BMI (body mass index), waist circumference or body composition; outcome data on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular di...
Source: Obesity Reviews - September 8, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Fogelholm Source Type: journals

Regulatory enzymes of mitochondrial β-oxidation as targets for treatment of the metabolic syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insulin sensitizers like metformin generally act through pathways triggered by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) controls mitochondrial [beta]-oxidation and is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, the product of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-ACC-CPT1 axis tightly regulates mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Evidence indicates that ACC2, the isoform located in close proximity to CPT1, is the major regulator of CPT1 activity. ACC2 as well as CPT1 are therefore potential targets to treat components of the metabolic sy...
Source: Obesity Reviews - August 19, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Schreurs, F. Kuipers, F. R. van der Leij Source Type: journals

The relation between an adverse psychological and social environment in childhood and the development of adult obesity: a systematic literature reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prevalence of obesity is on a global-wide increase, but still the aetiology of adult obesity is poorly understood. It has been shown that overweight children suffer from adverse psychological events, but less is known about the potential effects of adverse psychological factors among normal weight children for later development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to systematically review current literature on associations between psychological factors in childhood and development of obesity in adulthood. A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases MEDLINE (silverplatter 1977[ndash]2008), PsycI...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 30, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Vámosi, B. L. Heitmann, K. O. Kyvik Source Type: journals

Inflammatory effects of nutritional stimuli: further support for the need for a big picture approach to tackling obesity and chronic diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The discovery of a form of low-grade systemic inflammation (called 'metaflammation'), and the close evolutionary link between the immune and metabolic systems, poses questions about the supposed antigens (inducers) of such an immune reaction. Initially, this was thought to be mediated through obesity. However, we have identified a number of lifestyle or environmentally related inducers that may cause metaflammation, even in the absence of obesity. In this paper, the third of a series linking obesity with broad environmental and evolutionary factors, we identify nutritional stimuli with evidence of an involvement in metafla...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 29, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: G. Egger, J. Dixon Source Type: journals

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is a heterogeneous disorder. Obese individuals vary in their body fat distribution, their metabolic profile and degree of associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Abdominal obesity carries greater risk of developing diabetes and future cardiovascular events than peripheral or gluteofemoral obesity. There are differences between adipose tissue present in subcutaneous areas (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) present in the abdominal cavity. These include anatomical, cellular, molecular, physiological, clinical and prognostic differences. Anatomically, VAT is present mainly in the mesentery and omentum, and...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Mohsen Ibrahim Source Type: journals

The impact of child and adolescent obesity treatment interventions on physical activity: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Efforts to treat obesity in childhood and adolescence would benefit from a greater understanding of evidence-based strategies to modify physical activity behaviour. A systematic review was conducted to examine the impact of child and adolescent obesity treatment interventions on physical activity. Studies included were randomized controlled trials or controlled trials, with overweight and obese youth (aged < 18 years), which reported statistical analysis of free-living physical activity at pretreatment and post-treatment. Two independent reviewers assessed each study for methodological quality. Seventeen child and three ad...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: D. P. Cliff, A. D. Okely, P. J. Morgan, R. A. Jones, J. R. Steele Source Type: journals

Prevalence of obesity in ThailandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The prevalence of obesity in Thailand has been doubled in the past two decades. Data from three consecutive National Health examination surveys (NHES) have shown a secular trend, as the prevalence of obesity with body mass index [ge]25 kg m[minus]2 in adults increased from 13.0% in men and 23.2% in women in 1991 to 18.6% and 29.5% in 1997 and 22.4% and 34.3% in 2004 respectively. Obesity prevalence in children, using weight for height criteria, increased from 5.8% in 1997 to 7.9% in 2001 for the 2[ndash]5-year-olds and from 5.8% to 6.7% for the 6[ndash]12-year-olds. The data also show disproportionate increases of obesity ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 27, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: W. Aekplakorn, L. Mo-suwan Source Type: journals

Overweight and obesity in infants and pre-school children in the European Union: a review of existing dataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to synthesize available information on prevalence and time trends of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in the European Union. Retrieval and analysis or re-analysis of existing data were carried out. Data sources include WHO databases, Medline and Google, contact with authors of published and unpublished documents. Data were analysed using the International Obesity Task Force reference and cut-offs, and the WHO standard. Data were available from 18/27 countries. Comparisons were problematic because of different definitions and methods of data collection and analysis. The reported ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 10, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. Cattaneo, L. Monasta, E. Stamatakis, S. Lioret, K. Castetbon, F. Frenken, Y. Manios, G. Moschonis, S. Savva, A. Zaborskis, A. I. Rito, M. Nanu, J. Vignerová, M. Caroli, J. Ludvigsson, F. S. Koch, L. Serra-Majem, L. Szponar, F. van Lenthe, J. Brug Source Type: journals

Iron in obesity. An ancient micronutrient for a modern diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Iron is a necessary constituent of several macromolecules involved in cell metabolism, but, at the same time, it could be a potentially dangerous element. For this reason iron balance must be finely regulated. At present, obesity has been recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Excess body fat is associated with increased all-cause mortality and increased risk for several medical morbidities. Many studies have shown that obesity might increase the risk of iron deficiency but, at the same time, obese subjects exhibit high serum ferritin levels. Recent studies seem to indicate that obesity is associated with iron de...
Source: Obesity Reviews - July 9, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: C. Zafon, A. Lecube, R. Simó Source Type: journals

Dietary strategy to manipulate ad libitum macronutrient intake, and glycaemic index, across eight European countries in the Diogenes StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to describe the development and implementation of a multifaceted, low-fat, weight-loss strategy for a Pan-European randomized controlled dietary intervention study, Diogenes. There were 891 families with at least one overweight/obese parent who underwent screening. Eligible, overweight/obese adults followed an 8-week weight-loss phase with a fixed low-energy diet (800 kcal). On attaining weight loss of [ge]8%, families were randomized to a 6- or 12-month low-fat (25[ndash]30%E) diet either based on national dietary guidelines or one of four interventions: low protein (LP)/low glycaemic index (LGI)...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 30, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: C. S. Moore, A. K. Lindroos, M. Kreutzer, T. M. Larsen, A. Astrup, M. A. van Baak, T. Handjieva-Darlenska, P. Hlavaty, A. Kafatos, A. Kohl, J. A. Martinez, S. Monsheimer, S. A. Jebb Source Type: journals

Efficacy of weight loss drugs on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Weight loss drugs have been developed to reduce the comorbidities associated with excess weight. We conducted a meta-analysis of the efficacy of orlistat and sibutramine on weight, body mass index, waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight adolescents. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles using MESH terms and keywords. Studies were included if they had reported quantitative estimates and standard deviations of the association between each weight loss drug and weight, with information on at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A total of eight trials (three orlistat a...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 30, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: S. Czernichow, C. M. Y. Lee, F. Barzi, J. R. Greenfield, L. A. Baur, J. Chalmers, M. Woodward, R. R. Huxley Source Type: journals

How useful are systematic reviews of child obesity interventions?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To facilitate the translation of research evidence into practice, policy makers and practitioners require practice-relevant information such as the effectiveness of interventions delivered in specific settings, by various personnel, using various intervention modalities, and descriptions of intervention costs or adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to review the relevance of information reported in systematic reviews of child obesity interventions in terms of these requirements. A systematic search was conducted for systematic reviews of child obesity interventions published in English between 1990 and 2008. A total...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 30, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: L. Wolfenden, J. Wiggers, E. Tursan d'Espaignet, A. C. Bell Source Type: journals

Effects of adjustable gastric banding on gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motility: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Controversial opinions exist concerning the effect of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding on gastroesophageal reflux. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies on patients undergoing adjustable gastric banding. Data are expressed in mean (range). Twenty studies were identified with a total of 3307 patients. The prevalence of reflux symptoms decreased postoperatively from 32.9% (16[ndash]57) to 7.7% (0[ndash]26.9) and medication use from 27.5% (16[ndash]38.5) to 9.5% (3.1[ndash]19.2). Newly developed reflux symptoms were found in 15% (6.1[ndash]20) of the patients. The percentage of esophagitis dec...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: J. R. de Jong, M. G. H. Besselink, B. van Ramshorst, H. G. Gooszen, A. J. P. M. Smout Source Type: journals

Natriuretic peptides: linking heart and adipose tissue in obesity and related conditions – a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between natriuretic peptides, obesity and related comorbidities. A systematic review of the English language literature from 1996 to 2008 was performed with Pubmed/MEDLINE and the ISI Web of Knowledge. 'Natriuretic peptides', 'atrial natriuretic factor', 'brain natriuretic peptide', 'obesity', 'body mass index', 'lipolysis' and 'adipose tissue' were used as Mesh terms. We also conducted a handle search among the references of the original articles selected. Finally, seventy-five studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. Natriuretic peptides ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 25, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: A. M. R. Beleigoli, M. F. H. S. Diniz, A. L. P. Ribeiro Source Type: journals

The weight of US residence among immigrants: a systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As the number of immigrants in the USA continues to rise, it becomes increasingly important to understand how their health differs from native-born individuals. Obesity is a public health concern and a component of health that may differ and change in important ways in immigrants. This research synthesizes the current literature on the relationship between immigrant duration of residence in the USA and body weight. Five databases from the health and social sciences were searched for all pertinent publications. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria, 14 of which reported a significant, positive relationship between body ma...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 15, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: R. Oza-Frank, S. A. Cunningham Source Type: journals

A quantitative analysis of body mass index and colorectal cancer: findings from 56 observational studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of colorectal cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. The identified 56 studies were conducted among 7 213 335 individuals including 93 812 cases. Compared with BMI < 23.0 kg m[minus]2, BMI of 23.0[ndash]24.9, 25.0[ndash]27.4, 27.5[ndash]29.9 and [ge]30.0 kg m[minus]2 were associated with 14%, 19%, 24% and 41% increased risks, respectively. Asians and premenopausal women had sharply increased risk from BMI < 23 kg m[minus]2 to general 'normal' range (23[ndash]25 kg m[minus]2). Each 5 ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 15, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Y. Ning, L. Wang, E. L. Giovannucci Source Type: journals

Factors that may impede the weight loss response to exercise-based interventionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The results of exercise programmes designed to reduce body fat are disappointing. However, the reporting of weight loss as mean values disguises those individuals who do lose significant amounts of fat. Why some participants produce significant exercise-induced fat loss whereas others lose little or increase fat stores is likely to be an outcome of a range of behavioural (e.g. sleep deprivation, caloric intake), inherited (e.g. muscle fibre type, gender) and physiological (e.g. hyperinsulinaemia, hypothyroidism) factors. The following review highlights possible factors involved in weight loss and discusses how individual d...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 15, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: S. H. Boutcher, S. L. Dunn Source Type: journals

Systematic prevention of overweight and obesity in adults: a qualitative and quantitative literature analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, most interventions aimed at preventing obesity have underemphasized the application of systematic intervention development, implementation and evaluation. The present review provides a thorough insight in factors promoting implementation and/or effectiveness in interventions aimed at preventing overweight/obesity among adults. A total of 46 studies evaluating interventions aimed at preventing obesity were reviewed, followed by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The Intervention Mapping protocol and the Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention (EnRG) were applied to analyse and classify ...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 15, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: S. Kremers, A. Reubsaet, M. Martens, S. Gerards, R. Jonkers, M. Candel, I. de Weerdt, N. de Vries Source Type: journals

Obesity, the PI3K/Akt signal pathway and colon cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is currently reaching epidemic levels worldwide and is a major predisposing factor for a variety of life-threatening diseases including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has also been suggested to be linked with cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of colon cancer by 1.5[ndash]2 fold with obesity-associated colon cancer accounting for 14[ndash]35% of total incidence. Several factors, altered in obesity, may be important in cancer development including increased levels of blood insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, TNF-[alpha], IL-6 as wel...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 11, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: X-F. Huang, J-Z. Chen Source Type: journals

Genetic variation in the hypothalamic pathways and its role on obesityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. Although this epidemic is mainly attributable to modern (western) lifestyle, multiple twin and adoption studies indicate the significant role of genes in the individual's predisposition to becoming obese. As the hypothalamus plays a central role in controlling body weight, its regulatory circuits may represent a crucial system in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Genetic variations in genes in the hypothalamic pathways may therefore contribute to the susceptibility for obesity in humans and animals. We summarize current knowledge on the ph...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: J. V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, M. H. Hofker, Y. T. van der Schouw, C. Wijmenga, N. C. Onland-Moret Source Type: journals

Relationship between costs of lifestyle interventions and weight loss in overweight adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, lifestyle interventions in health care for overweight adults are relatively cheap and higher intervention costs are associated with more weight loss, although the effect of costs on weight loss levels off with growing costs. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 5, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: R. P. Bogers, J. C. M. Barte, C. M. A. Schipper, S. M. C. Vijgen, E. L. de Hollander, L. Tariq, I. E. J. Milder, W. J. E. Bemelmans Source Type: journals

The discrimination of dyslipidaemia using anthropometric measures in ethnically diverse populations of the Asia–Pacific Region: The Obesity in Asia CollaborationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is only detectable through blood testing, which may not be feasible in resource-poor settings. As dyslipidaemia is commonly associated with excess weight, it may be possible to identify individuals with adverse lipid profiles using simple anthropometric measures. A total of 222 975 individuals from 18 studies were included as part of the Obesity in Asia Collaboration. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between measures of body size and dyslipidaemia. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist : hip ratio (WHR) and wa...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 2, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: F. Barzi, M. Woodward, S. Czernichow, C. M. Y. Lee, J. H. Kang, E. Janus, S. Lear, A. Patel, I. Caterson, J. Patel, T. H. Lam, P. Suriyawongpaisal, R. Huxley Source Type: journals

Characterizing the obesogenic environment: the state of the evidence with directions for future researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the explosion of obesogenic environment research within the last decade, consensus on what constitutes the very environment we are trying to measure has not yet been reached. This presents a major challenge towards our understanding of environmental research for obesity, and the development of a desperately needed contextualized evidence base to support action and policies for curbing this epidemic. Specifically, we lack the application of a cohesive definition or framework, which creates the potential for confusion regarding the role of the environment, misinterpretation of research findings and missed opportuniti...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 2, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: S. F. L. Kirk, T. L. Penney, T.-L. F. McHugh Source Type: journals

A systematic review of the quality of psychometric evidence supporting the use of an obesity-specific quality of life measure for use with persons who have class III obesityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
With global obesity rates at 42%, there is a need for high-quality outcome measures that capture important aspects of quality of life for persons with obesity. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and critique the psychometric properties and utility of the impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-Lite) for use with persons who have class III obesity. Databases were searched for articles that addressed obesity-specific quality of life. A critical appraisal of the psychometric properties of the IWQOL-Lite and connection to a quality of life conceptual framework was completed. Raters used a standardized d...
Source: Obesity Reviews - June 2, 2009 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: M. Forhan, B. Vrkljan, J. MacDermid Source Type: journals