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454 records returned

Severe gastrointestinal bleeding and thrombocytopenia in a child with an anti-GATA1 autoantibody.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study is the first report of an anti-GATA1 autoantibody leading to severe thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding from multiple pinpoint hemangiomata. PMID: 19924028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - November 17, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Waele LD, Freson K, Louwette S, Thys C, Wittevrongel C, Vos RD, Debeer A, Geet CV Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Birth weight deviation and early postnatal growth are related to optic nerve morphology at school age in children born very preterm.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of early and later postnatal growth variables on optic disc morphology in children (n=53) born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks. On fundus photographs taken at a median age of 5.4 years the optic discs were evaluated using digital image analysis, and compared with those of a control group (n=203). The results were analyzed in relation to GA, birth weight (BW) standard deviation score (SDS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), weight at postmenstrual age 32 weeks (SDS), and weight, length and head circumference (SDS) at follow-up. The preterm children's optic dis...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 17, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Wikstrand MH, Hård AL, Niklasson A, Hellström A Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Inhaled Nitric Oxide Decreases Leukocyte Trafficking in the Neonatal Mouse Lung During Exposure to >95% Oxygen.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Decreases Leukocyte Trafficking in the Neonatal Mouse Lung During Exposure to >95% Oxygen. Pediatr Res. 2009 Nov 12; Authors: Rose MJ, Stenger MR, Joshi MS, Welty SE, Bauer JA, Nelin LD Chronic lung injury in the neonate is termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). These patients generally require supplemental oxygen therapy, and hyperoxia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD. The concomitant use of oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) may result in the generation of reactive nitrogen species, or may have an anti-inflammatory effect in the neonatal lung. We tested the hypothesi...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rose MJ, Stenger MR, Joshi MS, Welty SE, Bauer JA, Nelin LD Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Effects of Metalloproteinase Inhibition in a Murine Model of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, these data demonstrate that MMP inhibition is associated with a reduction of IRI in a murine model. PMID: 19915515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Novak KB, Le HD, Christison-Lagay ER, Nose V, Doiron RJ, Moses MA, Puder M Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Effect of complete maternal and littermate deprivation on morphine-induced Fos-immunoreactivity in the adult male rat brain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous research has demonstrated that rats reared in isolation from their dam and littermates show altered behavioral responsiveness to both natural and drug-mediated rewards. The present study examined the effects of complete maternal deprivation through the use of artificial rearing on neural activation following acute morphine exposure in adulthood. Male rats were either artificially reared (AR) or maternally reared (MR) from postnatal day 5 to 21. In adulthood (4-month old), rats received a single injection of morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) or equivolume saline 2 h prior to perfusion and brain extraction. Neural act...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rana SA, Mallet PE, Robertson BA, Wainwright PE Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Bartter syndrome prenatal diagnosis based on amniotic fluid biochemical analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, Bartter syndrome can be prenatally suspected on amniotic fluid biochemistry (sensitivity 93% and specificity 100%) allowing appropriate management before and after birth. PMID: 19915517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garnier A, Dreux S, Vargas-Poussou R, Oury JF, Benachi A, Deschênes G, Muller F Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The addition of cysteine to the total sulphur amino acid requirement as methionine does not increase erythrocytes glutathione synthesis in the parenterally (PN) fed human neonate.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Controversy exists as to whether the parenterally (PN) fed human neonate is capable of synthesizing adequate cysteine from methionine if the total dietary requirement for sulphur amino acid (SAA) is provided as methionine only. The goal of this study was to gather data on whether glutathione (GSH) synthesis is maximized at a methionine intake previously shown to be adequate for protein synthesis in the PN-fed human neonate. We measured GSH concentration, fractional and absolute synthesis rate in 5 PN-fed human neonates. Each neonate underwent two isotope infusion studies of 7 h duration after a 2-d adaptation to the to...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Courtney-Martin G, Moore AM, Ball RO, Pencharz PB Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Mutational spectrum of Phenylketonuria in the Chinese Han population: A novel insight into the geographic distribution of the common mutations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The absence of a comprehensive analysis for Phenylketonuria (PKU) mutations in the Chinese Han population has resulted in continued studies over the past 18 years to elucidate the mutational spectrum in patients from virtually all Chinese regions. Our study systematically investigated 13 exons and their surrounding introns of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in 212 unrelated patients using PCR and direct sequencing. A total of 79 different mutations were identified in 405 out of 424 mutant PAH alleles including 15 novel ones. Eight mutations, R243Q, Ex6-96A>G, IVS4-1G>A, R413P, Y356X, R111X, R241C and V39...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Zhu T, Qin S, Ye J, Qiu W, Han L, Zhang Y, Gu X Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Human paraoxonase-1 activity in childhood obesity and its relation to leptin and adiponectin levels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Childhood obesity is a predisposing factor for adult cardiovascular diseases. Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) may protect against atherosclerosis by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides in oxidized LDL. Alterations and potential correlations of PON1 activities, leptin and adiponectin levels in childhood obesity were studied. We measured PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin levels in 59 white, obese (obese group-OB: BMI corrected for age: 95.1+/-3.5 percentile, age: 11.9+/-1.6 years) and 51 normal-weight children (control group-C: BMI corrected for age: 64.1+/-8.4 percent...
Source: Pediatric Research - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Koncsos P, Seres I, Harangi M, Illyés I, Józsa L, Gönczi F, Bajnok L, Paragh G Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Editor'S focus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19851224 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - October 24, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Brain development of the preterm neonate after neonatal hydrocortisone treatment for chronic lung disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, no effect on brain growth, measured at term equivalent age, was shown after treatment with hydrocortisone for CLD. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 19851225 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - October 24, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Benders MJ, Groenendaal F, van Bel F, Ha Vinh R, Dubois J, Lazeyras F, Warfield SK, Hüuppi PS, de Vries LS Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Persistence of essential Fatty Acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis despite nutritional therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To study the evolution of plasma fatty acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in relation to nutritional status, pancreatic function, and development of CF-related liver disease (CFRLD) and diabetes mellitus, 24 CF pediatric patients with stable pulmonary disease were studied before and after an approximate period of 8 y. Nutritional status, pulmonary function, pancreatic function, and presence of CFRLD or diabetes mellitus were recorded. Results were compared with data obtained in 83 healthy children. Patients with CF have significantly lower linoleic acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lignoceric a...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 24, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Aldámiz-Echevarría L, Prieto JA, Andrade F, Elorz J, Sojo A, Lage S, Sanjurjo P, Vázquez C, Rodríguez-Soriano J Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Society for pediatric research presidential address 2009: the spirit of service.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19851227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - October 24, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Fuentes-Afflick E Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Gestational protein restriction in mice has pronounced effects on gene expression in newborn offspring liver and skeletal muscle; protective effect of taurine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Gestational protein restriction resulted in lower birthweight associated with significant gene expression changes, which was different in liver and muscle of offspring. However, a major part of the birthweight decrease and the expression changes were prevented by maternal taurine supplementation, implying taurine is a key component in metabolic fetal programming. PMID: 19823102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - October 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mortensen OH, Olsen HL, Frandsen L, Nielsen PE, Nielsen FC, Grunnet N, Quistorff B Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Majority of dietary glutamine is utilized in first pass in preterm infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid for very-low-birth weight infants by virtue of its ability to play an important role in several key metabolic processes of immune cells and enterocytes. Although glutamine is known to be utilized to a great extend, the exact splanchnic metabolism in enterally fed preterm infants is unknown. We hypothesized that preterm infants show a high splanchnic first-pass glutamine metabolism and the primary metabolic fate of glutamine is oxidation. Five preterm infants (mean +/- SD birth weight 1.07 kg +/- 0.22, gestational age 29 wk +/- 2) were studied by dual tracer ([U-C]glutam...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: van der Schoor SR, Schierbeek H, Bet PM, Vermeulen MJ, Lafeber HN, van Goudoever JB, van Elburg RM Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Urotensin-II contributes to pulmonary vasoconstriction in a perinatal model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) disrupts perinatal decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and is the commonest cause of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. The contribution of the potent vasoactive agent urotensin-II (U-II), in the pathophysiology of this condition, is unknown. In a new perinatal model of MAS, we combined measurement of circulating U-II levels with U-II receptor blockade studies. Nineteen anesthetised lambs were instrumented then randomly allocated to the following groups: 1) control (n=5), 2) control plus specific U-II receptor blockade with palosuran (n=5), 3) tracheal instillation of mecon...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Simpson CM, Smolich JJ, Shekerdemian LS, Penny DJ Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Thioredoxin Binding Protein-2 Inhibits Excessive Fetal Hypoglycemia During Maternal Starvation by Suppressing Insulin Secretion in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucose is a major fuel for fetal development. Fetal blood glucose level is mainly dependent on maternal blood glucose concentration, though it is also regulated by fetal insulin level. Thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is identical to vitamin D3 up-regulated protein (VDUP1) and thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip), was recently reported to be a key transcriptional factor controlling glucose metabolism. Here, we elucidated the functions of TBP-2 in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during the fetal period. TBP-2 female mice were mated with TBP-2 male mice; beginning 16.5 days post coitum, pregnant mic...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mogami H, Yura S, Tatsumi K, Fujii T, Fujita K, Kakui K, Kondoh E, Inoue T, Fujii S, Yodoi J, Konishi I Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Relationship of Proximal Renal Tubular Dysgenesis and Fetal Liver Injury in Neonatal Hemochromatosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Renal tubular dysgenesis has been reported in isolated cases of Neonatal Hemochromatosis (NH). We hypothesized that fetal liver injury in NH impairs proximal renal tubular development via impaired hepatic angiotensinogen elaboration. Morphometric analyses were performed of post-mortem liver and kidney sections of cases of proven NH and post-conception age matched controls for renal proximal tubule density, hepatocyte mass and hepatic angiotensinogen expression. Proximal tubule density was markedly reduced in NH cases though they showed a spectrum from mild to severe paucity. Hepatic angiotensinogen expression was marke...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bonilla SF, Melin-Aldana H, Whitington PF Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Hyperoxia Exposure Alters Hepatic Eicosanoid Metabolism in Newborn Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prematurely born infants are often treated with supraphysiologic amounts of oxygen, which is associated with lung injury and the development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Complimentary responses between the lung and liver during the course of hyperoxic lung injury have been studied in adult animals, but little is known about this relationship in neonates. These studies tested the hypothesis that oxidant stress occurs in the livers of newborn mice in response to continuous hyperoxia exposure. Greater levels of glutathione disulfide and nitrotyrosine were detected in lung tissues but not liver tissues f...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rogers LK, Tipple TE, Britt RD, Welty SE Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

In Vivo Dilatation of the Ductus Arteriosus Induced by Furosemide in the Rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Furosemide increases prostaglandin production and may be associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We aimed to clarify the in vivo ductus-dilating effects of furosemide in neonatal rats. Near-term rat pups delivered via a cesarean section were housed at 33 degrees C. After rapid whole-body freezing, the DA diameter was measured using a microscope and a micrometer. Pregnant rats (gestational day 21) were subcutaneously injected with furosemide 4 h before delivery, and the neonatal DA was examined 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after birth. Furosemide was also subcutaneously injected into 60-min-old rats and the DA dia...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Toyoshima K, Momma K, Nakanishi T Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

ATPase Class I Type 8B Member 1 and Protein Kinase C-zeta Induce the Expression of the Canalicular Bile Salt Export Pump in Human Hepatocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The exact molecular mechanism(s) of the disease that results from defects in the ATPase Class I Type 8B Member 1 gene remains controversial. Prior investigations of human ileum and in intestinal and ovarian cell lines have suggested that Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis 1 (FIC1) activates the Farnesoid X-Receptor (FXR) via a pathway involving Protein Kinase C zeta (PKCzeta). Translational investigations of human liver from individuals with FIC1 disease have been confounded by secondary affects of progressive cholestatic liver disease and limited numbers of samples for analysis. These studies, performed in primarily de...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chen F, Ellis E, Strom SC, Shneider BL Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

A model for educational simulation of hemodynamic transitions at birth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Birth is characterized by swift and complex transitions in hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Unrecognized pathologies or incidents may quickly become fatal or cause permanent damage. This paper introduces an essential component of an acute perinatal care simulator, namely a model for educational simulation of normal hemodynamic transitions seen during and shortly after birth. We explicitly formulate educational objectives and adapt a pre-existing model for the simulation of neonatal cardiovascular physiology to include essential aspects of fetal hemodynamics. From the scientific literature, we obtain model paramet...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sá-Couto CD, Andriessen P, van Meurs WL, Ayres-de-Campos D, Sá-Couto PM Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Fetal programming of infant neuromotor development. The Generation R Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was embedded within the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort in Rotterdam. In 2,965 fetuses, growth parameters were measured in mid- and late pregnancy. After birth, at age 9 to 15 weeks, neuromotor development was assessed with an adapted version of Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination. Less optimal neuromotor development was defined as a score in the highest tertile. We found that higher fetal weight was beneficial to infant neurodevelopment. A fetus with a one standard deviation (SD) score higher weight in mid-pregnancy had an 11% lower risk of less optimal neuromotor development (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 4, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: van Batenburg-Eddes T, de Groot L, Steegers EA, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The RNA-binding protein RBM3 is required for cell proliferation and protects against serum deprivation-induced cell death.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hypoxia and other adverse conditions are commonly encountered by rapidly growing cells. The RNA-binding protein RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3), which is transcriptionally induced by low temperature and hypoxia, has recently been implicated in survival of colon cancer cells by mechanisms involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signalling. Immunohistochemically, we found strong RBM3 expression in a variety of malignant and proliferating tissues but low expression in resting and terminally differentiated cells. RBM3 expression in fibroblasts and human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells subjected to serum deprivation or contac...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Wellmann S, Truss M, Bruder E, Tornillo L, Zelmer A, Seeger K, Bührer C Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Early alterations of growth factor patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, substantial alterations in BALF growth factor levels are present in infants developing BPD. An early imbalance in pulmonary growth factors may contribute to the developmental arrest of the lung seen in BPD. PMID: 19770691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Been JV, Debeer A, van Iwaarden JF, Kloosterboer N, Passos VL, Naulaers G, Zimmermann LJ Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

A 3-D well-differentiated model of pediatric bronchial epithelium demonstrates un-stimulated morphological differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a need for re-producible and effective models of pediatric bronchial epithelium to study disease states such as asthma. We aimed to develop, characterize, and differentiate an effective, efficient, and reliable three-dimensional model of pediatric bronchial epithelium in order to test the hypothesis that children with asthma differ in their epithelial morphological phenotype when compared to non-asthmatic children. Primary cell cultures from both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children were grown and differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 28 days. Tight junction formation, MUC5AC secretion, IL-8, IL-6, an...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Parker J, Sarlang S, Thavagnanam S, Williamson G, Oʼdonoghue D, Villenave R, Power U, Shields M, Heaney L, Skibinski G Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Measurement of total and compartmental lung volume changes in newborns by optoelectronic plethysmography.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study of respiratory mechanics in infants requires a non-invasive accurate measurement of the lung volume changes (deltaVL). Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) allows the assessment of deltaVL through the measurement of the chest wall surface motion and it has been proved to be accurate in adults. The aim of this study was to apply OEP to newborns and to validate it by comparison to pneumotachography. Twenty term and preterm newborns (GA=34+/-5 weeks) in stable condition were studied during 1-2 minute periods of quiet breathing in supine position. Airway opening flow was measured by applying a facemask connected ...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dellacaʼ RL, Ventura ML, Zannin E, Natile M, Pedotti A, Tagliabue P Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Circulating beta chemokine and MMP 9 as markers of oxidative injury in extremely low birth weight infants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and chemokines appear to be induced by hyperoxia in preclinical studies. We hypothesized that O2 exposure immediately after birth is associated with altered blood spot MMP 9 and beta chemokine concentrations. The following analytes were measured on blood spots on days 1 and 3 of life, using luminex technology in 1059 infants (birth weights < 1000 grams) in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network: MMP 9, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP 1alpha and beta), and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES). Infants a...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Natarajan G, Shankaran S, McDonald SA, Das A, Stoll BJ, Higgins RD, Thorsen P, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Carlo WA, Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Microbiologic and histologic characteristics of the extremely preterm infant's placenta predict white matter damage and later cerebral palsy. The ELGAN Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammatory phenomena appear to contribute to the occurrence of perinatal cerebral white matter damage and cerebral palsy (CP). The stimulus that initiates the inflammation remains obscure. 1246 infants born before the 28 post-menstrual week had a protocol ultrasound scan of the brain read concordantly by two independent sonologists. 899 of the children had a neurologic examination at approximately 24 months post term equivalent. The placenta of each child had been biopsied under sterile conditions, and later cultured. Histologic slides of the placenta were examined specifically for this study. Recovery of a single mi...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Leviton A, Allred EN, Kuban KC, Hecht JL, Onderdonk AB, Oʼshea TM, Paneth N Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rat model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) remains a major cause of neurologic disabilities. However, many experimental therapies have shown limited successes. We assessed whether human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be transplanted in the HIE rat brain to improve neurologic disabilities. P7 SD rats were either subjected to left carotid artery ligation and hypoxic exposure (HI) or sham operation and normoxic exposure (sham). On P10, rat pubs received either PKH26-labelled MSCs or buffer via intracardial injection, resulting in four experimental groups: sham-buffer, sham-MSC, HI-buffer and HI-MSC. Cylinder test a...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lee JA, Kim BI, Jo HC, Choi CW, Kim EK, Kim HS, Yoon KS, Choi JH Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Electrographic Seizures in Preterm Infants during the First Week of Life are Associated with Cerebral Injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, electrographic seizures were more likely to occur in the sicker and more premature infants with abnormal outcomes. Seizures detected on continuous aEEG monitoring with the raw EEG were associated with poor outcome. PMID: 19745782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shah DK, Zempel J, Barton T, Lukas K, Inder TE Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Title: Exposure to Supplemental Oxygen and its Effects on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Term Newborn Lambs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The optimal oxygen concentration for the resuscitation of term infants remains controversial. We studied the effects of 21% vs. 100% oxygen immediately after birth, and also exposure for 24 hours to 100% oxygen, on oxidant lung injury and lung antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities in term newborn lambs. Lambs at 139d gestation were delivered and ventilated with 21% (RAR) or 100% oxygen (OXR) for 30 min. A third group of newborn lambs were ventilated with 100% O2 for 24h (OX24). Oxidized glutathione levels in whole blood were significantly different among the groups with lower values in the RAR group, and these values cor...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kumar VH, Patel A, Swartz DD, Wang H, Wynn KA, Nielsen LC, Ryan RM Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Overexpression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 promotes the proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells (HUV-EC-C) probably by up-regulation of bFGF.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Our previous study demonstrated that allograft infammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is present in the vessels of infantile hemangiomas, but neither in the vessels of vascular malformations, pyogenic granulomas, normal skin, placental tissues, nor in the neo-vessels of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue. The purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of AIF-1 alterations on endothelial cells. Stable introduction of AIF-1 to the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUV-EC-C) in vitro revealed that AIF-1 enhances the proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and promoted G0/G1-to-S-phase transiti...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Jia J, Cai Y, Wang R, Fu K, Zhao YF Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Neonatal dexamethasone treatment in the rat leads to kidney damage in adulthood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently, concern has been raised that corticosteroid treatment of preterm neonates might be associated with adverse effects later in life, including early development of hypertension. Here, we investigate the impact of neonatal dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on early renal cell proliferation and nephron number. We analyzed mitotic activity in renal cortex of rat pups neonatally treated with Dex. Nephron number was measured and possible renal damage was quantified by counting inflammatory foci, ED-1 positive cells (macrophages), and the desmin score (activated podocytes). Mitotic activity was 34% and 29% lower on day 2 ...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 8, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: de Vries WB, Vd Borne P, Goldschmeding R, de Weger RA, Bal MP, van Bel F, van Oosterhout MF Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Epiphyseal Fusion in the Human Growth Plate does not involve Classical Apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By the end of puberty, growth ceases and epiphyseal fusion occurs through mechanisms not yet completely understood. Human growth plate tissues were collected in various pubertal stages including a unique late pubertal growth plate, which was about to fuse. Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling) staining, immunolocalization of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and electron microscopy. Morphological analyses of the fusing growth plate revealed disorganized, large chondrocytes surrounded by a border of dense, cortical-like bone. In the unfused growt...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Emons J, Chagin AS, Hultenby K, Zhivotovsky B, Wit JM, Karperien M, Sävendahl L Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Leptin affects intestinal epithelial cell turnover in correlation with leptin receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis after massive small bowel resection in a rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion: leptin accelerated enterocyte turnover and stimulated intestinal adaptation. The effect of leptin on enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis correlated with receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis. PMID: 19730157 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sukhotnik I, Coran AG, Mogilner JG, Shamian B, Karry R, Lieber M, Shaoul R Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Tryptophan released from mother's milk has antioxidant properties.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bioactive factors in human milk (HM) are crucial to the health of newborns, especially preterm infants. These compounds assist in reducing the oxidative stress that may occur as a result of combined exposure to supplemental oxygen and immature physiological defenses. To identify the components in HM that contribute to its greater resistance to oxidative stress compared to infant formulae, enzymatic hydrolysates of HM were prepared, ultra filtered, separated, and analyzed for antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity (muM Trolox equivalent (TE/g)) of non-digested milk, whole digested milk and the derived ultra fil...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tsopmo A, Diehl-Jones BW, Aluko RE, Kitts DD, Elisia I, Friel JK Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

An easy and practical method for routine, bedside testing of somatosensory systems in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was set out to develop and describe a novel, simple, and safe method for routine bedside testing of somatosensory system in very early preterm infants. We recorded EEG activity after tactile stimulation of hand (palm) and foot (sole) by a soft hairbrush stimulator in very low birth weight infants (n=10, GA 24-28, recording at CA 30-32 weeks), and compared the raw EEG responses to those seen by one- or two-channel brain monitors. In every subject, single tactile stimuli produced prominent (100-350 muV) somatosensory evoked responses (SER) that were readily identified in the ongoing EEG signal. The maximal SER was...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Vanhatalo S, Jousmäki V, Andersson S, Metsäranta M Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Iron Deficiency and Renal Development in the Newborn Rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Iron is essential for fetal organ development, but the effect of isolated iron deficiency on nephrogenesis is unknown. Human premature infants are at-risk for disrupted nephrogenesis because glomerular development is incomplete until 36 weeks gestation. We modeled the effects of iron on postnatal glomerulogenesis in 4 groups of immature rats from P4-P12: dam fed controls (DF), dam fed with sham gastrostomy surgery (DF+SS), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), fed iron-deficient formula through gastrostomy apart from the dam, and IDA plus simultaneous enteral iron rescue (IDA+Fe). Hematocrit, plasma ferritin, and body and kidn...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Drake KA, Sauerbry MJ, Blohowiak SE, Repyak KS, Kling PJ Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Simvastatin Inhibits Candida albicans Biofilm in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By inhibiting the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, statins impair cholesterol metabolism in humans. We reasoned that statins might similarly interfere with the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the major sterol of the yeast cell membrane. As assessed by spectrophotometric and microscopic analysis, significant inhibition of biofilm production was noted after 16 hours' incubation with 1, 2.5, and 5 muM simvastatin, concentrations that did not affect growth, adhesion, or hyphal formation by C. albicans in vitro. Higher concentrations (10, 20, and 25 muM simvastatin) inhibited biofilm ...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 21, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Liu G, Vellucci VF, Kyc S, Hostetter MK Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The Serotonin-Related FEV Gene Variant in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a Common Polymorphism in the African-American Population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An important subset of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with multiple serotonergic (5-HT) abnormalities in regions of the medulla oblongata. The mouse ortholog of the fifth Ewing variant gene (FEV) is critical for 5-HT neuronal development. A putatively rare intronic variant [IVS2-191_190insA, here referred to as c.128-(191_192)dupA] has been reported as a SIDS-associated mutation in an African-American population. We tested this association in an independent dataset: 137 autopsied cases (78 SIDS, 59 controls) and an additional 296 control DNA samples from Coriell Cell Repositories. In addition to ...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 21, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Broadbelt KG, Barger MA, Paterson DS, Holm IA, Haas EA, Krous HF, Kinney HC, Markianos K, Beggs AH Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Regulation of Phosphodiesterase 3 in the Pulmonary Arteries During the Perinatal Period in Sheep.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, PDE3 expression and activity in PA dramatically increase after birth, with a concomitant decrease in steady-state cAMP. Ventilation with either 21% O2 or 100% O2 blunts this PDE3 increase, whereas iNO restores PDE3 activity to levels equivalent to 1dSB lambs. The vasodilatory effects of milrinone were most pronounced in vessels from lambs with the highest PDE3 activity, i.e. 1dSB and 100% O2+iNO lambs. Thus, milrinone may be most beneficial when used in conjunction with iNO. PMID: 19707176 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Source: Pediatric Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chen B, Lakshminrusimha S, Czech L, Groh BS, Gugino SF, Russell JA, Farrow KN, Steinhorn RH Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The effect of bladderbox alarms during va-ECMO on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in lambs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To determine the effects of bladderbox alarms during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics six lambs were prospectively treated with va-ECMO and bladderbox alarms were simulated. Changes in concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (deltacO2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (deltacHHb) and total hemoglobin (deltactHb) were measured using near infrared spectrophotometry. Fluctuations in hemoglobin oxygenation index (deltaHbD) and cerebral blood volume (deltaCBV) were calculated. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood flow in the left carotid artery (Qcar) and central...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 19, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: de Mol AC, Gerrits LC, van Heijst AF, Menssen J, van der Staak FH, Liem KD Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The physiologic development of fetuin-A serum concentrations in children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fetuin-A prevents tissue calcification by forming soluble complexes with calcium and phosphate. A pathological depletion of serum fetuin-A has been observed in children on dialysis or after renal transplantation but knowledge on physiological age-related changes in serum fetuin-A is limited. We prospectively evaluated serum fetuin-A in 133 infants and children, ranging from very low birth weight infants to adolescents. Highest serum fetuin-A levels were present between 23 and 30 weeks of gestation (1 +/- 0.33 mg/ml). Thereafter the values decreased. This decrease was linked to biological rather than chronological age. ...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Häusler M, Schäfer C, Osterwinter C, Jahnen-Dechent W Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

High-Dose Erythropoietin Does Not Exacerbate Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preterm infants are at high risk of brain injury, and high-dose recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo) may be therapeutic. However, the effect of rEpo on the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is unknown. We hypothesized that 1) rEpo would cross the blood-eye barrier, and 2) Early rEpo would modulate ROP in a rat model. Epo concentrations were measured by ELISA from plasma and homogenized eye tissue at timed intervals after rEpo injection. Flat-mounted retinae were prepared from rats given rEpo (0, 5,000 or 30,000 U/kg i.p. qd x3) on postnatal days (P) 1-3 that were raised in room air (RA), or cyclic oxygen exp...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Slusarski JD, McPherson RJ, Wallace GN, Juul SE Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Feasibility and short-term effects of biphasic positive airway pressure versus assist-control ventilation in preterm lambs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biphasic positive airway pressure (BiLevel) ventilation allows utilization of two alternating positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) whilst permitting unrestricted spontaneous breathing with superimposed synchronized pressure support. We aimed to compare whether BiLevel vs. Assist-Control (A-C) ventilation provides effective gas exchange and reduces severity of early lung injury in preterm lambs. Preterm lambs delivered at 134 d (term = 150 d) were quasi-randomized to BiLevel (PEEP low/high 5/20 cmH2O) or A-C5 (PEEP 5 cmH2O) ventilation. Ventilation parameters and arterial blood gases were recorded at regular interva...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Schulzke SM, Polglase GR, Sozo F, Pillow JJ Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Prenatal methadone exposure and neonatal neurobehavioral functioning.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the neurobehavioral functioning of neonates prenatally exposed to methadone using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) and explores the relationships between maternal factors and infant functioning. The relationship between NNNS measures, NAS severity and need for pharmacotherapy for NAS were also evaluated. Infants who required pharmacological treatment for NAS showed more dysregulated behavior and signs of stress/abstinence as indicated by NNNS scores, but NNNS scores were not significantly correlated with maternal methadone dose. The determination of the range of the methadone exposed infan...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Velez ML, Jansson LM, Schroeder J, Williams E Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Title: The Impact of Fish Oil-Based Lipid Emulsion on Serum Triglyceride, Bilirubin, and Albumin Levels in Children with Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parenteral nutrition is known to cause liver injury in babies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different lipid emulsions on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in infants. In addition, there may be a relationship between the lipid emulsion and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, triglyceride levels may correlate with direct bilirubin and albumin, as markers of liver impairment and nutritional status. Patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis who were treated with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion (n=18) were prospectively followed for triglyceride, direct bilirubin, and albumi...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lee SI, Valim C, Johnston P, Le HD, Meisel J, Arsenault DA, Gura KM, Puder M Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Title: Different periods of periconceptional undernutrition have different effects on growth, metabolic and endocrine status in fetal sheep.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Periconceptional undernutrition alters fetal growth and development. However, there are no data on separate effects of undernutrition before and after conception, and few on underlying mechanisms. We determined the effects of mild periconceptional undernutrition on late gestation fetal growth, glucose-insulin axis, and maternal and fetal HPAA. Ewes were undernourished for 60 d before conception, 30 d after, or both, compared to well-nourished controls. Undernutrition before conception resulted in smaller, slower-growing fetuses with relatively larger placenta. Ewes that gained weight before, but lost weight after matin...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rumball CW, Bloomfield FH, Oliver MH, Harding JE Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

The Genetic Susceptibility to Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies to identify a genetic component to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have shown conflicting results. Our objectives were to evaluate and quantify the genetic contribution to RDS using data that comprehensively includes known environmental factors in a large sample of premature twins. Data from a retrospective chart review of twins born at </=32 weeks gestational age were obtained from 2 neonatal units. Mixed effects logistic regression (MELR) analysis was used to assess the influence of several independent covariates on RDS. A zygosity analysis, including the effects of additive genetic and common...
Source: Pediatric Research - August 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Levit O, Jiang Y, Bizzarro MJ, Hussain N, Buhimschi CS, Gruen JR, Zhang H, Bhandari V Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals