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Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - November 7, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: journals

Erratum to “Protective effects of Rosmarinus tomentosus ethanol extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats” [Phytomedicine 13 (2006) 101–108]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The publisher regrets to inform you of an error that occurred in a previous issue of this journal, [Phytomedicine 13 (1–2) (2006) 101] Accidentally, the name of one author of the paper “Protective effects of Rosmarinus tomentosus ethanol extract on the thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats”, M. Galisteo et al., [Phytomedicine 13 (2006) 101–108], was incorrectly stated. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - October 10, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M. Galisteo, A. Suárez, M.P. Montilla, M.I. Torres, A. Gil, M.C. Navarro Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

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(Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - October 10, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: journals

In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of a plant based antiarthritic and anticancer therapeutic agent Boswelic acids in rodentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The genotoxic potential of anti-inflammatory/anti-arthritic and anticancer plant based drug molecule Boswelic acids (BA) was studied by in vivo system. Systematic literature survey revealed that studies on the genotoxicity of BA are not available. Although reports on genotoxicity of Boswellia serrata dry extract and modified 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswelic acid are available and these studies were conducted in in vitro systems. The earlier general toxicity study of BA has been conducted by us, revealed it to be non toxic. The genotoxicity was carried out in Wistar rats using different cytogenetic assay system-abno...
Source: Phytomedicine - August 13, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: R. Sharma, S. Singh, G.D. Singh, A. Khajuria, T. Sidiq, S.K. Singh, G. Chashoo, S.S. Pagoch, A. Kaul, A.K. Saxena, R.K. Johri, S.C. Taneja Source Type: journals

Inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation by an extract of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was the evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of a red clover extract (RCE) used in food supplements for menopausal complaints as well as of its main isoflavones in an in vivo system, the chorioallantoic membrane assay of fertilized hen's eggs. At a dosage of 250μg/pellet the red clover extract showed excellent inhibition of angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activity of the non-methylated isoflavones daidzein and genistein was higher than that of the methylated compounds formononentin and biochanin A. The results demonstrate that RCE is not only suitable for menopausal complaints, but might al...
Source: Phytomedicine - August 10, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: L. Krenn, D.H. Paper Source Type: journals

Synergistic effect of phytochemicals in combination with hypoglycemic drugs on glucose uptake in myotubesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study analyses the effect of two plant phenolic compounds, namely chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, and a plant alkaloid, berberine, alone and also in combination with two commercial oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHD), namely metformin and 2,4-thiazolodinedione (THZ), on the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) by L6 myotubes. 2-DG uptake is determined using an enzymatic assay. All the three natural products enhance the uptake of 2DG in time- and dose-dependent manner. A combination of different concentrations of chlorogenic acid and metformin or THZ, has a synergistic effect in the uptake of 2DG with a maximum...
Source: Phytomedicine - August 7, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Mukesh Doble Source Type: journals

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This book is both potentially useful and peculiarly puzzling. It purports to be a lay guide to understanding and using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but it is not clear how the author thinks that lay people will be able to use the book. It contains descriptions of symptoms and syndromes, together with TCM treatments, but insufficient information is given to allow self-diagnosis by lay persons for most of the conditions discussed. It does, however, provide much information that could be fairly easily used at home, and more material that could help Western readers gain an understanding of some aspects of TCM that they ...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Charlotte Gyllenhaal Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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This book presents an interesting approach to regional herbal medicine – the utilization of locally available wild plants for self-limiting and self-treatable disorders. A do-it-yourself alternative to commercially available herbal remedies, this guide profiles 100 medicinal and edible plants, native and naturalized to the deserts of the southwestern United States. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: James Graham Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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Plants and animals (and the protists and fungi) are the life support systems of our planet. At least 1.5 million species of plants (about 270,000) and animals (about 1.3 million, the greater portion comprising the arthropods) have been named and taxonomically described. One question for anyone who studies plant and animal diversity, be it taxonomic study, ethnobotany, pharmacognosy, conservation, and ecotourism, among others, is a question on “how to identify” or “recognize” these species, especially, out in the field. Many such field guides for the identification of plants and animals, as well as other components ...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: D. Doel Soejarto Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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The rising cost of medicine and a greater acceptance by the Western society of herbal treatments have prompted more people to turn to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Healing Power of Chinese Herbs and Medicinal Recipes is a handbook that introduces TCM and describes specific herbs and medicinal recipes for ailments. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ivy Hsieh, Z. Jim Wang Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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The pomegranate is an ancient fruit that has been associated with many cultures since the ancient time. It was grown in Egypt about 10,000 years ago when agriculture just started. It was found in the Indus Valley so early that there is a word in Sanskrit for pomegranate. Indian royalty began their banquets with pomegranate, grape, and jujube. The pomegranate is also significant in Jewish tradition. It is said to have 613 seeds to represent the 613 commandments in the Torah. The image of the pomegranate was woven into the high priest's robes, and a brass representation was part of the ancient Temple's pillars. The pomegrana...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jenny J. Zhou Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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Psychoactive herbs play a significant role in the history of humankind. They participate in different aspects of life: in religion, diet, medicine, and recreation, affecting essentially all cultures and peoples in different geographical locations over the centuries. Yet, despite their presence, most discussion in popular journals is limited to the religious and recreational use, while the scientific and medicinal applications are reserved for the scholarly textbook. Even when they become subjects of scientific studies, most information often exists in isolation or is difficult to comprehend for all but well-versed scientis...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ivy Hsieh, Z. Jim Wang Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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Despite their importance, aloes suffer an identity problem. In Charles Dickens’ novel, “Martin Chuzzlewit”, the dubious Montague Tigg praises his more dubious companion, saying, ‘You are the American aloe of the human race, my dear Chiv, which only blooms once in a hundred years!’ Tigg encapsulates several enduring botanical misbeliefs in confusing aloes with agaves, or century plants (so-called because they bloom once after several years of life and then die). Agaves comprise a genus arising solely in the Americas, whereas the annual-flowering aloes are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian peninsula and ad...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ryan J. Huxtable Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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Ayurveda notes the author, is translated as the “science or knowledge of life.” The preface to this book introduces the reader to the historical and cultural context through which Ayurvedic medicine has evolved. The author, Dr. M.S. Premila, then amplifies the early written accounts of this ancient Indian medical discipline in Chapter 1 followed by an explanation of drug development and evaluation in India in Chapter 2, thereby providing a traditional-use context through which our modern system of pharmacological analysis is utilized to understand the potential of these plants. Dr. Premila notes that a practitioner tra...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Elizabeth C. Krause Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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Chicken soup was on the menu last week, not only because it is a nourishing meal for cold weather, but also because I was suffering an upper respiratory infection. My wife is well aware that chicken soup is the appropriate prescription for such a condition. As the Lawrence Review of Natural Products puts it (May 1998), “the infusion of selected parts of the common chicken Gallus domesticus … has long been recognized as an important part of the physician's armamentarium”. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ryan J. Huxtable Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

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The consumption of dietary supplements in the United States has risen markedly in the past decade since the passage of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). Under DSHEA the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements, and these regulations differ considerably from those governing drugs. Manufacturers of dietary supplements must be sure that product label information is truthful and not misleading, but efficacy is not a requirement for these products. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bei Jiang, Edward J. Kennelly Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: journals

Spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects of constituents from Hertia cheirifoliaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A sesquiterpenoid Bakkenolide (1), and two steroids, (3β, 22E)-Stigmasta-5, 22-diène-3-ol (Stigmasterol) (2) and stigmasterol 3β-glucoside (3), isolated from the Hertia cheirifolia (L.) chloroform extract, were evaluated respectively for their spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. We note that these natural products were isolated and purified for the first time from the specie Hertia cheirifolia. Their structures have been established by spectroscopy (1 and 2D NMR experiences) and mass spectrometry. Chloroform-, ethyl acetate- and methanol-extracts were also tested for their spasmolytic and anti-inflam...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Samia Ammar, Hayet Edziri, Mohamed Ali Mahjoub, Rym Chatter, Abderrahman Bouraoui, Zine Mighri Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil from aerial parts of Alpinia zerumbet and its main constituent 1,8-cineole in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Vasorelaxant effects of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) and its main constituent, 1,8-cineole (CIN) were studied. In rat isolated aorta preparations with intact endothelium, EOAZ (0.01–3000μg/ml) induced significant but incomplete relaxation of the phenylephrine-induced contraction, an effect that was abolished by removal of vascular endothelium. However, at the same concentrations (0.01–3000μg/ml corresponding to 0.0000647–19.5mM), CIN induced a complete vasorelaxant effects (IC50=663.2±63.8μg/ml) that were significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded rings (IC50=1620.6±35.7μg/ml). Neither E...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nilson V. Pinto, Ana Maria S. Assreuy, Andrelina N. Coelho-de-Souza, Vania M. Ceccatto, Pedro Jorge C. Magalhães, Saad Lahlou, José Henrique J.H. Leal-Cardoso Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Vasodilatory actions of xanthones isolated from a Tibetan herb, Halenia ellipticaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, six major xanthones, isolated and identified from Halenia elliptica were investigated for their vasodilatory actions in isolated rat coronary artery. The xanthones, including 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-xanthone (HM-1), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxy-xanthone (HM-2), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-xanthone (HM-3), 1,7-dihydroxy–2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-xanthone (HM-4), 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-xanthone (HM-5) and 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-xanthone (HM-7) caused vasodilation in the coronary artery pre-contracted with 1μM 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), with EC50 values ranging from 1.4±0.1μM (HM-1) to 6.6±1...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yan Wang, Jian-Gong Shi, Mu-Zou Wang, Chun-Tao Che, John H.K. Yeung Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Effects of a turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) on chronic ultraviolet B irradiation-induced skin damage in melanin-possessing hairless miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the effects of a turmeric extract on skin damage including changes in skin thickness and elasticity, pigmentation and wrinkling caused by long-term, low-dose ultraviolet B irradiation in melanin-possessing hairless mice. The extract (at 300 or 1000mg/kg, twice daily) prevented an increase in skin thickness and a reduction in skin elasticity induced by chronic UVB exposure. It also prevented the formation of wrinkles and melanin (at 1000mg/kg, twice daily) as well as increases in the diameter and length of skin blood vessels and in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Prevention of UVB-induced s...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Maho Sumiyoshi, Yoshiyuki Kimura Source Type: journals

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) purified polyphenol extract inhibits influenza virus and has a synergistic effect with oseltamivirEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, PPE inhibited the replication of human influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2) in vitro. Pomegranate extracts should be further studied for therapeutic and prophylactic potential especially for influenza epidemics and pandemics. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mehran Haidari, Muzammil Ali, Samuel Ward Casscells, Mohammad Madjid Source Type: journals

Indigowood root extract protects hematopoietic cells, reduces tissue damage and modulates inflammatory cytokines after total-body irradiation: Does Indirubin play a role in radioprotection?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Radix of Isatis indigotica (indigowood root, IR) has been used in traditional medicine for its potential anti-inflammatory effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the radioprotective effects of radiation caused damages in hematopoietic system and normal tissues in mice. A total of 57 BALB/c mice were randomized into six treatment groups: control, IR treatment (0.195, 0.585 and 1.170g/kg, p.o. daily), L-glutamine (0.520g/kg) and sham group. All mice except the sham group were irradiated and then administered for one week. The radioprotective effect on hematopoietic system, serum cytokines, and intestin...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Weir Chiang You, Wen Chuan Lin, Jia Tsz Huang, Chang Chi Hsieh Source Type: journals

Effects of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan induced inflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Firstly, the compositions of both samples were determined using HPLC. Then, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Paw volume was measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h after the injection of carrageenan. Intraperitoneal administration of both the extract and Pycnogenol® inhibited paw swelling dose-dependently at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h after carrageenan injection. Both samples exhibited significant ...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: I. Ince, O. Yesil-Celiktas, N.U. Karabay-Yavasoglu, G. Elgin Source Type: journals

Effects of Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) on the multidrug transporter ABCB1/P-glycoproteinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Devil's Claw may interact with the multidrug transporter ABCB1/P-gp, the effect not appearing strictly related to the harpagoside relative content. Modulation of both P-gp activity and P-gp expression by Devil's Claw raise the possibility of herb-drug interactions, to be further explored in depth. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia Romiti, Gianfranco Tramonti, Alessandro Corti, Elisabetta Chieli Source Type: journals

Anti-allergic effects of scoparone on mast cell-mediated allergy modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrated that scoparone attenuated IgE-mediated allergic response in mast cells. Oral administration of scoparone inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Presence of scoparone dose-dependently decreased histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) stimulated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. Moreover, scoparone reduced the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in RPMC. Pretreatment with scoparone inhibited the calcium uptake and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Furthermore, scoparone blocked transloc...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Y.H. Choi, G.H. Yan Source Type: journals

D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly – A randomized, placebo controlled double blind studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present study investigated whether the D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination Korodin® elevates blood pressure and enhances cognitive performance in the elderly population. Eighty women aged between 50 and 80 years were examined based on a randomized, placebo controlled double blind design. Blood pressure was measured sphygmomanometrically and through continuous noninvasive recording. Cognitive performance was assessed by means of two tests measuring general information processing capacity and visuomotor speed. The administration of the drug led to a short term increase in blood pressure as well as in...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Natalie S. Werner, Stefan Duschek, Rainer Schandry Source Type: journals

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Everything old is new again. At a time when the regulatory line between food and drug is increasingly blurred, and the marketing of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal products is at an all-time high, recognizing the differences between the plethora of products and preparations available to the consumer can be a daunting task. The author looks to the rich history of eclectic medicine, especially the writings of John Uri Lloyd, to help consumers and scientists make sense of the plant-based medicines – the variety of preparations and derivatives, including standardized extracts – available to consumers today....
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: James G. Graham Tags: Book Review Source Type: journals

Suppressive effects of swainsonine on C6 glioma cell in vitro and in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Swainsonine, an extract from Astragalus membranaceus, is known for its anti-cancer effects and could prevent metastases. In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swainsonine in C6 glioma cells, we carry out correlated experiments in vitro and in vivo. After treatment with swainsonine, the effective dose and IC50 value of swainsonine in the C6 glioma cell were examined using the MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rates were analyzed using FCM and [Ca2+]i was measured by LSCM. Expressions of p16 and p53 protein were evaluated by immunocytochemical methods. Simultaneously, glioma-bearing r...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ji-Yuan Sun, Hao Yang, Shan Miao, Ji-Peng Li, Si-Wang Wang, Miao-Zhang Zhu, Yan-Hua Xie, Jian-Bo Wang, Zhe Liu, Qian Yang Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

NF-κB inhibitory activity of cyclitols isolated from Hancornia speciosaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) is a Brazilian plant traditionally employed to treat inflammatory conditions, among other uses. The chemopreventive effect of an ethanol extract from H. speciosa leaves (EHS) was evaluated in a battery of in vitro tests [inhibition of aromatase, NF-κB and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), antioxidant response elements (ARE) induction and cell proliferation assays]. Bioassay-directed fractionation of EHS following by inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated NF-kB activation led to the isolation of the cyclitols quinic acid (1) (85.0±12.3μM) and l-(+)-bornesi...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Denise C. Endringer, John M. Pezzuto, Fernão C. F.C. Braga Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

The antitumoral, trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of extract and alkaloids isolated from Duguetia furfuraceaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The alkaloid extract and five alkaloids isolated from subterranean stem bark of Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae) were investigated for the following activities: antitumoral, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal. Dicentrinone showed weak cytotoxicity, but it had the strongest leishmanicidal activity (IC50 0.01μM). Duguetine and duguetine β-N-oxide caused considerable antitumoral activity in every cell lines evaluated, although duguetine was more active against trypomastigote forms (IC50 9.32μM) than other alkaloids tested. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: D.B. da Silva, E.C.O. Tulli, G.C.G. Militão, L.V. Costa-Lotufo, C. Pessoa, M.O. de Moraes, S. Albuquerque, J.M. de Siqueira Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Antifungal activity of tea tree oil from Melaleuca alternifolia against Trichophyton equinum: An in vivo assayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Dermatophytes are a group of keratinophilic and keratinolytic molds, some of which are responsible for ringworm. Among them Trichophyton equinum, which mostly infects equids, can cause extensive outbreaks in stud farms. The conventional treatment of equine trichophytosis is topic, based upon medicated shampoos to reduce the spread of infection among the animals. Nevertheless the popularity of phytotherapy is at an all-time peak, and the interest for natural alternatives or complements to conventional drug therapy is challenging both in human and veterinary field. Among herbal remedia Tea Tree Oil (TTO) shows a wi...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: F. Pisseri, A. Bertoli, S. Nardoni, L. Pinto, L. Pistelli, G. Guidi, F. Mancianti Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Synergy effects of the antibiotics gentamicin and the essential oil of Croton zehntneriEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The leaves of Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm (Euphorbiaceae) were subjected to hydrodistillation, and the essential oil extracted was examined with respect to antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity by gaseous contact. The gaseous component of the oil inhibited the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a MID of 0.5 and (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fabíola F.G. F.F.G. Rodrigues, José G.M. J.G.M. Costa, Henrique D.M. Coutinho Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Neuroprotective effects of an alkaloid-free ethyl acetate extract from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait. Against focal cerebral ischemia in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the inhibitory efficacy of ESF, which contain two major flavonoids kurarinone (45.5%) and sophoraflavone G (14.7%), in focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. After 1.5h of MCAO and 24h of reperfusion, the extent of neurological deficits and the infarct volume were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with carnosine (50mg/kg), as positive control ESF (20mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits. Treatment of human SH-SY5Y cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, decreas...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: S.J. Park, K.W. Nam, H.J. Lee, E.Y. Cho, U. Koo, W. Mar Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Ameliorative effects of arctiin from Arctium lappa on experimental glomerulonephritis in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the ameliorative effects of arctiin, a natural compound isolated from the fruits of Arctium lappa, on rat glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) were determined. After oral administration of arctiin (30, 60, 120mg/kgd) for three weeks, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-h urine protein content markedly decreased, while endogenous creatinine clearance rate (ECcr) significantly increased. The parameters of renal lesion, hypercellularity, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), fibrinoid necrosis, focal and segmental proliferation and...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-Guo J.-G. Wu, Jin-Zhong J.-Z. Wu, Lian-Na L.-N. Sun, Ting Han, Jian Du, Qi Ye, Hong Zhang, Yu-Guang Y.-G. Zhang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Paeonol from Paeonia suffruticosa prevents TNF-α-induced monocytic cell adhesion to rat aortic endothelial cells by suppression of VCAM-1 expressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the effect of paeonol on TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). The VCAM-1 expression in paeonol treated RAECs was measured. Paeonol inhibited TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. TNF-α induced p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activities that contributed to VCAM-1expression was obviously attenuated after pre-treating RAECs with paeonol. The decrease of VCAM-1 expression by paeonol pretreatment led to a reduction of monocytes adhesion to RAECs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that paeonol in...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: L.L. Pan, M. Dai Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Protective activity of plicatin B against human LDL oxidation induced in metal ion-dependent and -independent processes. Experimental and theoretical studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study plicatin B appeared to exhibit a mixed mechanism, interfering with the formation of the radicals by chelating copper involved in the initiation/propagation reaction, but also by scavenging free hydroperoxyl radicals resulting from ABAP thermolysis. In addition, theoretical analysis indicated that plicatin B preferentially established the chelating complex with Cu2+, because its affinity value is notably higher (by a factor of 5) than that for Cu+. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: G. Turchi, G. Alagona, V. Lubrano Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii on ERα and p53 expression in two human breast cancer cell linesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to discover possible differential cytotoxicity of triptolide towards estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 versus estrogen-insensitive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Considering that MCF-7 cells express functional Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and wild-type p53, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells which are ERα-negative express mutant p53, the anti-proliferation effect of triptolide on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were examined, the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest caused by triptolide were investigated, ERα and p53 expression were also observed in this paper. The results showed that the anti-prolifer...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jing Liu, Zhenzhou Jiang, Jingwei Xiao, Yun Zhang, Sensen Lin, Weigang Duan, Jincheng Yao, Chunhui Liu, Xin Huang, Tao Wang, Zhongliang Liang, Rongrong Wang, Shuang Zhang, Luyong Zhang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Eugenol, the principal chemical component of clove oil from Eugenia aromatica has been long known for its analgesic, local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The interaction of the eugenol with ten different hydrophobic and hydrophilic antibiotics was studied against five different Gram negative bacteria. The MIC of the combination was found to decrease by a factor of 5–1000 with respect to their individual MIC. This synergy is because of the membrane damaging nature of eugenol, where 1mM of its concentration is able to damage nearly 50% of the bacterial membrane. Eugenol was also able to...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: S. Hemaiswarya, M. Doble Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Modulating effect of Hesperidin on experimental murine colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodiumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Hesperidin, a flavanone-type flavonoid, is abundant in citrus fruit and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Here we investigated the effect of Hesperidin on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Sulfasalazine (positive control) and Hesperidin in doses of 10, 40 and 80mg/kg were administered orally once a day for 7 days, beginning concurrently with exposure to DSS. The symptom of ulcerative colitis was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI) and the wet weight of colon. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the levels of interleukin-4 ...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lei Xu, Zhong-lin Z.-l. Yang, Ping Li, Yong-qiang Zhou Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Modulation of in vitro murine B-lymphocyte response by curcuminEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Curcumin is a phenolic natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (tumeric). It was previously described that curcumin had a potent anti-inflammatory effect and inhibited the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the response of normal murine splenic B cells. Curcumin inhibited the proliferative response of purified splenic B cells from BALB/c mice stimulated with the Toll-like receptor ligands LPS and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. LPS-induced IgM secretion was also inhibited by curcumin. The proliferative response induc...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: D. Decoté-Ricardo, K.K.F. Chagas, J.D.B. Rocha, P. Redner, U.G. Lopes, J.C. Cambier, L. Barros de Arruda, L.M.T. Peçanha Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

The protective efficacy of magnolol in hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We investigated the protective effects of magnolol, an active antioxidant and free radical scavenger extracted from Magnolia officinalis, in a hind limb ischemic-reperfusion animal model. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were subjected to hind limb ischemic insult for 2 hours and were intravenously treated with magnolol at 0.01mg/kg (n=8), 0.3mg/kg (n=8)mg/kg or 1mg/kg (n=8)mg/kg, or vehicle (n=8). At 24h post-insult, the levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the degree of muscle damage, were assessed. Relative to controls, animals treated with magnolol (0.3 an...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hung-Yi Chen, Yu-Chang Hung, E-Jian Lee, Tsung-Ying Chen, I-Chuan Chuang, Tian-Shung Wu Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Hypoglycemic effect of the total flavonoid fraction from Folium EriobotryaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The antidiabetic effect of the total flavonoids fraction from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (EJF) was evaluated through normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with graded oral doses of 150, 300, 450mg/kg for 7 days or 14 days. The result showed that the dose of 300mg/kg and 450mg/kg resulted significant hypoglycemic effect on normal mice, the dose of 300mg/kg induced significant decrease in plasma glucose concentration (PGC), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and serum insulin level in streptozot...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: H. Lü, J. Chen, W.L. Li, B.R. Ren, J.L. Wu, H.Q. Zhang Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

In vitro anti-herpetic activity of an aqueous extract from the plant Phyllanthus orbicularisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the Cuban-endemic plant Phyllanthus orbicularis H.B.K. against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) reference strains and clinical isolates with different sensitivities to acyclovir. The inhibitory activity on Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication was also investigated. The selectivity indexes (SI) found for Ph. orbicularis aqueous extract ranged from 8.7 to 37.6. Studies on the antiviral mechanisms involved revealed that the drug acted at early stages of herpesvirus replication, possibly by producing a virucidal effect, although further inhib...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ángel L. A.L. Álvarez, Gloria del Barrio, Vivian Kourí, Pedro A. Martínez, Belén B. Suárez, Francisco Parra Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis for quality control of Rhizoma Coptidischinensis based on UPLC-PAD combined with chemometrics methodsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study revealed that UPLC-PAD method was simple, sensitive and reliable for quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis, moreover, for the quality evaluation and control of Rhizoma Coptidis. (Source: Phytomedicine)
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wei-Jun Kong, Yan-Ling Zhao, Xiao-He X.-H. Xiao, Cheng Jin, Zu-Lun Li Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Biological effects of THC and a lipophilic cannabis extract on normal and insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to determine the effect of a lipophilic cannabis extract on adipogenesis, using 3T3-L1 cells, and to measure its effect on insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant adipocytes. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and differentiated over a 3 day period for all studies. In the adipogenesis studies, differentiated cells were exposed to the extract in the presence and absence of insulin. Lipid content and glucose uptake was subsequently measured. Insulin-induced glucose uptake increased, while the rate of adipogenesis decreased with increasing THC con...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M. Gallant, F. Odei-Addo, C.L. Frost, R.-A. Levendal Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Rosa damascena Mill. flowers on α-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and diabetic ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The effect of a methanol extract of Rosa damascena Mill. flowers was studied, in comparison to the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, in normal and diabetic rats. The inhibition mode of this extract was examined by measuring enzyme activity in different concentrations of substrate for Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis. The results show that Rosa damascena extract has an intensive inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Its inhibition was found to be noncompetitive. Oral administration of this plant extract (100 to 1000mg/kg body wt.) significantly decreased blood glucose after maltose loading in normal and diabetic ra...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: A. Gholamhoseinian, H. Fallah, F. Sharifi far Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Anti-allergic principles of Rhinacanthus nasutus leavesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Three naphthoquinone derivatives, rhinacanthin-C (1), -D (2) and -N (3) were isolated from the extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus Kurz leaves and were tested for anti-allergic effect. The result indicated that all three compounds possessed very potent anti-allergic activity against antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release as a marker of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells with IC50 values of 6.9, 8.9 and 6.4μM, respectively. In addition, the effects of rhinacanthin-C, -D and -N on antigen-induced release of TNF-α and IL-4 were also examined. It was found that rhinacanthin-C showed the most potent on antigen-induced TN...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Supinya Tewtrakul, Pimpimon Tansakul, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Antinociceptive and hypothermic evaluation of the leaf essential oil and isolated terpenoids from Eugenia uniflora L. (Brazilian Pitanga)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), known as Brazilian cherry tree, is a fruity tree spread all over Brazil used in popular medicine to treat inflammations, rheumatic pain and fever, as hypoglycemic, diuretic and has been widely used in the cosmetics industry. The present study discusses the chemical composition, the antinociceptive and hypothermic profile of the essential oil of pitangueira leaves. The chemical composition was evaluated by GC-MS and the main constituent of the oil was characterized, after isolation, as a mixture of atractylone (1) and 3-furanoeudesmene (2). The essential oil, its pentane fraction a...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ana Carolina L. Amorim, Cleverton Kleiton F. Lima, Ana Maria C. Hovell, Ana Luisa P. Miranda, Claudia M. Rezende Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals

Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and BT-483 breast cancer cells mediated by down-regulation of NFκB, cyclinD and MMP-1 transcriptionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Curcumin, an active constituent of turmeric, has been shown to possess inhibitory effect of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis towards a board range of tumors. Cell inhibition activities of curcumin are behaved differently in various cell types. To investigate the mechanism basis for the cell inhibition of curcumin on breast cancer cell lines, we examine curcumin effect on NFκB, cell cycle regulatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and BT-483). Cell proliferation was performed by water soluble tetrazolium WST-1 assay. The effect of curcumin's o...
Source: Phytomedicine - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Q. Liu, Wings T.Y. Loo, S.C.W. Sze, Y Tong Tags: Original Papers Source Type: journals