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Acknowledgment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19877721 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Juvenile dermatomyositis: advances in pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare, presumably autoimmune illness that causes proximal muscle weakness and a variety of typical cutaneous features. The study of this illness has been hampered by its rarity but, in recent years, important developments have increased our understanding of JDM. Genetic factors are likely important in the pathogenesis of JDM. These include several Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles, in particular those associated with the 8.1 ancestral haplotype and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene 308 polymorphism. Microchimerism, activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and upregulation of type-...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Huber AM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Vasculitis in children and adolescents: clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, and treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The childhood vasculitides are a group of diseases affecting small to large blood vessels. The two most common conditions are Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki disease (KD). HSP is diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical findings and is mostly a self-limiting disease. KD is the most common vasculitis in infants and the development of coronary artery aneurysms is the major complication. Early treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is required to minimize this risk. All other vasculitides are very rare in children and include anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tullus K, Marks SD Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Treatment strategies to minimize or prevent chronic allograft dysfunction in pediatric renal transplant recipients: an overview.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Long-term allograft survival poses a major problem in pediatric renal transplantation, with allograft nephropathy being the principal cause of graft failure after the first post-transplant year. The mechanisms of nephron loss resulting in graft dysfunction are multiple, comprising both immunologic factors such as acute and chronic antibody- or T-cell-mediated rejection and non-immunologic components. The latter include peri-transplant injuries and renovascular lesions (renal artery stenosis, thrombosis) as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Another relevant issue leadi...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Höcker B, Tönshoff B Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric safety of tizanidine: clinical adverse event database and retrospective chart assessment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tizanidine is an imidazoline with central alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist activity at both spinal and supraspinal levels, which is indicated as a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. Despite being used in pediatric populations, there is no adequate information or well controlled studies to document the safety and efficacy of tizanidine in this group. To evaluate the safety of tizanidine in the pediatric population. We compared spontaneous adverse event reports in the Acorda Therapeutics worldwide clinical adverse event database for children (</=16 years; n = 99) and adults (>16 years; n = 1153) who h...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Henney HR, Chez M Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Topical pimecrolimus: a review of its use in the management of pediatric atopic dermatitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Topical pimecrolimus 1% cream (Elidel(R)) [hereafter referred to as topical pimecrolimus] is a nonsteroidal alternative in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. In vehicle-controlled, short-term, continuous-use trials in pediatric patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, topical pimecrolimus was effective in treating disease symptoms. Topical pimecrolimus was effective in preventing disease flares and reducing the need for topical corticosteroids in longer term, intermittent-use trials. In addition, topical pimecrolimus was associated with improvements in the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of ...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - November 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Yang LP, Curran MP Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Epidemiology and management of essential tremor in children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Essential tremor (ET) is a common, often familial, movement disorder characterized by tremor of the limbs, head, and voice. Epidemiological surveys indicate that up to 5% of the adult population has ET, and 5-30% of adults with ET report symptom onset during childhood. There is, however, little published regarding ET in the pediatric population, and no prospective studies targeted specifically to children. Retrospective studies from subspecialty movement disorder clinics indicate that childhood-onset ET is usually hereditary, begins at a mean age of 6 years, and affects boys three times as often as girls. While ET occa...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - September 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ferrara J, Jankovic J Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Antivirals for cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants: focus on pharmacokinetics, formulations, dosing, and adverse events.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common throughout the world, and has become more of a pediatric clinical concern given the high incidence of congenital CMV infections as well as the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. Because of this, the need for antiviral therapies in infants and neonates is growing. Currently, there are four antivirals available that are active against CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. At this time, none have approved indications for use in children. Although there are limited data regarding the dose, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and adverse events f...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - September 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Marshall BC, Koch WC Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pharmacotherapy in pediatric critical illness: a prospective observational study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy is an under-evaluated element of critical care medicine. In order to better understand pharmacotherapy in pediatric critical illness, we evaluated a cohort of emergency admissions to a university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A prospective, observational study was performed. Eligible patients were admitted to this medical-surgical ICU for at least 24 hours. The primary outcomes were the number of drug orders written, the number of different medications ordered, and the number of drug administrations. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify factors independently associated w...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - September 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: McDonnell C, Hum S, Frndova H, Parshuram CS Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group International Pediatric Pharmacy and Pharmacology Symposium, 24-26 April 2009; Orlando, Florida, USAdagger.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19725599 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - September 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Wilde MI Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Protein D-Conjugate Vaccine (Synflorix; PHiD-CV).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
black triangle The pneumococcal polysaccharide protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV; Synflorix) contains ten capsular polysaccharide serotypes from the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, eight of which are conjugated to a nonlipidated cell-surface liporotein (protein D) of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and two of which are conjugated to either tetanus or diphtheria toxoid. black triangle In a three-dose primary vaccination schedule in infants aged <6 months, PHiD-CV elicited high immune responses against all pneumococcal serotypes contained in the vaccine and was noninferior to an approved 7-valent pne...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - September 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Croxtall JD, Keating GM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Multidisciplinarity goes mainstream: orlando meeting of the pediatric pharmacy advocacy group focuses attention on the need for multidisciplinary networks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19566106 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Macleod S, Knoppert D Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Non-infectious pediatric uveitis: an update on immunomodulatory management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pediatric non-infectious uveitis remains a rare but potentially sight-threatening group of diseases. However, early screening and treatment can improve outcomes. No single agent has proven to be efficacious in all cases. A wide variety of long-term immunomodulatory treatments are available; these agents differ in both their potency and side effect profiles. Corticosteroids remain an extremely valuable form of treatment in the short-term management of uveitis. Other major groups of immunomodulatory treatments include the calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites such as methotrexate, which is frequently used as the fir...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sharma SM, Dick AD, Ramanan AV Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Variations in amoxicillin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters may explain treatment failures in acute otitis media.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this review was to define the biologic variations in amoxicillin PK/PD parameters for the treatment of AOM in children and assess whether these variations could explain why the commonly employed amoxicillin PK/PD model is imperfect in predicting outcome for every patient in this clinical setting. To this end, a literature search of MEDLINE (1966-2006) and EMBASE (1974-2006) was conducted to identify studies that evaluated ampicillin or amoxicillin intestinal absorption, serum concentrations, and/or middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations. Analysis of studies identified for review showed that the intestinal b...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pichichero ME, Reed MD Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Caspofungin: in pediatric patients with fungal infections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
black triangle Caspofungin is the first echinocandin to be approved for the treatment of fungal infections in pediatric patients. The antifungal properties of caspofungin result from interference with fungal cell-wall integrity. black triangle In vitro, caspofungin is fungicidal against Candida spp. and fungistatic against Aspergillus spp., but has little or no fungicidal or fungistatic activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, the Zygomycetes, Fusarium spp., or Trichosporon beigelii. black triangle Caspofungin was effective as empirical antifungal therapy in pediatric patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. Al...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garnock-Jones KP, Keam SJ Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Micafungin: a review of its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive Candida infections in pediatric patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intravenous micafungin (Mycamine(R); Funguard(R)) is an echinocandin indicated in Japan and the EU for the treatment of pediatric patients (including neonates) with invasive candidiasis and as prophylaxis against Candida infection in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the EU, micafungin is also indicated in pediatric patients who are expected to have neutropenia for >/=10 days. In Japan, children may also receive micafungin for the treatment of, or as prophylaxis against, invasive Aspergillus infection. Micafungin is not currently approved for use in pediatric...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - August 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Carter NJ, Keating GM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Potential Vitamin-Drug Interactions in Children: At a Pediatric Emergency Department.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A significant increase in vitamin use has been observed in recent years and interactions between vitamins and medications have been reported. To determine the frequency and types of potential interactions between vitamins and medications in children arriving at a large tertiary, pediatric emergency department. We also compared family characteristics of children with potential interactions with those of children with no potential interactions, in order to determine children at a higher risk. A cross-sectional study in which a survey was conducted of parents/caregivers and/or patients aged 0-18 years registered at a larg...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - July 5, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Goldman RD, Vohra S, Rogovik AL Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The dutch medicines for children research network: a new resource for clinical trials.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Europe, several national networks have been established to undertake clinical research of medicines for children. In the Netherlands, the Dutch Medicines for Children Research Network (MCRN) was launched in September 2008. The purpose of the Dutch MCRN is to improve the speed, quality, and coordination of clinical drug research in children, ultimately resulting in better patient care. PMID: 19445544 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 27, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Weber EH, Timmermans IT, Offringa M Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Multimodal Treatments versus Pharmacotherapy Alone in Children with Psychiatric Disorders: Implications of Access, Effectiveness, and Contextual Treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Practice guidelines for the treatment of youth with mental health problems tend to endorse integrating psychopharmacologic treatment with psychosocial interventions, such as psychotherapy and parent skills training. However, poor access to pediatric mental health specialists and inadequate training of primary care physicians in psychosocial interventions make it difficult for families to receive this standard of care. Large pediatric randomized, multicenter trials, including the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) [MTA] and the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (T...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 27, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Reeves G, Anthony B Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events and is accompanied by physical symptoms such as headaches, tension, restlessness, gastrointestinal distress, and heart palpitations. Symptoms impose marked distress and interfere with social, emotional, and educational functioning. GAD occurs in over 10% of children and adolescents, has an average age of onset of 8.5 years, and is more often reported in girls. Common co-occurring conditions include separation anxiety disorder and social phobia. Assessment involves a multi-informant, multi-method...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 27, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Keeton CP, Kolos AC, Walkup JT Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Current pharmacological management of gastro-esophageal reflux in children: an evidence-based systematic review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) is a common phenomenon, characterized by the regurgitation of the gastric contents into the esophagus. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the term applied when GER is associated with sequelae or faltering growth. The main aims of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, promote normal growth, and prevent complications. Medical treatments for children include (i) altering the viscosity of the feeds with alginates; (ii) altering the gastric pH with antacids, histamine H(2) receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors; and (iii) altering the motility of the gut with prokinetics, such...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 27, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tighe MP, Afzal NA, Bevan A, Beattie RM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Atomoxetine (Strattera(R)) is a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor that is not classified as a stimulant, and is indicated for use in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atomoxetine is effective and generally well tolerated. It is significantly more effective than placebo and standard current therapy and does not differ significantly from or is noninferior to immediate-release methylphenidate; however, it is significantly less effective than the extended-release methylphenidate formulation OROS(R) methylphenidate (hereafter referred to as osmotically released methylph...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - June 27, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Anti-diarrheal effects of diosmectite in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute diarrhea caused by an infectious organism is highly prevalent, particularly in developing countries, and is usually self-limiting. The condition is a major contributor to the global disease burden and is associated with a significant economic cost. The disease is common in children aged <5 years. It occurs as the result of exposure to a diarrheogenic agent that alters intestinal absorption and/or secretion, resulting in an increase in the volume of water that enters the colon beyond that which can be absorbed. Diarrhea almost always occurs by one or more of four mechanisms: disruption of osmotic forces in the ...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dupont C, Vernisse B Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The role of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of cystic fibrosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The lung disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a vicious cycle of airway obstruction, chronic bacterial infection, and vigorous inflammation, which ultimately results in bronchiectasis. Recognition that excessive and persistent inflammation is a key factor in lung destruction has prompted investigation into anti-inflammatory therapies. Although effective, the use of systemic corticosteroids has been limited by the unacceptable adverse effect profile. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory agent in CF, likely as a result of clinicians' familiarity with these agents and thei...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ross KR, Chmiel JF, Konstan MW Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Etiology, diagnosis, and pharmacologic treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the current knowledge about the etiology, investigation, and treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension in the clinical setting. PMID: 19301933 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tulloh R Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric palliative care: use of opioids for the management of pain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is provided to children experiencing life-limiting diseases (LLD) or life-threatening diseases (LTD). Sixty to 90% of children with LLD/LTD undergoing PPC receive opioids at the end of life. Analgesia is often insufficient. Reasons include a lack of knowledge concerning opioid prescribing and adjustment of opioid dose to changing requirements. The choice of first-line opioid is based on scientific evidence, pain pathophysiology, and available administration modes. Doses are calculated on a bodyweight basis up to a maximum absolute starting dose. Morphine remains the gold standard startin...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Zernikow B, Michel E, Craig F, Anderson BJ Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Incidence, Preventability, and Impact of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) and Potential ADEs in Hospitalized Children in New Zealand: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adverse drug events (ADEs) are an important problem in all hospitalized patients as these events represent medication-related patient harm. Few epidemiologic data exist regarding ADEs in the pediatric inpatient setting and, in particular, the economic impact of such ADEs upon the healthcare sector. To evaluate the incidence, preventability, and seriousness of ADEs and potential ADEs occurring in hospitalized children and to examine the cost implications of these ADEs. This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in the pediatric, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and postnatal wards of a university-af...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kunac DL, Kennedy J, Austin N, Reith D Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Establishing an international collaborative network in pediatric pharmacology. Proceedings of the Toronto Satellite in Pediatric Pharmacology, a satellite meeting of the IXth World Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. July 25-26, 2008. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19266625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 7, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The global alliance for pediatric pharmacology: the future is here and now.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The vast majority of drugs prescribed for children have not been approved by regulatory agencies for the pediatric age group and, in many cases, have not been studied appropriately. In July 2008, at a meeting of pediatric pharmacologists from over 30 countries and 5 continents in Toronto, ON, Canada, it became apparent that numerous pediatric drug studies are being conducted, often duplicating studies done elsewhere. This is also true for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, as well as for the development of pediatric formulations. Finding simple ways to inform the world about existing data may save time and fa...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Koren G, Rieder M, MacLeod SM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Australian report on pediatric medication issues: is any magic happening in the 'land of oz' to save the therapeutic orphan?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Australian prescribers have faced many of the same issues as those in other developed countries in relation to medicines for children. Australia represents <1% of the world pharmaceutical market, with the pediatric market being a fraction of this. Thus, Australia's ability to influence the global market has been seen as limited, and it had been hoped that Australian children would benefit from international efforts in the area of medicines for children. This, however, has not eventuated, with there being very little change in the availability of medications for children in Australia over the past 2 decades. A number...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Beggs S Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Delivering better medicines to children: need for better integration between the science, the policy, and the practice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We are experiencing an exciting and unprecedented period in the history of children's medicines globally. Milestone developments unfolding in recent years include the formation of the International Alliance for Better Medicines for Children in 2006 and landmark initiatives by the EU, the World Health Assembly (WHA), and the WHO in 2007. However, the challenges of optimizing the development, wider availability, and routine use of effective, safe, and affordable medicines addressing important child health needs are considerable. Each aspect of this continuum has so far received differential attention. Major initiatives i...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gazarian M Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Training pediatric clinical pharmacology and therapeutics specialists of the future: the needs, the reality, and opportunities for international networking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In recent years there has been a rapid and marked increase in global recognition of the need for better medicines for children, with various initiatives being implemented at global and regional levels. These exciting developments are matched by recognition of the need to build greater capacity in the field of pediatric clinical pharmacology and therapeutics to help deliver on the promise of better medicines for children. A range of pediatric medicines researchers, educators, clinical therapeutics practitioners, and experts in drug evaluation, regulation, and broader medicines policy are needed on a larger scale, in bot...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gazarian M Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Clinical investigation in pediatrics: challenges and opportunities in Toronto, Canada.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We discuss the challenges and opportunities we face at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, ON, Canada in conducting clinical investigation in children. Three areas are discussed: (i) the program structure of the Research Institute; (ii) the Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics as a common platform for preclinical studies across the university campus; and (iii) evolving clinical research infrastructure. Because preclinical and clinical investigation are becoming increasingly resource-intensive, we are witnessing a trend toward functional amalgamation of research teams, centralization of major experimental facilities,...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ito S Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Physiology and experimental medicine: translational research at the Toronto Hospital For Sick Children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Physiology and Experimental Medicine at The Hospital For Sick Children (Toronto, ON, Canada) is a multidisciplinary program that brings together significant interdisciplinary and interprofessional activity from different study areas such as: lung and cardiovascular physiology; imaging; metabolism and nutrition; pharmacology; and experimental medicine. The program is comprised of researchers, clinicians, and educators who focus on the study of complex, integrated bodily systems. Special emphasis is placed on investigations which bridge in vitro and in vivo approaches, basic science with clinical applications, experiment...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ottaviani PT Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Training clinicians in Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology: closing a conceptual gap.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Developmental pharmacology is a science that does not start at birth, but rather preconceptionally. However, training for obstetricians, perinatologists, and neonatologists in this field is almost nonexistent. The novel Summer Institute in Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology is presented, with preliminary indications that it fulfils its mandate. PMID: 19127962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Koren G Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix): a review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 is an oral vaccine composed of a monovalent, live, attenuated, human rotavirus strain of G1P[8] type. RIX4414 vaccination in infants aged 6-17 weeks at enrolment provided protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) of any severity and high-level protection against severe RVGE requiring hospitalization in large, randomized clinical trials conducted in a wide range of geographic regions. Protective efficacy was evident over the period (2 months) between the first and second doses of vaccine, and the protection afforded by the full two-dose course was sustained for at least 2 years, the l...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - February 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: McCormack PL, Keam SJ, Bernstein DI, Grimwood K, Linhares AC, Madhi SA, Nakagomi O, Vesikari T Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Improving drug treatment for children: are we making an impact?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
At the beginning of 2009, we are on the threshold of mobilizing expertise in child health care and pediatric pharmacy and pharmacology in pursuit of worldwide major improvements in drug therapy for children. Momentum is built on progressive legislation on pediatric drug therapy from the US and Europe and on recent advances promoted by the WHO, including publication of an essential medicines list for children. Opportunities abound for research, educational initiatives, and practice improvements likely to bear early fruit in the form of better pharmacotherapy for children and youth. The most pressing challenge remaining ...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Macleod SM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The Global Alliance for Pediatric Pharmacology : The Future is Here and Now.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The vast majority of drugs prescribed for children have not been approved by regulatory agencies for the pediatric age group and, in many cases, have not been studied appropriately. In July 2008, at a meeting of pediatric pharmacologists from over 30 countries and 5 continents in Toronto, ON, Canada, it became apparent that numerous pediatric drug studies are being conducted, often duplicating studies done elsewhere. This is also true for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, as well as for the development of pediatric formulations. Finding simple ways to inform the world about existing data may save time and fa...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Koren G, Rieder M, Macleod SM Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric pharmacotherapy issues in Africa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pediatric pharmacotherapy in Africa is constrained by a variety of factors, not all of them unique to the continent. While affordability of medicines and the availability of sustainable financing for healthcare are constant challenges to African health systems, other issues of particular importance for pediatric care are also hampering access. These include the burden of disease in such settings, the lack of appropriate human resources for health, and the lack of child-appropriate dosage forms, especially for ambulatory care. Access to medicines for children has been recognized as a global priority. Examples of develop...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gray A Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The European paediatric initiative: 1 year of experience.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The European Regulation on medicines for pediatric use entered into force on 26 January 2007. It changes dramatically the way medicines are developed for children. This regulation will increase availability of and information on pediatric medicines through high quality, ethical research. PMID: 19127942 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Saint-Raymond A, Seigneuret N Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

German Paediatric Research Network (PAED-Net).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical trials in children are mandatory to generate data on new drugs as well as on drugs used off-label or for unlicensed indications. The EU Paediatric Regulation introduced in 2007 provides the background, goals, and requirements for pediatric clinical trials. The German Paediatric Network (PAED-Net) was established in 2002 with a public grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research with the aim of developing competence, infrastructure, networking, and education for pediatric clinical trials. The network, consisting of six pediatric clinical units and a coordinating office, has progressed very well and ...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Seibert-Grafe M, Butzer R, Zepp F Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The national institute for health research medicines for children research network.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The UK has established the National Institute for Health Research Medicines for Children Research Network to provide infrastructure to facilitate the conduct of randomized trials and other well designed studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry and public funding bodies. Clinical Studies Groups of experts establish priorities and assist in the development of protocols whilst Local Research Networks and an Extended Neonatal Network facilitate their implementation and conduct. Two Clinical Trials Units and a co-ordinating center assist in the development and conduct of studies and performance manage the network. W...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Nunn T Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Drug therapy for children in china.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The population of China is huge and includes 400 million children. For China, as for other countries in the world, there remain a number of questions from the past about drug therapy for children, such as unlicensed and off-label drug usage. Recently, China has updated Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, including those for pediatric drug clinical trials. Pediatric pharmacology research units need to be set up throughout the country. To provide better medicines to children in China is an enormous undertaking. PMID: 19127945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Li Z, Wang Y Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

The Task-force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young (TEDDY) Network of Excellence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Task-force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young (TEDDY) was established in 2005 to contribute to the promotion of safe and efficacious medicines for children in the context of the impending European Paediatric Regulation that finally came into force in January 2007. The project includes seven objectives and 12 Work-Packages encompassing the main aspects of the development and use of pediatric drugs. TEDDY represents a new entity in the pediatric pharmaceutical field, differing from a Scientific Society, a network for developing research or trials, or a consultative regulatory body. The ambition of TEDDY is ...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ceci A, Giaquinto C, Aboulker JP, Baiardi P, Bonifazi F, Della Pasqua O, Nicolosi A, Taruscio D, Sturkenboom M, Wong I Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Both parental psychopathology and prenatal maternal alcohol dependency can predict the behavioral phenotype in children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Parental psychopathology and prenatal exposure to maternal alcohol can contribute to the child's behavioral phenotype as measured by the CBCL. Therefore, the CBCL can be used to screen for such behaviors. PMID: 19127947 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Staroselsky A, Fantus E, Sussman R, Sandor P, Koren G, Nulman I Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Potential role of the placenta in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Identical maternal ethanol exposure levels produced differing levels of fetal exposure in a dizygotic human twin pair and a series of guinea pig littermates as evidenced through FAEE meconium analysis. These data indicate that the placenta may have a previously unappreciated role in mediating ethanol-induced fetal injury. PMID: 19127948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gareri J, Brien J, Reynolds J, Koren G Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Passive environmental exposure to cocaine in canadian children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Measurement of cocaine hair concentrations can allow estimation of the degree of environmental drug exposure in young children. Infants seem to have a disproportionately increased risk for systemic exposure, compared with older children. PMID: 19127949 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garcia-Bournissen F, Nesterenko M, Karaskov T, Koren G Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Pediatric clinical pharmacology studies in chagas disease: focus on Argentina.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease endemic in the Americas. It mainly affects impoverished populations and the acute phase of the infection mostly affects children. Many cases have also been detected in nonendemic countries as a result of recent migratory trends. The chronic phase is relatively asymptomatic, but 30% of patients with chronic infection eventually develop cardiac and digestive complications that commonly lead to death or disability. Only two drugs are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, benznidazole and nifurtimox. These drugs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of bot...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garcia-Bournissen F, Altcheh J, Giglio N, Mastrantonio G, Omar Della Védova C, Koren G Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Australian report on pediatric medication issues : is any magic happening in the 'land of oz' to save the therapeutic orphan?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Australian prescribers have faced many of the same issues as those in other developed countries in relation to medicines for children. Australia represents <1% of the world pharmaceutical market, with the pediatric market being a fraction of this. Thus, Australia's ability to influence the global market has been seen as limited, and it had been hoped that Australian children would benefit from international efforts in the area of medicines for children. This, however, has not eventuated, with there being very little change in the availability of medications for children in Australia over the past 2 decades. A number...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Beggs S Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals

Delivering better medicines to children : need for better integration between the science, the policy, and the practice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We are experiencing an exciting and unprecedented period in the history of children's medicines globally. Milestone developments unfolding in recent years include the formation of the International Alliance for Better Medicines for Children in 2006 and landmark initiatives by the EU, the World Health Assembly (WHA), and the WHO in 2007. However, the challenges of optimizing the development, wider availability, and routine use of effective, safe, and affordable medicines addressing important child health needs are considerable. Each aspect of this continuum has so far received differential attention. Major initiatives i...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - January 10, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gazarian M Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: journals