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The Relative Importance of Provider, Program, School, and Community Predictors of the Implementation Quality of School-Based Prevention ProgramsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Previous research has demonstrated the importance of a variety of factors on the implementation of school-based prevention programs, specifically characteristics of program providers, program structure, school climate, and school and community structure. The current study expands this research by examining the potential relationships between all of these factors and implementation quality in a series of multilevel models. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 3,730 program providers surveyed in 544 schools, it was found that program structure characteristics were of greater importanc...
Source: Prevention Science - November 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

An Experimental Evaluation of the All Stars Prevention Curriculum in a Community After School SettingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tested the effectiveness of a prevention curriculum, All Stars, as implemented in a year-long school-based after school program and provides an independent replication of the effects of All Stars on targeted mediators and problem behaviors using an experimental methodology. Middle school students (N = 447) who registered for the after school program were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. The sample included approximately equal proportions of males and females, was 70% African American, and 59% of the students received subsidized meals at school. All Stars was delivered with reas...
Source: Prevention Science - October 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Profiles of Protection from Substance Use among AdolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore whether adolescents (N = 10,287) could be classified into homogeneous subgroups based on their protective factors and, if so, whether these constellations of protection differentially relate to adolescents’ lifetime and 30-day alcohol and tobacco use. Latent class analysis with eight protective factors—four internal and four external—were used to identify the underlying latent class structure. Five profiles of protection emerged: Adequate Protection (54%), Adequate External Protection (9%), Adequate Protection with Low Adult Communication (16%), Adeq...
Source: Prevention Science - October 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Promoting a Positive Transition to Parenthood: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Couple Relationship EducationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The transition to parenthood is often associated with a decline in couple relationship adjustment. Couples (n = 71) expecting their first child were randomly assigned to either: (a) Becoming a Parent (BAP), a maternal parenting education program; or (b) Couple CARE for Parents (CCP), a couple relationship and parenting education program. Couples were assessed pre-intervention (last trimester of pregnancy), post-intervention (5 months postpartum), and follow-up (12 months postpartum). Relative to BAP, CCP reduced negative couple communication from pre- to post-intervention, and prevented...
Source: Prevention Science - October 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Erratum to: The Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND) Dissemination Trial: Implementation Fidelity and Immediate OutcomesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0155-8Authors Louise Ann Rohrbach, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Research 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit #8 Alhambra CA 91803 USAMelissa Gunning, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Research 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit #8 Alhambra CA 91803 USAPing Sun, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Resea...
Source: Prevention Science - October 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Circle of Life: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Results of an HIV Prevention Intervention Among Young American Indian Adolescents of the Northern PlainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the rationale, methodology, and baseline results of a longitudinal randomized trial of Circle of Life conducted among American Indian youth aged 11–15 in a reservation community. The innovative design includes two pre-intervention waves to determine patterns of behavior prior to the intervention that might be associated with a differential impact of the intervention on sexual risk. We used one-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests to test for significant differences between randomized group assignment at each baseline wave and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test significant differences ...
Source: Prevention Science - October 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Three-Year Trajectory of Teachers’ Fidelity to a Drug Prevention CurriculumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Little is known about the trajectories over time of classroom teachers’ fidelity to drug prevention curricula. Using the “Concerns-Based Adoption Model” (C-BAM) as a theoretical framework, we hypothesized that teachers’ fidelity would improve with repetition. Participants comprised 23 middle school teachers who videotaped their administration of three entire iterations of the All Stars curriculum. Investigators coded two key curriculum lessons, specifically assessing the proportion of activities of each lesson teachers attempted and whether they omitted, added, or changed prescribed content,...
Source: Prevention Science - September 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Methods for Recruiting Men of Color Who Have Sex with Men in Prevention-for-Positives InterventionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially MSM of color, are disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS compared to heterosexuals and Caucasians. Nonetheless, fewer sexual and ethnic minorities participate in prevention interventions for people with HIV. We consider recruitment for Positive Connections, a randomized controlled trial comparing unsafe sex prevention interventions primarily for HIV-positive (HIV+) MSM in six US epicenters. One community-based organization (CBO) in each city recruited adult MSM, particularly men of color and HIV+. Recruitment methods included on-line and print advertising...
Source: Prevention Science - September 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Socio-Demographic Variability in Adolescent Substance Use: Mediation by Parents and PeersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Publisher's ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0145-xAuthors Jing Wang, Institute of Child Health and Human Development Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National 6100 Building Room 7B13 MSC 7510 Bethesda MD 20892-7510 USABruce G. Simons-Morton, Institute of Child Health and Human Development Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National 6100 Building Room 7B13 MSC 7510 Bethesda MD 20892-7510 USATilda Farhat, Institute of Child Healt...
Source: Prevention Science - September 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

The Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND) Dissemination Trial: Implementation Fidelity and Immediate OutcomesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract One of the important research issues in the emerging area of research on dissemination of prevention programs relates to the type and extent of training needed by program providers to prepare them to implement effective programs with fidelity. The present paper describes the immediate outcomes of a dissemination and implementation trial of Project Toward No Drug Abuse, an evidence-based prevention program for high school students. A total of 65 high schools in 14 school districts across the USA were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: comprehensive implementation...
Source: Prevention Science - September 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Preventing Drug Abuse Among Adolescent Girls: Outcome Data from an Internet-Based InterventionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study developed and tested an Internet-based gender-specific drug abuse prevention program for adolescent girls. A sample of seventh, eighth, and ninth grade girls (N = 236) from 42 states and 4 Canadian provinces were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All girls completed an online pretest battery. Following pretest, intervention girls interacted with a 12-session, Internet-based gender-specific drug prevention program. Girls in both groups completed the measurement battery at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Analysis of posttest scores revealed no differences between groups for 30-day repo...
Source: Prevention Science - September 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Emotion Regulation, Coping and Alcohol Use as Moderators in the Relationship Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Psychological DistressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to examine whether coping skills, emotion regulation and alcohol use moderate the relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury. Two hundred eighty-nine young adults completed self-report questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Of the sample, 47.4% reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury. Adaptive coping strategies protected those who were psychologically distressed from severe self-injury. However for those who reported greater distress, this protective effect was negated by heavy alcohol use. Coping skills training may serve to protect young people from ...
Source: Prevention Science - August 25, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Diffusion of School-Based Prevention Programs in Two Urban Districts: Adaptations, Rationales, and Suggestions for ChangeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the adaptations made by experienced health teachers as they implemented the programs, the elicitation of suggested adaptations to the curricula from student and teacher stakeholders, and the evaluation of the consistency of these suggested adaptations with the core components of the programs. Data sources include extensive classroom observations of curricula delivery and interviews with students, teachers, and program developers. All health teachers made adaptations, primarily with respect to instructional format, integration of real-life experiences into the curriculum, and supplementation with additional...
Source: Prevention Science - August 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

R-rated Movie Viewing, Growth in Sensation Seeking and Alcohol Initiation: Reciprocal and Moderation EffectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The current study employed parallel process and discrete time hazard regressions to examine the interplay among exposure to R-rated movies, sensation seeking, and initiation of alcohol use in a national U.S. sample (N = 6255) of adolescents, ages 10–14, who were followed over four waves spanning 2 years. There was a short-term reciprocal relation between watching R-rated movies and sensation seeking, but over the 2-year observation period, exposure to R-rated movies was associated with increases in sensation seeking and not vice versa. Sensation seeking also moderated the effect of watchi...
Source: Prevention Science - August 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Effects of Alcohol Use Initiation Patterns on High-Risk Behaviors among Urban, Low-Income, Young AdolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined associations between patterns of alcohol use initiation and progression from age 12 to 14 years and recent cigarette and marijuana use, and violent and delinquent behavior at age 14. The study sample (n = 2,193) was predominantly African American or Hispanic (43% and 37%, respectively) and low-income (68% receiving free, or reduced price, lunch). They completed classroom-based surveys when in 6th–8th grades. Multilevel latent class analyses were used to identify the heterogeneous alcohol use trajectories. Linear and logistic mixed-effects regression was then used to examine the associatio...
Source: Prevention Science - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Enhancing Coparenting, Parenting, and Child Self-Regulation: Effects of Family Foundations 1 Year after BirthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0142-0Authors Mark E. Feinberg, The Pennsylvania State University Prevention Research Center S-109 Henderson Building University Park PA 16802 USAMarni L. Kan, Risk Behavior and Family Research, RTI International P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USAMegan C. Goslin, The Pennsylvania State University Prevention Research Center S-109 Henderson Building University Park PA 16802 USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science)
Source: Prevention Science - July 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Socio-Demographic Variability in Adolescent Substance Use: Mediation by Parents and PeersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The current study examined socio-demographic variability in adolescent substance use and the mediating roles of maternal knowledge, paternal knowledge and peer substance use. The data were obtained from the United States records (N = 8,795) of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2005/2006 Survey, in grades 6 through 10. The analyses employed multiple indicator multiple cause and structural equation models. Adolescent substance use was measured by frequencies of alcohol use, being drunk, and cigarette and marijuana use in the past month. Peer influence had a direct influence on adolescent ...
Source: Prevention Science - July 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

The Benefits of Booster Interventions: Evidence from a Family-Focused Prevention ProgramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Booster effects have been reported in few prevention and treatment studies. However, as noted by Eyberg et al. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 544–554 (1998), there has been no adequate random-assignment test of booster effects to address the basic question of whether boosters increase effects over initial intervention. The present study addresses this question by randomly assigning 196 families to a booster intervention (SAFEChildren II) and comparing effects 1 year after that intervention with families who had been assigned to the initial intervention only (SAFEChildren I). Bo...
Source: Prevention Science - June 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Latent Class Analysis of Lifestyle Characteristics and Health Risk Behaviors among College YouthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this research was to examine behavioral patterning in weight behaviors (diet and physical activity), substance use, sexual behavior, stress, and sleep among undergraduate students. Health survey data were collected among undergraduates attending a large, public US university (n = 2,026). Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous, mutually exclusive “classes” (patterns) of ten leading risk behaviors. Resulting classes differed for males and females. Female classes were defined as: (1) poor lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep), yet low-risk behaviors (e.g., smoking, binge drink...
Source: Prevention Science - June 5, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Confirmed Recall and Perceived Effectiveness of Tobacco Countermarketing Media in Rural YouthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was the first to examine rural youth’s responses to ten television and radio tobacco countermarketing ads aired during a 13-week field campaign conducted in a U.S. Northern Plains state. A post-campaign survey of 391 girls and boys aged 12–17 years and including 58 American Indian youth provided information about their confirmed recall (CR) of the ads; and for recalled ads, their ratings of the ads’ perceived effectiveness (PE). Results were that controlling for age and smoking risk, both American Indian and white girls and boys had the highest CR for the television ad Artery and for the radio ad ...
Source: Prevention Science - June 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Maternal Influence on Adolescent Self-Esteem, Ethnic Pride and Intentions to Engage in Risk Behavior in Latino YouthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationship between ethnic pride, self-esteem and adolescent intentions to smoke cigarettes and engage in sexual intercourse. It also explored the influence of maternal levels of ethnic pride and self-esteem as indirect predictors of adolescent risk intentions. Middle school youth were randomly selected from six schools in the Bronx, NY. A total of 1,538 adolescents and their mothers were recruited. Mothers completed self-administered questionnaires about self-esteem and ethnic pride. Adolescents completed self-administered questionnaires about their intentions to engage in risk behaviors, as w...
Source: Prevention Science - May 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Analysis and Influence of Demographic and Risk Factors on Difficult Child BehaviorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This descriptive study examined the distribution of risk factors in a sample that was selected on the basis of existing potential for difficult child behaviors. We inquired into whether exposure to risk factors was distributed equally across different contexts of ethnicity, locality, and child gender. Participants included 731 mother–child dyads recruited from WIC Programs in rural, suburban, and urban localities. Cumulative risk indices were constructed using neighborhood, family, and individual risk factors. The findings generally revealed that African American children and children in urban loc...
Source: Prevention Science - May 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Regression Mixture Models of Alcohol Use and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Criminally-Involved AdolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Adolescents involved with the criminal justice system engage in high levels of both risky sexual behavior and alcohol use. Yet a strong relationship between the two constructs has not been consistently observed, possibly due to heterogeneity in the data. Regression mixture models were estimated in the current study to address such potential heterogeneity. Criminally-involved adolescents (n = 409) were clustered into latent classes based on patterns of the regression of two measures of risky sexual behavior, condom use and frequency of intercourse, on alcohol use. A three-class solution emerged w...
Source: Prevention Science - May 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

The Attitudes of Females in Drug Court Toward Additional Safeguards in HIV Prevention ResearchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article examines the attitudes of 97 women from the St. Louis City Drug Court who previously participated in an HIV prevention study. Data from the previous study indicated that the women met multiple criteria for vulnerability in research. Federal regulations require that such participants be provided with “additional safeguards.” The survey explored the following questions: (1) What are participants’ attitudes toward commonly proposed additional safeguards for vulnerable participants in research, and (2) Are attitudes toward safeguards related to participants’ previous compliance with an HIV prevention p...
Source: Prevention Science - May 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Preventing Youths’ Use of Inhalants and Other Harmful Legal Products in Frontier Alaskan Communities: A Randomized TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tests for the efficacy of a school-based drug prevention curriculum (Think Smart) that was designed to reduce use of Harmful Legal Products (HLPs, such as inhalants and over-the-counter drugs), alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among fifth- and sixth-grade students in frontier Alaska. The curriculum consisted of 12 core sessions and 3 booster sessions administered 2 to 3 months later, and was an adaptation of the Schinke life skills training curriculum for Native Americans. Fourteen communities, which represented a mixture of Caucasian and Alaska Native populations in various regions of the state, were ...
Source: Prevention Science - May 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

An Adaptive Approach to Family-Centered Intervention in Schools: Linking Intervention Engagement to Academic Outcomes in Middle and High SchoolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the impact of an adaptive approach to family intervention in public schools on academic outcomes from age 11 to 17. Students were randomly assigned to the three-session Family Check-Up (FCU), which is designed to motivate change in parenting practices by using an assessment-driven approach and strengths-based feedback. All services were voluntary, and approximately 25% of the families engaged in the FCU. Compared with matched controls, adolescents whose parents received the FCU maintained a satisfactory GPA into high school, and intervention engagement was associated with improved attendance. The h...
Source: Prevention Science - April 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Relationship Between Neighborhood Context, Family Management Practices and Alcohol Use Among Urban, Multi-ethnic, Young AdolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined relationships between alcohol-related neighborhood context, protective home and family management practices, and alcohol use among urban, racial/ethnic minority, adolescents. The sample comprised 5,655 youth who were primarily low SES (72%), African American (43%) and Hispanic (29%). Participants completed surveys in 2002–2005 (ages 11–14 years). Items assessed alcohol use, accessibility of alcohol at home and parental family management practices. Neighborhood context measures included: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) commercial alcohol accessibility; (3) alcohol advertisement exposure; and (4) per...
Source: Prevention Science - April 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Enhancing Coparenting, Parenting, and Child Self-Regulation: Effects of Family Foundations 1 Year after BirthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated whether a psycho-educational program with modest dosage (eight sessions), delivered in a universal framework through childbirth education programs and targeting the coparenting relationship would have a positive impact on observed family interaction and child behavior at 6-month follow-up (child age 1 year). One hundred sixty-nine couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped family observation tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and at child age 1 year (2003–2007). Coparenting, parenting, couple relationship, and child self-regulatory behavio...
Source: Prevention Science - April 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Integrated Gender-Based Violence and HIV Risk Reduction Intervention for South African Men: Results of a Quasi-Experimental Field TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract South Africa is in the midst of one of the world’s most devastating HIV/AIDS epidemics and there is a well-documented association between violence against women and HIV transmission. Interventions that target men and integrate HIV prevention with gender-based violence prevention may demonstrate synergistic effects. A quasi-experimental field intervention trial was conducted with two communities randomly assigned to receive either: (a) a five session integrated intervention designed to simultaneously reduce gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV risk behaviors (N = 242) or (b) a single 3-hour alco...
Source: Prevention Science - April 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Evaluating Mediation in Longitudinal Multivariate Data: Mediation Effects for the Aban Aya Youth Project Drug Prevention ProgramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study illustrates a method to evaluate mediational mechanisms in a longitudinal prevention trial, the Aban Aya Youth Project (AAYP). In previous studies, interventions of AAYP were found to be effective in reducing the growth of violence, substance use and unsafe sex among African American adolescents. In this article, we hypothesized that the effects of the interventions in reducing the growth of substance use behavior were achieved through their effects in changing intermediate processes such as behavioral intentions, attitudes toward the behavior, estimates of peers’ behaviors, best friends’ behaviors, and...
Source: Prevention Science - March 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Antibullying Programs in Schools: How Effective are Evaluation Practices?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Bullying is a problem for schools around the world, and is an important topic for research because it has been associated with negative outcomes on numerous social, psychological, and academic measures. Antibullying prevention and intervention programs have varied greatly in their outcomes, with some studies reporting positive results while others have reported little or no positive impacts. Prompted by accountability demands, many agencies have developed standards with which to assess whether social programs are effective. Antibullying program evaluations have not been systematically reviewed to de...
Source: Prevention Science - March 6, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Individual and Contextual Effects of School Adjustment on Adolescent Alcohol UseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This paper examines the effect of a student’s own school adjustment as well as the contextual level of school adjustment (the normative level of school adjustment among students in a school) on students’ self-reported use of alcohol. Using a dataset of 43,465 male and female 8th grade students from 349 schools across the contiguous United States who participated in a national study of substance use in rural communities between 1996 and 2000, multilevel latent covariate models were utilized to disentangle the individual-level and contextual effects of three school adjustment variables (i.e., scho...
Source: Prevention Science - February 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Threats of Cross-Contamination on Effects of a Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention: Fact or FictionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sought to empirically evaluate the extent and impact of cross-contamination on the effects of a STI/HIV intervention trial previously shown to be effective in reducing high-risk sexual behaviors among African–American adolescent females. Participants were recruited through community health agencies in the Southeastern United States and comprised 522 sexually active 14- to 18- year-old African–American females who completed self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews at baseline, 6- and 12-month time points. Participants were randomized to a STI/HIV risk reduction group or a general healt...
Source: Prevention Science - February 25, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Evaluating Mediators of the Impact of the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) Multimodal Preventive Intervention on Substance Use Initiation and Growth Across AdolescenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Substance use outcomes were examined for 351 youth participating in a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a school-based multimodal universal preventive intervention, Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT). Frequency of any use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs was assessed via self-report from grades 5 through 12. Latent variable growth models specified average level, linear growth and accelerated growth. The LIFT intervention had a significant effect on reducing the rate of growth in use of tobacco and illicit drugs, particularly for girls, and had an o...
Source: Prevention Science - February 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Does the Type of CIA Policy Significantly Affect Bar and Restaurant Employment in Minnesota Cities?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Clean indoor air (CIA) policies that include free-standing bars and restaurants have been adopted by communities to protect employees in all workplaces from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, most notably employees working in restaurants and free-standing bars. However, due to the perception of negative economic effects on alcohol-licensed hospitality businesses, partial CIA policies (those that provide an exemption for free-standing bars) have been proposed as a means to reduce the risk of economic effects of comprehensive CIA policies applied to all worksites. Bar and restaurant employment p...
Source: Prevention Science - January 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Educational Success and Adult Health: Findings from the Chicago Longitudinal StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the role school factors play in the emergence of poor young adult health outcomes for a low-income, minority sample. The following research questions are addressed. First, what are the education-based predictors of daily tobacco smoking, frequent substance use, depression, and no health insurance coverage? Second, do later-occurring school factors explain the association between earlier school measures and the outcomes and, if so, what pathways account for this mediation effect? Data were derived from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, an investigation of a cohort of 1,539 individuals, born around 198...
Source: Prevention Science - January 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The U.S. Triple P System Population TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3Authors Ronald J. Prinz, University of South Carolina Psychology Department Columbia SC 29208 USAMatthew R. Sanders, University of Queensland Brisbane AustraliaCheri J. Shapiro, University of South Carolina Psychology Department Columbia SC 29208 USADaniel J. Whitaker, Georgia State University Atlanta GA USAJohn R. Lutzker, Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA Journal Prevention S...
Source: Prevention Science - January 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Do Predictors of the Implementation Quality of School-Based Prevention Programs Differ by Program Type?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Research has indicated that the effectiveness of school-based prevention programs is affected by the implementation quality of these programs. As the importance of implementation has become clear, researchers have identified factors that appear to be related to implementation quality, including local program selection and training, integration into school operations, organizational capacity, principal support, and program standardization; however, it is unknown whether the impact of these factors differs by program type. Data from a nationally representative sample of 544 schools are used to create ...
Source: Prevention Science - December 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Using Online Components to Facilitate Program Implementation: Impact of Technological Enhancements to All Stars on Ease and Quality of Program DeliveryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The ease with which programs can be delivered may impact sustainability, fidelity, and ultimately program effectiveness in a dissemination environment. This paper presents results from a study examining the ability of technological enhancements to make it easier for teachers to deliver All Stars, an evidence-based drug prevention program. These enhancements were designed to save time for teachers, produce improvements in quality of delivery, and provide features to increase students’ involvement. Results of a randomized field trial revealed that teachers who used the enhancements found it easier t...
Source: Prevention Science - December 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Efficacy of the Chicago Parent Program with Low-Income African American and Latino Parents of Young ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tested the efficacy of a 12-session parent training program, the Chicago Parent Program (CPP), which was developed in collaboration with African American and Latino parents. Using growth curve modeling, data were analyzed from 253 parents (58.9% African American, 32.8% Latino) of 2–4 year old children enrolled in seven day care centers serving low-income families. Day care centers were matched and randomly assigned to intervention and waiting-list control conditions. At 1-year follow-up, intervention group parents used less corporal punishment and issued fewer commands with their children. Interv...
Source: Prevention Science - December 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Comparisons of Prevention Programs for Homeless YouthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract There are six HIV prevention programs for homeless youth whose efficacy has been or is currently being evaluated: STRIVE, the Community Reinforcement Approach, Strengths-Based Case Management, Ecologically-Based Family Therapy, Street Smart, and AESOP (street outreach access to resources). Programs vary in their underlying framework and theoretical models for understanding homelessness. All programs presume that the youths’ families lack the ability to support their adolescent child. Some programs deemphasize family involvement while others focus on rebuilding connections among family members. The...
Source: Prevention Science - December 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Pubertal Timing, Friend Smoking, and Substance Use in Adolescent GirlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The influence of friend substance use on the association between pubertal timing and substance use has received little consideration in the literature. With a sample of 264 female adolescents (11–17 years), this study examined (a) the relationship between pubertal timing and substance use, (b) the impact of number of friends that smoke cigarettes on adolescents’ use of three substances (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), and (c) the interactions between pubertal timing and friends’ smoking in predicting individual substance use. Results showed a significant relationship between pubertal...
Source: Prevention Science - December 10, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Using Behavioral and Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Effects of a Preventive Intervention: A Preliminary Study with Preschool-Aged Foster ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The current study was designed to explore the use of behavioral (i.e., accuracy and reaction times) and electrophysiological measures (i.e., event-related potentials) to assess the impact of a family-based preventive intervention for preschool-aged, maltreated children in foster care. These measures were recorded during a computerized flanker task designed to assess cognitive control and response monitoring. The sample was recruited from a larger randomized efficacy trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (MTFC-P) and included foster children assigned to the intervention con...
Source: Prevention Science - November 23, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Psychosocial Mediators of a School-Based Tobacco Prevention Program in India: Results from the First Year of Project MYTRIEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Each day in India, an estimated 5,500 youth initiate tobacco use, contributing to predictions that by 2020, tobacco will account for 13% of all deaths in India. Project MYTRI (Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco-Related Initiatives in India) is a multi-component school-based intervention designed to prevent and reduce tobacco use among adolescents in Delhi and Chennai, India. The intervention was implemented over the 2004–2006 school years and involved 6th and 8th grade students in 32 classrooms. Students participated in peer-led classroom activities involving games, competitions, and other activities in...
Source: Prevention Science - November 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Altering School Climate through School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Findings from a Group-Randomized Effectiveness TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicated that changes in school organizational health are important consequences of the PBIS whole-school prevention model, and may in turn be a potential contextual mediator of the effect of PBIS on student performance. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-008-0114-9Authors Catherine P. Bradshaw, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence 624 N. Broadway Baltimore MD 21205 USAChristine W. Koth, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Center for the Preve...
Source: Prevention Science - November 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

A General Model for Testing Mediation and Moderation EffectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract This paper describes methods for testing mediation and moderation effects in a dataset, both together and separately. Investigations of this kind are especially valuable in prevention research to obtain information on the process by which a program achieves its effects and whether the program is effective for subgroups of individuals. A general model that simultaneously estimates mediation and moderation effects is presented, and the utility of combining the effects into a single model is described. Possible effects of interest in the model are explained, as are statistical methods to assess these e...
Source: Prevention Science - November 12, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

The Prevalence of Evidence-Based Drug Use Prevention Curricula in U.S. Middle Schools in 2005Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the results of a survey, conducted in 2005, of a nationally representative sample of 1,721 schools with middle school grades. Respondents comprised the staff member in the school identified as most knowledgeable about the school’s drug prevention programs. The total response rate was 78%. Respondents answered questions concerning which drug use prevention curricula they used, and, if they used more than one, which one they used the most frequently. Three federally-sponsored registries were used to specify which curricula were considered evidence-based. Findings from 2005 were then compared to earlier estim...
Source: Prevention Science - November 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Pathways from Parental Knowledge and Warmth to Adolescent Marijuana Use: An Extension to the Theory of Planned BehaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Despite research indicating that effective parenting plays an important protective role in adolescent risk behaviors, few studies have applied theory to examine this link with marijuana use, especially with national data. In the current study (N = 2,141), we hypothesized that parental knowledge (of adolescent activities and whereabouts) and parental warmth are antecedents of adolescents’ marijuana beliefs—attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—as posited by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen 1991). These three types of beliefs were hypothesized to predict mari...
Source: Prevention Science - November 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Among Youth of Mexican HeritageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the applicability of extending the theory of planned behavior to explain the normative processes in substance use among Mexican-heritage youth. The theory identifies norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control as predictors of intentions, which in turn, predict behaviors. To date, the theory had a limited conceptualization of norms and had not been extended to youth of Mexican descent, one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. population and one at particular risk for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Based on norm focus theory, it was hypothesized that norms are multidimensional, c...
Source: Prevention Science - November 6, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals

The NIfETy Method for Environmental Assessment of Neighborhood-level Indicators of Violence, Alcohol, and Other Drug ExposureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes a model approach for epidemiologic assessment of suspected environmental determinants of violence, alcohol and other drug (VAOD) exposure and fills this gap in current research. The investigation sought to test the feasibility of a systematic and longitudinal assessment of residential block characteristics related to physical and social disorder and indicators of VAOD exposure. Planometric data were used to establish a stratified random sample of street segments within defined neighborhoods of an urban metropolitan area. Field rater assessments of these neighborhood street segments were conducted ...
Source: Prevention Science - October 18, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Prevention Science Source Type: journals