Sex differences in cachexia and branched ‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice
Sex differences in chemotherapy-induced cachexia are linked to altered BCAA handling. AbstractChemotherapy is a major contributor to cachexia, but studies often investigate male animals. Here, we investigated whether sex modifies the effects of chemotherapy on cachexia and BCAA metabolism. Ten-week-old CD2F1 male and female mice were treated with the chemotherapy drug cocktail folfiri (50 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil, 90 mg/kg leucovorin, and 24 mg/kg CPT11) (drug) or vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. Insulin tolerance tests were conducted and BCAA levels and metabolism were measured in plasma and tissues. Drug treatment ...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Stephen Mora,
Gagandeep Mann,
Olasunkanmi A. J. Adegoke Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Inconsequential role for chemerin ‐like receptor 1 in the manifestation of ozone‐induced lung pathophysiology in male mice
AbstractWe executed this study to determine if chemerin-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), aGi/o protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes and non-leukocytes, contributes to the development of phenotypic features of non-atopic asthma, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to acetyl- β-methylcholine chloride, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Accordingly, we quantified sequelae of non-atopic asthma in wild-type mice and mice incapable of expressing CMKLR1 (CMKLR1-deficient mice) following cessation of acute inhalation exposure t o either filtered room air (air) or ozone ...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Richard A. Johnston,
Albert W. Pilkington IV,
Constance L. Atkins,
Theresa E. Boots,
Philip L. Brown,
William T. Jackson,
Chantal Y. Spencer,
Saad R. Siddiqui,
Ikram U. Haque Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reply to “letter to the editor: Measuring renal hemodynamics during exercise using Doppler ultrasound”
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Shotaro Kawakami,
Tetsuhiko Yasuno,
Saki Kawakami,
Ai Ito,
Kanta Fujimi,
Takuro Matsuda,
Shihoko Nakashima,
Kosuke Masutani,
Yoshinari Uehara,
Yasuki Higaki,
Ryoma Michishita Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Measuring renal hemodynamics during exercise using doppler ultrasound
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Christopher L. Chapman,
Rachel C. Drew,
John R. Halliwill,
Christopher T. Minson,
Zachary J. Schlader Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Niacin supplementation attenuates the regression of three ‐dimensional capillary architecture in unloaded female rat skeletal muscle
In this study involving adult female Sprague –Dawley rats, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CON), hindlimb unloading (HU), NA, and HU with NA supplementation (HU + NA). For a period of 2 weeks, the rats in the HU and HU + NA groups underwent HU, while those in the NA and HU + NA groups received NA (750 mg/kg) twice daily through oral administration. The results demonstrated that HU lowered capillary number, luminal diameter, and capillary volume, as well as decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity, slow fiber composition, and PGC-1α expression within the soleus muscle....
Source: Physiological Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Hao Lin,
Jihao Xing,
Han Pan,
Takumi Hirabayashi,
Noriaki Maeshige,
Ryosuke Nakanishi,
Hiroyo Kondo,
Hidemi Fujino Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Differential effects of cholecalciferol and calcitriol on muscle proteolysis and oxidative stress in angiotensin II ‐induced C2C12 myotube atrophy
Cholecalciferol exhibited beneficial roles, whereas calcitriol possessed the negative impact on skeletal muscle proteostasis in angiotensin II-induced muscle atrophy. AbstractRenin –angiotensin system activation contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy in aging individuals with chronic diseases. We aimed to explore the effects of cholecalciferol (VD3) and calcitriol (1,25VD3) on signaling of muscle proteolysis and oxidative stress in myotubes challenged with angiotensin II (AII). The mouse C2C12 myotubes were assigned to vehicle, AII, AII + VD3, AII + 1,25VD3, and AII + losartan groups. The expression levels...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Muthita Hirunsai,
Ratchakrit Srikuea Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Voluntary exercise fails to prevent metabolic dysfunction ‐associated steatotic liver disease progression in male rats fed a high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet
AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major public health issue with a worldwide prevalence of 30% –32%. In animal models, voluntary exercise may be an alternative to forced physical activity, avoiding stress, potential injuries, and being logistically simpler. Here, we assessed voluntary exercise (Vex) in Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 18 weeks to induce MASL D. We quantified workload (speed and distance) using exercise wheels and evaluated energy expenditure using calorimetric cages. MASLD progression was assessed using circulating and hepatic b...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Cl ément Besqueut‐Rougerie,
Vivien Chavanelle,
Arnaud Michaux,
Yolanda F. Otero,
Pascal Sirvent,
James A. King,
Gaël Ennequin Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Eight weeks of treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor blockade does not alter vascular function in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes
In conclusion, we found no effect of MR blockade endothelial function in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. As the individuals with type 2 diabetes did not have vascular dysfunction, these results might not apply to individuals with vascular dysfunction. (Source: Physiological Reports)
Source: Physiological Reports - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Stine H. Finsen,
Mie R. Hansen,
Pernille B. L. Hansen,
Stefan P. Mortensen Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Non ‐canonical IKB kinases regulate YAP/TAZ and pathological vascular remodeling behaviors in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) causes pulmonary vascular remodeling, increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and leading to right heart failure and death. Matrix stiffening early in the disease promotes remodeling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), contributing to PAH pathogenesis. Our research identified YAP and TAZ as key drivers of the mechanobiological feedback loop in PASMCs, suggesting targeting them could mitigate remodeling. However, YAP/TAZ are ubiquitously expressed and carry out diverse functions, necessitating a cell-specific approach. Our previous work demonstrated that tar...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Aja Aravamudhan,
Paul B. Dieffenbach,
Kyoung Moo Choi,
Patrick A. Link,
Jeffrey A. Meridew,
Andrew J. Haak,
Laura E. Fredenburgh,
Daniel J. Tschumperlin Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Physiological impacts of atmospheric pollution: Effects of environmental air pollution on exercise
AbstractIn this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in our understanding of the physiology of the air pollution and exercise. The key areas covered include the effect of exercise intensity, the effects of pre-exposure to air pollution, acclimation to air pollution, and the utility of masks during exercise. Although higher intensity exercise leads to an increase in the inhaled dose of pollutants for a given distance traveled, the acute effects of (diesel exhaust) air pollution do not appear to be more pronounced. Second, exposure to air pollution outside of exercise bouts seems to have an effect on exercise respo...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Michael Stephen Koehle Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research
Considerations on static pressure gradients in closed circulatory systems
AbstractSiphons are devices that transport liquids uphill between two containers. It has been proposed that a siphon principle operates in closed circulatory systems, as best exemplified by the circulation of blood in mammals. This principle is supposed to ensure that no additional work is necessary to pump blood above the level of the heart, and that there is no gravitational static pressure gradient in the column of blood. The first statement is correct, while we demonstrate that, ignoring hydraulic resistance to blood flow, the static pressure gradient is equal to the hydrostatic gradient in a siphon model of blood circ...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Nato Popara,
Denis Cvitkovi ć,
Marinko Vilić,
Selim Pašić Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Intramuscular injection of mesenchymal stem cells augments basal muscle protein synthesis after bouts of resistance exercise in male mice
AbstractSkeletal muscle mass is critical for activities of daily living. Resistance training maintains or increases muscle mass, and various strategies maximize the training adaptation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with differential potency in skeletal muscle cells and the capacity to secrete growth factors. However, little is known regarding the effect of intramuscular injection of MSCs on basal muscle protein synthesis and catabolic systems after resistance training. Here, we measured changes in basal muscle protein synthesis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy-lysosome system-related f...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Junya Takegaki,
Kohei Sase,
Yusuke Kono,
Takuya Fujita,
Satoshi Konishi,
Satoshi Fujita Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Examining the significance of arginine vasopressin release to elucidate the often multifactorial etiology of hypotonic hyponatremia: A novel criterion
AbstractClinical hyponatremia guidelines, protocols and flowcharts are a convenient means for clinicians to quickly establish an etiological diagnosis for hyponatremia, and facilitate its often complex analysis. Unfortunately, they often erroneously attribute multifactorial hyponatremia to a single cause, which is potentially dangerous. In this manuscript, a novel criterion is proposed to quickly determine the physiological relevance of non-osmotic arginine vasopressin (AVP) release, and to add nuance to hyponatremia analysis. While analyzing hypotonic hyponatremia, it is imperative to not only verify whether or not a cert...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Philip J. G. M. Voets Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Uncovering sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in disorders of consciousness via heart rate variability during head ‐up tilt test
AbstractFew standardized tools are available for evaluation of disorders of consciousness (DOC). The potential of heart rate variability (HRV) during head-up tilt (HUT) test was investigated as a complementary evaluation tool. Twenty-one DOC patients and 21 healthy participants were enrolled in this study comparing clinical characteristics and HRV time- and frequency-domain outcomes and temporal changes during HUT test. During the 1st –5th min of the HUT, DOC group showed a significant increase and decrease in log low frequency (LF) (p = 0.045) and log normalized high frequency (nHF) (p = 0.02), respectively, com...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Weiqiang Cai,
Xu Han,
Xinwei Tang,
Zuojun Cao,
Zi Yu,
Zuowen Sun,
Junfa Wu,
Yi Wu,
Hongyu Xie Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
