Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Evaluation of the carotid artery stenosis based on minimization of mechanical energy loss of the blood flow
Background: Internal carotid artery stenosis requires an accurate risk assessment for the prevention of stroke. Although the internal carotid artery area stenosis ratio at the common carotid artery bifurcation can be used as one of the diagnostic methods of internal carotid artery stenosis, the accuracy of results would still depend on the measurement techniques. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel method to estimate the effect of internal carotid artery stenosis on the blood flow based on the concept of minimization of energy loss. Methods: Eight internal carotid arteries from different medical centers were d...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Sia, S. F., Zhao, X., Li, R., Zhang, Y., Chong, W., He, L., Chen, Y. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effect of socks structures on plantar dynamic pressure distribution
In this study, seven socks types with different structures for the sole area were produced. The Gaitview® AFA-50 system, a force plate, was used to measure the plantar dynamic pressure of 10 participants. The barefoot plantar dynamic pressure distribution was compared with the plantar dynamic pressure distribution with socks by two independent samples test on various zones of the foot and on different genders using SPSS software. Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine specific significant differences. The obtained results showed that the main trend was to redistribute the plantar dynamic pressure from the high...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Soltanzadeh, Z., Shaikhzadeh Najar, S., Haghpanahi, M., Mohajeri-Tehrani, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Clamping of fine Kirschner wires in external fixators
In Ilizarov circular (ring) external fixators, fine Kirschner wires are used to fix the bone to the fixator. Clamping of the wires to the rings with different bolt torques has been studied. However, the relation between the bolt torque and the fixation load applied to the wire was not investigated. In this work, finite element method is used to address this problem. Here, a fully three-dimensional model of the wire fixation assembly was built, with geometric details like threads on the bolt to produce a realistic simulation of the clamping of the wire. Both cannulated and slotted bolt types were studied and values of 0.2, ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zamani, A. R., Oyadiji, S. O. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The effect of ankle posture on the load pathway through the hindfoot
In this study, the positions of the bones of the foot–ankle complex (particularly, the hindfoot) were quantified over a range of postures. Computed tomography scans were taken of a male cadaveric leg under axial loading with the ankle in five postures in which fractures are commonly reported. The difference in the location of the talus and calcaneus between the neutral and each repositioned posture was quantified, and substantial rotations and displacements were observed for all postures tested (talus: 3°–21.5°, 1.5–10.5 mm; calcaneus: 10°–20°, 1.5–24.5 mm). Strains were also r...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Smolen, C., Quenneville, C. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical effects of angular stable locking in intramedullary nails for the fixation of distal tibia fractures
This study tested the hypothesis that intramedullary nails with angular stable interlocking screws would have increased construct stiffness, reduced fracture gap movement and enhanced fatigue failure compared to nails with conventional locking having the same diameter. Biomechanical experiments were performed on 24 human cadaveric tibiae which obtained a distal fracture and were fixed by three different techniques: conventional locking with 8- and 10-mm-diameter nails and angular stable locking with 8-mm nails. Stiffness of the implant–bone construct and movement of the fragments were tested under axial loading and t...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Augat, P., Hoegel, F., Stephan, D., Hoffmann, S., Buehren, V. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

PEEK-OPTIMA™ as an alternative to cobalt chrome in the femoral component of total knee replacement: A preliminary study
In this study, the potential to use injection moulded PEEK-OPTIMA™ as an alternative to cobalt chrome in the femoral component of a total knee replacement was investigated in terms of its wear performance. Experimental wear simulation of three cobalt chrome and three PEEK-OPTIMA™ femoral components articulating against all-polyethylene tibial components was carried out under two kinematic conditions: 3 million cycles under intermediate kinematics (maximum anterior-posterior displacement of 5 mm) followed by 3 million cycles under high kinematic conditions (anterior-posterior displacement 10 mm). The wear of the...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Cowie, R. M., Briscoe, A., Fisher, J., Jennings, L. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Finite element modelling of sound transmission from outer to inner ear
This study highlights the importance of external auditory meatus in the sound transmission. The pressure gain is calculated for the external auditory meatus. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine)
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Areias, B., Santos, C., Natal Jorge, R. M., Gentil, F., Parente, M. P. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Electrospun nanofibre bundles and yarns for tissue engineering applications: A review
Nanofibre membranes produced through the electrospinning process have been studied extensively over the past decade for a number of high demand applications including use as tissue engineered scaffolds. Despite possessing desirable properties including high surface area to volume ratios and enhanced mechanical properties, they ultimately suffer from a lack of cellular infiltration. Variations on the process include the production of highly aligned filaments of electrospun fibres referred to as bundles and yarns. Nanofibre bundle and yarn-based scaffolds have been shown to demonstrate superior cell infiltration rates compar...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: OConnor, R. A., McGuinness, G. B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Muscle-tendon unit scaling methods of Hill-type musculoskeletal models: An overview
This article gives an overview of the state of the art in scaling methods of generic Hill-type muscle model parameters in view of different applications and implementation of experimental data. This article establishes the requirements used to alter a generic model toward subject-specific musculoskeletal models. This article aims to improve model transparency by a structured description of scaling methods and the associated limitations in musculoskeletal models and highlight the importance of selecting a scaling method supporting the purpose of the model. (Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Par...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Heinen, F., Lund, M. E., Rasmussen, J., de Zee, M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Biomechanical analysis of a novel hemipelvic endoprosthesis during ascending and descending stairs
In this study, the biomechanical characteristic of a newly developed adjustable hemipelvic prosthesis under dynamic loading conditions was investigated using explicit finite element method. Both intact and reconstructed pelvis models, including pelvis, femur and soft tissues, were established referring to human anatomic data using a solid geometry of a human pelvic bone. Hip contact forces during ascending stairs and descending stairs were imposed on pelvic models. Results showed that maximum von Mises stresses in reconstructed pelvis were 421.85 MPa for prostheses and 109.12 MPa for cortical bone, which were still within ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Liu, D., Hua, Z., Yan, X., Jin, Z. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Design and virtual evaluation of a customized surface-guided knee implant
This study aimed to define the design features for a customized surface-guided total knee replacement and to evaluate the kinematic outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging data of the knee joint are used to generate the design features as they relate to the functionality of the implant. The motion is guided by considering a partial ball and socket configuration on the medial condyle and varying radii of curvature on the lateral articulating surface. A virtual simulation of the behavior of the surface-guided total knee replacement was performed to investigate the motion patterns of this total knee replacement under gait and sq...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Pejhan, S., Bohm, E., Brandt, J.-M., Wyss, U. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A motion compensation method for bi-plane robot-assisted internal fixation surgery of a femur neck fracture
Bi-plane robots have been widely applied in clinical use to place cannulated screws for internal fixation surgery of femur neck fractures, which is performed precisely and automatically using two online fluoroscopic images. However, the setup procedure of the bi-plane robot is empirical, and physicians usually have to re-run the setup procedure, exposing the patient to high doses of radiation in clinical applications. In this article, a motion compensation method is proposed by a novel use of the binocular vision principle to improve the bi-plane robot setup using two doses of radiation within 2 min. The entry point, exit ...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Song, J., Ding, H., Han, W., Wang, J., Wang, G. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A computer-aided system for automatic extraction of femur neck trabecular bone architecture using isotropic volume construction from clinical hip computed tomography images
Hip fractures due to osteoporosis are increasing progressively across the globe. It is also difficult for those fractured patients to undergo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans due to its complicated protocol and its associated cost. The utilisation of computed tomography for the fracture treatment has become common in the clinical practice. It would be helpful for orthopaedic clinicians, if they could get some additional information related to bone strength for better treatment planning. The aim of our study was to develop an automated system to segment the femoral neck region, extract the cortical and trabecular bone...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Vivekanandhan, S., Subramaniam, J., Mariamichael, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The effects of musculoskeletal loading regimes on numerical evaluations of acetabular component
This study attempts to analyse the influence of three different loading regimes representing a gait cycle, on numerical evaluations of acetabular component. Patient-specific computer tomography scan-based models of intact and resurfaced pelvises were used. One such loading regime consisted of the second load case that corresponded to peak hip joint reaction force. Whereas the other loading regime consisted of the second and fifth load cases, which corresponded to peak hip joint reaction force and peak muscle forces, respectively. The third loading regime included all the eight load cases. Considerable deviations in peri-ac...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Mukherjee, K., Gupta, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effects of a drill diameter on the temperature rise in a bone during implant site preparation under clinical conditions
Heat, generated during the drilling of a dental implant site preparation, leads to a temperature rise and consequently to a thermal injury of the bone tissue surrounding the implant site, which can cause the subsequent implant failure. In this article, we present new findings related to the temperature rise during implant site drilling under real conditions on a bovine rib bone specimen. The experiments were designed with the help of a full-factorial design in randomized complete blocks, where the main effects of the drill diameter in combination with the drilling force and the drilling speed, and their interactions, on th...
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - September 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Bogovic, V., Svete, A., Bajsic, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research