Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical PharmacyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin in Adults Summary of Consensus Recommendations from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases PharmacistsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1275-1279 Abstract Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic due to its effectiveness in treating serious gram-positive infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As commercial drug assays and a multitude of pharmacokinetic data from a variety of patient populations are widely available, therapeutic monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations is frequently performed by clinicians, with the expectation that targeting the concentrations within a relatively narrow range can minimize toxicity yet still achieve therapeutic success. Much debate exists, however, over the value of ro...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Michael J RybakBen M LomaestroJohn C RotschaferRobert C MoelleringWilliam A CraigMarianne BilleterJoseph R DalovisioDonald P Levine Source Type: journals

Clinically Significant Adverse Events from a Drug Interaction Between Quetiapine and Atazanavir-Ritonavir in Two PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe two patients who experienced serious quetiapine adverse effects potentially mediated through an interaction with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir. The first patient was a 57-year-old man with HIV and bipolar disease who developed rapid and severe weight gain when quetiapine was added to a stable atazanavir-ritonavir-based antiretroviral regimen. After the patient discontinued both quetiapine and ritonavir, his weight returned to its baseline value. The second patient was a 32-year-old woman with HIV, anxiety disorder, and a history of intravenous drug abuse who developed increased sedation and mental confusion when...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Todd M PollackChristopher McCoyWendy Stead Source Type: journals

Key Articles and Guidelines in the Treatment of Venous ThromboembolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1385-1385 Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant medical diagnosis that affects millions of patients each year. Appropriate management of VTE can help treat the initial event as well as reduce the frequency of complications such as postthrombotic syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and death. Due to increasing regulatory requirements, hospitals nationwide are developing necessary documentation of appropriate and safe use of anticoagulants for the management of VTE. It is essential that a wide range of clinicians have an understanding of what constitutes appropriate VTE treatment in var...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Paul P DobeshAnn K WittkowskyZachary StacyWilliam E DagerToby C TrujilloMichael P GulsethEdith NutescuTom Vondracek Source Type: journals

Bendamustine: A New Treatment Option for Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1375-1384 Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing hematologic malignancy and the most common type of leukemia in the western world. The lifetime risk for developing CLL is 1 in 216 men and women. Unfortunately, CLL is considered incurable with the chemotherapeutic agents available today. Bendamustine is a new agent that was recently added to the available regimens for the treatment of CLL. It was also recently approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Its mechanism of action is unknown, but it contains an alkylating group similar to that of other bifunctional alkyla...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ashley E GlodeAnthony Jarkowski Source Type: journals

Use of Antidepressants for Management of Hot FlashesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1357-1374 Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that antidepressant therapies, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine, are effective in the management of hot flash symptoms. Several of these agents have the support of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the North American Menopause Society. To review the literature on antidepressants for the treatment of hot flashes in women, we searched the PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and MEDLINE databases from inception through May 2009. All publication types that included human parti...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Dana G CarrollKristi W Kelley Source Type: journals

Management of Venous Thromboembolism and the Potential to Impact Overall Survival in Patients with CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1344-1356 Abstract The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is 6-12-fold higher than in the general population, and VTE is the second leading cause of death in this population, after cancer itself. The etiology underlying the increased risk of VTE is multifactorial and complex, involving patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. In patients with cancer, cumulative results from studies in those with VTE versus without VTE suggest that anticoagulation therapy, particularly with low-molecular-weight heparins, prevents morbidity and may reduce mortality. Despite the availa...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Biren SaraiyaSusan Goodin Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Primer for CliniciansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1326-1343 Abstract Appropriate use of antimicrobials in health care continues to be a challenge. Reliable and reproducible antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are necessary to provide the clinician with valuable information that can be translated into positive clinical outcomes at the bedside. However, there are nuances with these testing methods that, if unrecognized, could lead to misinterpretation of results and inappropriate antibiotic selection. This primer describes the common antimicrobial susceptibility tests used in the clinical microbiology laboratory and reviews how subtle differ...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kristi M KuperDeborah M BolesJohn F MohrAudrey Wanger Source Type: journals

Primary Antifungal Prophylaxis in Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Current Therapeutic ConceptsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(11): 1306-1325 Abstract In recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs), the mortality associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remains high, despite the introduction of broad-spectrum antifungal agents over the past 2 decades. Preventing exposure to fungal pathogens in this population is impossible; therefore, clinicians have focused on prophylactic use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs in high-risk HSCT recipients. It is important to target antifungal prophylaxis by type of HSCT (autologous or allogeneic), local epidemiology, and risk factors for IFIs so that patients can recei...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Dorothy McCoyDaryl D DePestelPeggy L Carver Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetic Outcomes of a Simplified, Weight-Based, Extended-Interval Gentamicin Dosing Protocol in Critically Ill NeonatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. This simplified, weight-based, extended-interval gentamicin dosing protocol for critically ill neonates was effective in achieving therapeutic peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin in most of the patients and, as a high proportion of patients had acceptable trough concentrations, may minimize the potential for toxicity. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: David S HoffRoger A WilcoxLisa M TollefsonPolina G LipnikAmy R CommersMeixia Liu Source Type: journals

Lack of Effect on Prematurity, Birth Weight, and Infant Growth from Exposure to Protease Inhibitors In Utero and After BirthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Significantly higher rates of prematurity and low birth weight were not demonstrated in infants exposed in utero to HAART with protease inhibitors. Moreover, these children reached normal growth percentiles during the first 2 years of life. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ana CarcellerEma FerreiraSophie AlloulNormand Lapointe Source Type: journals

A Simulation of the Comparative Long-term Effectiveness of Liraglutide and Glimepiride Monotherapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes MellitusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. With use of the CORE Diabetes Model and data from the LEAD-3 trial, long-term projected survival, diabetes complications, and costs favored liraglutide 1.2- and 1.8-mg monotherapies compared with glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - October 26, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sean D SullivanRafael Alfonso-CristanchoChris ConnerMette HammerLawrence Blonde Source Type: journals

Lack of Correlation Between Thiazide-Induced Hyperglycemia and Hypokalemia: Subgroup Analysis of Results from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1157-1165 Abstract Study Objective. To determine whether changes in serum glucose, serum potassium, and plasma insulin levels are correlated in a cohort of hypertensive patients. Design. Prespecified subgroup analysis of results from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. Setting. Primary care clinics at three tertiary care medical centers. Patients. Community-based ambulatory population of 202 patients (age range 17-65 yrs) with a new diagnosis of hypertension, untreated hypertension, or known hypertension, who were previously treated with fewer than three antihyp...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Steven M SmithShawn D AndersonSheron WenYan GongStephen T TurnerRhonda M Cooper-DeHoffGary L SchwartzKent BaileyArlene ChapmanKaren L HallHua FengEric BoerwinkleJulie A JohnsonJohn G Gums Source Type: journals

Abstracts and Index of AuthorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1273-1273 (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: journals

Hyperkalemia-Induced ParalysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 60-year-old man who experienced paralysis presumably due to hyperkalemia. He presented to the emergency department with severe weakness in all extremities. The patient's serum potassium concentration was greater than 8 mEq/L and his serum creatinine concentration was 7 mg/dl. Findings on electrocardiography were abnormal. Of note, his drug therapy included lisinopril and naproxen. After treatment for hyperkalemia, the patient's symptoms resolved; however, he was admitted for further workup for renal failure. The patient was discharged after approximately 1 week with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease. Use...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nikita S WilsonJoanna Q HudsonZachary CoxTabitha KingChristopher K Finch Source Type: journals

Key Articles and Guidelines Relative to Intensive Care Unit Pharmacotherapy: 2009 UpdateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1228-1269 Abstract Compilations of key articles and guidelines in a particular clinical practice area are useful not only to clinicians who practice in that area, but also to all clinicians. We compiled pertinent articles and guidelines pertaining to drug therapy in the intensive care setting from the perspective of experienced critical care pharmacists. A broad assembly of practitioners with expertise in various areas of intensive care unit pharmacology were involved in the compilation of this update. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Brian L ErstadGretchen M BrophySteven J MartinCurtis E HaasJohn W DevlinLynda S WelageWilliam E Dager Source Type: journals

Tenofovir for the Treatment of Hepatitis B VirusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1212-1227 Abstract Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults. Tenofovir has been available in the United States for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2001. It blocks HBV replication in liver cells and is available as a once-daily oral formulation. The efficacy of tenofovir for the treatment of chronic HBV has been demonstrated to be superior to adefovir in randomized controlled trials, whi...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alice M JenhChloe L ThioPaul A Pham Source Type: journals

Treatment of Hepatorenal SyndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1196-1211 Abstract Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a type of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced cirrhosis. It is a result of splanchnic arterial vasodilation, renal vasoconstriction, reduced effective arterial volume, and potentially reduced cardiac output. Often, HRS is a fatal complication, and the only definitive treatment currently available is liver or liver-kidney transplantation. A number of other treatment modalities have been tested for the management of HRS, but most evidence is derived from small noncontrolled studies. The primary role of these treatment options is to provi...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tyree H KiserRobert MacLarenDouglas N Fish Source Type: journals

Overview, Prevention, and Treatment of RabiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(10): 1182-1195 Abstract Each year, approximately 55,000 individuals worldwide die from an infection due to the rabies virus. Rabies is a life-threatening disease caused by an RNA virus that is usually transmitted to humans through bites from rabid animals. More recently, reports of transmission by means of organ transplantation have been reported. Since human rabies is nearly 100% fatal if prophylactic measures are not followed, an increased awareness of who should receive prophylaxis and when prophylaxis should be administered is necessary. Preexposure prophylaxis entails the administration of the rabie...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Andrea Julia NiggPamela L Walker Source Type: journals

Effect of Saquinavir-Ritonavir on Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity in Healthy Volunteers Using Midazolam as a ProbeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Administration of ritonavir-boosted saquinavir markedly increased the exposure of midazolam by inhibiting its metabolism, confirming that the combination of saquinavir and ritonavir at steady state strongly inhibits CYP3A4 activity. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Christophe SchmittCarsten HofmannMyriam RiekArpna PatelElke Zwanziger Source Type: journals

Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Induction in Adults Who Received Kidney Transplants from Living Unrelated Donors and Received Cyclosporine-Based ImmunosuppressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Five-day TMG induction effectively reduced the 1-year acute rejection rate without significantly increasing total inpatient costs or posttransplantation complications among recipients of kidney transplants from living unrelated donors. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - September 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: James T MillerCurtis D CollinsLinda J StuckeyFu L LuanMichael J EnglesbeJohn C MageeJeong M Park Source Type: journals

C. A. (CAB) Bond, Pharm.D., FCCP 1948-2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1013-1013 (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 22, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Richard T Scheife Source Type: journals

Imatinib Mesylate Pharmacokinetics Before and After Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Morbidly Obese Patient with Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 36-year-old, morbidly obese woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who received treatment with alpha-interferon and cytarabine over 5 years. Her chemotherapy was then switched to imatinib 400 mg/day because she failed to achieve a molecular response with the other two agents. A complete molecular response was achieved with imatinib. Four years later, she underwent a sleeve gastrectomy while receiving imatinib. Imatinib plasma pharmacokinetic values were assessed before and on four occasions during the year after the sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's trough plasma concentration before surgery (1558 ng/ml) was con...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Carolina PavlovskyMerrill J EgorinDhvani D ShahJan H BeumerSilvia RogelSantiago Pavlovsky Source Type: journals

Key Articles Relative to Cardiovascular PharmacogenomicsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1110-1151 Abstract Significant progress has been made in the field of cardiovascular pharmacogenomics over the past 10 years. As a result, important pharmacogenomic literature is now available for most major cardiovascular disease states. In addition, the results of some studies have prompted inclusion of pharmacogenomic information into the package inserts of specific cardiovascular agents such as warfarin. This compilation provides annotated bibliographies of high-impact cardiovascular pharmacogenomics articles. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Christina L AquilanteAmber L BeitelsheesLarisa H CavallariCraig R LeeStephanie MaciejewskiKathryn M MomaryOrly VardenyIssam Zineh Source Type: journals

Excretion of Antimicrobials Used to Treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections During Lactation: Safety in Breastfeeding InfantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1103-1109 Abstract Community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. These infections sometimes require treatment with antibiotics, and with the increasing resistance of pathogens to these agents, choosing the appropriate drug can be difficult. In lactating women who develop these infections, selecting an antibiotic is even more challenging, as clinicians need to be aware of risks to the infant from the drug excreted during lactation. To our knowledge, no review has addressed the safety ...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jennifer A MitranoLinda M SpoonerPaul Belliveau Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Prasugrel, a Thienopyridine P2Y12 InhibitorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1089-1102 Abstract The platelet P2Y12 receptor has proved an effective target for therapeutic inhibition of arterial thrombosis, as demonstrated by the significant reductions in cardiovascular events in patients receiving the thienopyridine agents ticlopidine and clopidogrel. However, limitations of these drugs have led to the development of alternative antiplatelet agents including prasugrel (CS-747), an oral thienopyridine with a rapid onset of action, consistent antiplatelet activity, and prolonged duration of effect. Prasugrel is a prodrug that is metabolized to one active metabolite (R-138727) a...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Paul P Dobesh Source Type: journals

Safety of Double-Dose Transdermal ScopolamineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1082-1088 Abstract Study Objective. To evaluate the safety of double-dose transdermal scopolamine patch therapy. Design. Randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Setting. Motion sickness clinic in Haifa, Israel. Participants. Twenty male sailors aged 18-21 years whose seasickness symptoms improved only slightly or not at all with a single transdermal scopolamine patch. Intervention. Subjects received either two transdermal scopolamine patches or one scopolamine patch plus a placebo patch for 24 hours (first session). After at least 1 week from the end of the first session, they received the other t...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ronen BarAmnon GilDror Tal Source Type: journals

Argatroban Dosage Requirements and Outcomes in Intensive Care versus Non-Intensive Care PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Both ICU and non-ICU patients require less than the manufacturer-recommended initial dosage of argatroban. However, ICU patients appear to be at an increased risk for bleeding and thrombotic events despite their attainment of therapeutic aPTTs. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Maureen A SmytheJohn M KoerberLisa L ForsythJennifer L PriziolaMamtha BalasubramaniamJoan C Mattson Source Type: journals

Antiproteinuric and Blood Pressure-Lowering Effects of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Patients with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. In these hypertensive patients with stage 3 CKD, combination therapy with the maximum recommended daily dose of losartan of 100 mg and a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5 mg ameliorated proteinuria and reduced blood pressure more effectively than treatment with losartan 100 mg alone, irrespective of whether the patients had diabetes. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Masanori AbeKazuyoshi OkadaTakashi MaruyamaKoichi Matsumoto Source Type: journals

Adjunctive Aerosolized Antibiotics for Treatment of Ventilator-Associated PneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Treatment with adjunctive aerosolized antibiotics was associated with a good response rate in critically ill trauma patients with VAP due to nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. It is noteworthy that episodes of VAP that followed intravenous therapy failure and/or that were due to multidrugresistant organisms responded well. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Quinn A CzosnowskiG. Christopher WoodLouis J MagnottiMartin A CroceJoseph M SwansonBradley A BoucherTimothy C Fabian Source Type: journals

Mortality Risk in Patients Receiving Drug Regimens with Theophylline for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Patients receiving regimens that included theophylline had slightly increased risks of mortality, COPD exacerbations, and COPD hospitalizations compared with patients receiving the same regimens without theophylline. However, the benefits of theophylline on other factors, including symptoms, quality of life, and activities of daily living, were not measured. Clinicians should consider all of the potential benefits and harms associated with theophylline when making treatment recommendations. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Todd A LeeGlen T SchumockBrian BartleA. Simon Pickard Source Type: journals

Visions for Required Postgraduate Year 1 Residency Training by 2020: A Comparison of Actual versus Projected ExpansionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Having sufficient PGY1 residency positions available for all Pharm.D. graduates by 2020 would require at least a 17% average annual growth rate, whereas survey respondents predicted 8.3%. Actual residency growth in 2008 (9.9%) exceeded survey projections. Study data suggest that the ASHP aspiration to have all graduates who pursue health-system pharmacy careers complete a PGY1 residency is achievable. Higher percentages, 75% or 100%, are only partially achievable. Continued growth of college-affiliated residencies and sustained growth in the VA systemare important to achieving residency growth goals. (Source: P...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katherine K KnappBijal M ShahHelen Bo Hyun KimHien Tran Source Type: journals

A Clinician's Perspective on Rating the Strength of Evidence in a Systematic ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1017-1029 Abstract Systematic review is a means of reviewing clearly formulated questions by using an explicit methodology to minimize bias in the location, selection, critical evaluation, and synthesis of research evidence from existing studies. It is not enough, however, to simply know that the best evidence available was captured in a systematic review. Rather, health care decision makers also need to understand what the strength of that evidence is. Strong evidence of a therapy's benefits and harms facilitates sound judgment in clinical practice, compared with weak evidence. In the absence of an ...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Craig I ColemanRipple TalatiC. Michael White Source Type: journals

Predicting the Supply of Pharmacy ResidenciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1014-1016 (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: John E Murphy Source Type: journals

beta-Receptor Selectivity of Carvedilol and Metoprolol Succinate in Patients with Heart Failure (SELECT Trial): A Randomized Dose-Ranging TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. In this ACC stage C heart failure population, carvedilol was nonselective at all clinically relevant doses, whereas metoprolol succinate was beta1-selective at low doses and became progressively nonselective at higher doses. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: James S ZebrackMark MungerJohn MacGregorWilliam L LombardiGregory P StoddardEdward M Gilbert Source Type: journals

Pharmacy Practice Research CareersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 1007-1011 (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Judith A SmithKari L OlsonKevin M Sowinski Source Type: journals

Potential Interaction Between Pomegranate Juice and WarfarinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 1002-1006 Abstract To my knowledge, no published reports have described an interaction between pomegranate juice and warfarin. Investigators from previous animal and in vitro studies have reported a potential for pomegranate juice to inhibit metabolism involving the cytochrome P450 system, an effect that could translate into a clinical drug-diet interaction with warfarin. This case report describes a 64-year-old Caucasian woman who was treated with warfarin for recurrent deep vein thrombosis. She had been receiving a relatively stable dosage of warfarin 4 mg/day for several months, with stable intern...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kathy E Komperda Source Type: journals

Gabapentin Therapy for Pain and Irritability in a Neurologically Impaired InfantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 39-week gestational age, male infant with hypotonicity, functional short gut, and microduplication of chromosome 22 who was treated with gabapentin to control pain and irritability. During his hospitalization, the infant experienced multiple complications including respiratory distress, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, gastroesophageal reflux, necrotizing enterocolitis, and cholestatic jaundice. Pain associated with related invasive procedures and surgeries was treated with intermittent and scheduled morphine. In addition to postoperative and pr...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: A. Lauren HaneySandra S GarnerToby H Cox Source Type: journals

Delayed Seizure Associated with Paclitaxel-Cremophor EL in a Patient with Early-Stage Breast CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a 41-year-old woman with no history of seizures who was treated with paclitaxel for breast cancer. Four days after the drug was infused, she developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that could not be attributed to other causes. The patient was treated with phenytoin and was able to complete her adjuvant chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel without further events. Her condition was neurologically stable without phenytoin for the next 6 months. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a possible association (score of 3) between the delayed seizure and paclitaxel or its solvent, Cremoph...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tracey L O'ConnorEllen Kossoff Source Type: journals

Thrombocytopenia from Combination Treatment with Oseltamivir and Probenecid: Case Report, MedWatch Data Summary, and Review of the LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 988-992 Abstract The possibility of an avian flu pandemic has spurred interest in preventive treatments with antivirals such as oseltamivir. Combining treatment with probenecid to delay excretion may extend limited supplies of oseltamivir. We previously conducted a pharmacokinetic study of oseltamivir plus probenecid among healthy volunteers. In this article, we describe a 68-year-old woman who, during the pharmacokinetic study, developed severe thrombocytopenia 2 weeks after starting oseltamivir plus probenecid. She was receiving no other drug therapy at the time. Her platelet count decreased from 2...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Dennis W RaischTimothy M StraightMark Holodniy Source Type: journals

Assessment of a Point-of-Care Metabolic Risk Screening Program in Outpatients Receiving Antipsychotic AgentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Point-of-care metabolic risk screening, done with a systematic interprofessional team approach, can provide clinicians with a practical method for identifying metabolic risk in patients prescribed antipsychotics. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mark E SchneiderhanCatherine L BatschaCherise Rosen Source Type: journals

Frequency and Severity of Harm of Medication Errors Related to the Parenteral Nutrition Process in a Large University Teaching HospitalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that medication errors related to the prescription, transcription, preparation, and administration of parenteral nutrition formulations occur and occasionally result in harm. Health care institutions should develop quality assurance programs to document compliance with published safe practice guidelines for parenteral nutrition. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gordon S SacksSteve RoughKenneth A Kudsk Source Type: journals

Overcoming Drug Resistance in Patients with Metastatic Breast CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 954-965 Abstract Metastatic breast cancer is generally considered to be incurable, with response rates and duration of response progressively declining with subsequent lines of treatment. Tumors are either intrinsically resistant to systemic therapy or acquire resistance at some point during multiple courses of therapy. Mechanisms of drug resistance are numerous and include accelerated drug efflux, drug activation and inactivation, alterations in drug target, processing of drug-induced damage, and evasion of apoptosis. Targeted anticancer agents for the treatment of breast cancer, such as hormonal ag...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Serena T WongSusan Goodin Source Type: journals

Economic Burden of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 943-953 Abstract Venous thromboembolism, a condition that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a significant medical problem that affects more than 1 million patients each year. In addition to the immense impact of venous thromboembolism on morbidity and mortality, the economic burden of the disease is considerable, costing the health care system in the United States more than $1.5 billion/year. The cost of managing an initial episode of deep vein thrombosis is estimated at $7712-10,804, and for an initial pulmonary embolism event $9566-16,644. Management of acute venous thromboem...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Paul P Dobesh Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics of Concurrent Administration of Fosamprenavir and Atazanavir without Ritonavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative SubjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Atazanavir 400 mg/day plus fosamprenavir 1400 mg/day significantly decreased concentrations of atazanavir compared with standard dosing regimens of each drug alone. This dosing scheme is not a recommended combination of dual, fully active protease inhibitors. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: MaryPeace McRaePatrick G ClayPeter L AndersonAlan G Glaros Source Type: journals

Intramuscular Haloperidol versus Intramuscular Olanzapine for Treatment of Acute Agitation: A Cost-Minimization StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 930-936 Abstract Study Objectives. To investigate prescribing patterns for antipsychotic regimens based on intramuscular haloperidol or intramuscular olanzapine for treating acute agitation; to compare the costs of each drug regimen, which included adjunctive anxiolytics and/or anticholinergics; and to compare the effectiveness and safety of each drug regimen. Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. State psychiatric facility. Patients. Twenty-seven patients who received intramuscular haloperidol to treat 47 episodes of acute agitation and 26 patients who received intramuscular olanzapi...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Darren J FreemanBethany A DiPaulaRaymond C Love Source Type: journals

Lack of Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate on Pharmacokinetics of Hormonal ContraceptivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Tenofovir DF and norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol are not involved in a clinically significant drug-drug interaction; tenofovir DF did not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of norgestimate or ethinyl estradiol, including the concentration at the end of the dosing interval. Both drugs were well tolerated when coadministered. Tenofovir DF is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of hormonal oral contraceptives. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Brian P KearneyAnita Mathias Source Type: journals

Assessment of an Alternative Meropenem Dosing Strategy Compared with Imipenem-Cilastatin or Traditional Meropenem Dosing After Cefepime Failure or Intolerance in Adults with Neutropenic FeverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. The alternative meropenem dosage of 500 mg every 6 hours yielded similar patient outcomes, including time to defervescence, need for additional antibiotics, duration of therapy, and mortality, when compared with the traditional meropenem dosage and imipenem-cilastatin in adults with febrile neutropenia. In addition, no adverse effects on clinical outcomes were observed with the alternative dosage of meropenem. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Heather M ArnoldPeggy S McKinnonKristan M AugustinLindsay M HladnikEd CasabarRichard M ReichleyErik R DubberkePeter WesterveltDavid J Ritchie Source Type: journals

Factors Associated with Recurrent Coronary Events Among Patients with Cardiovascular DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(8): 906-913 Abstract Study Objective. To determine which factors are associated with recurrent coronary events. Design. Matched, case-control study. Data Source. Electronic databases of a health maintenance organization. Patients. Of a cohort of adults (mean age 62 yrs, 68% male) who had an incident coronary event, defined as acute myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention, between January 1, 1999, and June 30, 2004, who survived and who were enrolled in a cardiac risk reduction service within 90 days after the incident event, 259 cases (patients who had a recurrent event between 90 day...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Karen J McConnellKari L OlsonThomas DelateJohn A Merenich Source Type: journals

Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Mixed-Treatment Comparison Meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Combination inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting beta2-agonist therapy was associated with the greatest positive effect on outcomes in patients with COPD. Of the bronchodilator monotherapies, tiotropium was associated with lower odds of having a COPD exacerbation or withdrawal from a study compared with long-acting beta2-agonists. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - July 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: William L BakerErica L BakerCraig I Coleman Source Type: journals

IntroductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(7, part 2): 1S-1S (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - June 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Stacy A Voils Source Type: journals