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Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - September 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: journals

The biosynthesis of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), a putative endocannabinoid and endovanilloid, via conjugation of arachidonic acid with dopamineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is an endogenous ligand that activates the cannabinoid type 1 receptor and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel. Two potential biosynthetic pathways for NADA have been proposed, though no conclusive evidence exists for either. The first is the direct conjugation of arachidonic acid with dopamine and the other is via metabolism of a putative N-arachidonoyl tyrosine (NA-tyrosine). In the present study we investigated these biosynthetic mechanisms and report that NADA synthesis requires TH in dopaminergic terminals; however, NA-tyrosine, which we identify here as a...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sherry Shu-Jung Hu, Heather B. Bradshaw, Valery M. Benton, Jay Shih-Chieh Chen, Susan M. Huang, Alberto Minassi, Tiziana Bisogno, Kim Masuda, Bo Tan, Robert Roskoski, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Vincenzo Di Marzo, J. Michael Walker Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The EP1 subtype of prostaglandin E2 receptor: Role in keratinocyte differentiation and expression in non-melanoma skin cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We have previously demonstrated that the EP1 subtype of PGE2 receptor is expressed in the differentiated compartment of normal human epidermis and is coupled to intracellular calcium mobilization. We therefore hypothesized that the EP1 receptor is coupled to keratinocyte differentiation. In in vitro studies, radioligand binding, RT-PCR, immunoblot and receptor agonist-induced second messenger studies demonstrate that the EP1 receptor is up-regulated by high cell density in human keratinocytes and this up-regulation precedes corneocyte formation. Moreover, two different EP1 receptor antagonists, SC51322 and AH6809...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: R.L. Konger, S.D. Billings, N.C. Prall, T.M. Katona, S.C. DaSilva, C.R.J. Kennedy, S. Badve, S.M. Perkins, P.T. LaCelle Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

No association between the PPARG gene and schizophrenia in a British populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: It has consistently been reported that patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. To investigate a genetic link between these two diseases, the combined effects of the PLA2G4A, PTGS2 and PPARG genes were tested among 221 British nuclear families consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with schizophrenia. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested and the likelihood-based association analysis for nuclear families was used to analyse the genotyping data. Eight SNPs detected across the PPARG gene did not show allelic association with schizophrenia; a we...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Aditi Mathur, Matthew H. Law, Tayebeh Hamzehloei, Ian L. Megson, Duncan J. Shaw, Jun Wei Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Long-chain n-3 fatty acid levels in baseline serum phospholipids do not predict later occurrence of depressive episodes: A nested case-control study within a cohort of middle-aged French men and womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study does not support the hypothesis of a predictive value of n-3 PUFA status for depression in population settings. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pierre Astorg, Sandrine Bertrais, Jean-Marc Alessandri, Philippe Guesnet, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Alain Linard, Marie-Sylvie Lallemand, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Novel plasma phospholipid biomarkers of autism: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a putative causative mechanismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Autism is a neurological disorder that manifests as noticeable behavioral and developmental abnormalities predominantly in males between the ages of 2 and 10. Although the genetics, biochemistry and neuropathology of this disease have been extensively studied, underlying causal factors to this disease have remained elusive. Using a longitudinal trial design in which three plasma samples were collected from 15 autistic and 12 non-autistic age-matched controls over the course of 1 year, universal and unambiguous alterations in lipid metabolism were observed. Biomarkers of fatty acid elongation and desaturation (pol...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Élodie E. Pastural, Shawn Ritchie, Yingshen Lu, Wei Jin, Amir Kavianpour, Khine Khine Su-Myat, Doug Heath, Paul L. Wood, Maura Fisk, Dayan B. Goodenowe Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of prostaglandin D2 on Na-dependent phosphate transport activity and its intracellular signaling mechanism in osteoblast-like cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport probably represents an important function of bone-forming cells in relation to extracellular matrix mineralization. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on Pi transport activity and its intracellular signaling mechanism in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. PGD2 stimulated Na-dependent Pi uptake time- and dose-dependently in MC3T3-E1 cells during their proliferative phase. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C partially suppressed the stimulatory effect of PGD2 on Pi uptake. The selective inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) ...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shogo Asano, Atsushi Suzuki, Sahoko Sekiguchi, Keiko Nishiwaki-Yasuda, Megumi Shibata, Mitsuyasu Itoh Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Omega-3 consumption and sudden cardiac death in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: People with schizophrenia show a two- to three-fold increased risk to die prematurely. Mortality is accounted for by a combination of factors (patients’ life style, suicide, premature cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndromes and, not so often mentioned, sudden death). The cause of sudden death in schizophrenia is unknown, but cardiac arrhythmia plays a potential role. Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and some antipsychotics may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events (e.g., electrocardiograph QT interval prolongation), suggesting that this could lead to sudden...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fulvio A. Scorza, Roberta M. Cysneiros, Vera C. Terra, Carla A. Scorza, Esper A. Cavalheiro, Miriam O. Ribeiro, Wagner F. Gattaz Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Society NewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: ISSFAL Society Section Source Type: journals

Workshop on DHA as a required nutrient: OverviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Early recognition of the importance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in brain, neural, and visual development, prompted professional bodies to establish dietary recommendations for pregnant women and term and preterm infants. More recent studies show that supplemental DHA can play an important role in reducing the risk for certain age-related diseases. Data from nationwide surveys suggest that the average intake of DHA by US adults is considerably lower than levels suggested by researchers to sustain baseline nutritional status and to achieve the beneficial and protective effects of DHA. The Workshop on DHA as a Req...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Leila G. Saldanha, Norman Salem, J. Thomas Brenna Tags: Summary Source Type: journals

Evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency as a preventable risk factor for recurrent affective disorders: Current status, future directions, and dietary recommendationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Major recurrent affective disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, represent a growing public health crisis in the United States. Evidence from cross-national and cross-sectional epidemiological surveys, comparative peripheral and central composition studies, and placebo-controlled intervention trials suggest that n-3 fatty acid deficiency may contribute to the pathoaetiology of affective disorders. These data are reviewed with the objective of estimating a daily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) intake value that is projected to be efficacious in mitigating vulnerability. It i...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Robert K. McNamara Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Omega-3 fatty acids and dementiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: More than a dozen epidemiological studies have reported that reduced levels or intake of omega-3 fatty acids or fish consumption is associated with increased risk for age-related cognitive decline or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased dietary consumption or blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear protective for AD and other dementia in multiple epidemiological studies; however, three studies suggest that the ApoE4 genotype limits protection. DHA is broadly neuroprotective via multiple mechanisms that include neuroprotective DHA metabolites, reduced arachidonic acid metabolites, and inc...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Greg M. Cole, Qiu-Lan Ma, Sally A. Frautschy Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Cellular and molecular events mediated by docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 signaling in photoreceptor cell survival and brain protectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Deficiency in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with impaired visual and neurological postnatal development, cognitive decline, macular degeneration, and other neurodegenerative diseases. DHA is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl chain concentrated in phospholipids of brain and retina, with photoreceptor cells displaying the highest content of DHA of all cell membranes. The identification and characterization of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1, 10R, 17S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid) contributes in understanding the biological significance of DHA. In oxidative stress-challenged human ret...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Nicolas G. Bazan Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cardiovascular disease risk factorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Numerous epidemiological and controlled interventional trials have supported the health benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in the form of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) from fish and fish oils as well as from algal sources. The beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and related mortality including various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (particularly lowering circulating triglyceride levels and the triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio) have been observed in the absence of any concomitant blood cholesterol lowering. With appropriate dosages, consis...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Bruce J. Holub Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Cardiovascular disease prevention and treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The incidence of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (sudden cardiac death (SCD), myocardial infarction, others) varies, depending on conventional risk factors. However, in Western countries, like the US or Germany, incidences of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease are far higher than in countries like Japan. In the present article, these differences are discussed and related to eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5omega-3 or C20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6omega-3; DHA). Dietary intake of EPA and DHA and a number of other factors determine levels of EPA and DHA in an individual—best assessed...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Clemens von Schacky Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Dietary docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid: Emerging mediators of inflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The inflammatory response is designed to help fight and clear infection, remove harmful chemicals, and repair damaged tissue and organ systems. Although this process, in general, is protective, the failure to resolve the inflammation and return the target tissue to homeostasis can result in disease, including the promotion of cancer. A plethora of published literature supports the contention that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in particular, are important modulators of a host's inflammatory/immune responses. The following...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Robert S. Chapkin, Wooki Kim, Joanne R. Lupton, David N. McMurray Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Considerations regarding neuropsychiatric nutritional requirements for intakes of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acidsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: During pregnancy, a n-3 HUFA intake of 0.40en% (900mg/d/2000Cal) from seafood is likely to meet the nutritional requirements for 97.5% of the mothers and children of this population. These considerations do not constitute DRI's for docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 HUFAs, but may contribute to their formulation. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Joseph R. Hibbeln, John M. Davis Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Docosahexaenoic acid and lactationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews data addressing the impact of different DHA intakes by lactating women on infant and maternal outcomes to determine if available data are sufficient to estimate optimal breast milk DHA content and estimate dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for DHA by breast-feeding mothers. Results of published observational studies and interventional trials assessing the impact of maternal DHA intake (or breast milk DHA content) on infant visual function, neurodevelopment, and immunologic status were reviewed. Studies related to the potential impact of DHA intake on depression or cognitive function of lactating women a...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Craig L. Jensen, Alexandre Lapillonne Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Is there a dietary requirement for DHA in pregnancy?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The metabolic demand for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) is increased during pregnancy because of the extra needs of the fetus, expanded maternal cell mass and placenta. In Western countries maternal dietary DHA intake in pregnancy is low and it is not clear whether adaptive metabolic mechanisms, such as increased DHA synthesis from precursor fatty acids, are capable of meeting the increased DHA need in pregnancy. Consequently randomized controlled trials are important to determine whether additional dietary DHA in pregnancy modifies maternal or infant health outcomes. The available randomized comparisons of...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Maria Makrides Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

The essentiality of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: When dosed appropriately, fish oil-based lipid emulsions contain sufficient EFAs to prevent EFAD. Furthermore, AA and DHA alone may be the true EFAs. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hau D. Le, Jonathan A. Meisel, Vincent E. de Meijer, Kathleen M. Gura, Mark Puder Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Does dietary DHA improve neural function in children? Observations in phenylketonuriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) have a restricted protein intake and thus low dietary intakes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), which may cause subtle neurological deficits. We measured plasma phospholipid fatty acids and visual evoked potential (VEP) in 36 children with well-controlled PKU (6.3±0.6 years, 19 girls), before and after 3 months of supplementing fish oil capsules providing 15mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/kg daily. The motometric Rostock-Oseretzky Scale (ROS) was performed before and after supplementation in the 24 PKU children aged >4 years. VEP latencies and ROS were also as...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Berthold Koletzko, Skadi Beblo, Hans Demmelmair, Wolfgang Müller-Felber, Fabienne L. Hanebutt Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Toward optimizing vision and cognition in term infants by dietary docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid supplementation: A review of randomized controlled trialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The question of whether a dietary supply of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) imparts advantages to visual or cognitive development in term infants has been debated for many years. DHA and ARA are present in human milk, and nursing infants consume these fatty acids needed for rapid synthesis of cell membranes, particularly neural cells. The reported mean DHA and ARA levels of human milk worldwide are 0.32% and 0.47% of total fatty acids, respectively. Prior to 2002 in the US, formula-fed infants did not receive these fatty acids and relied solely on endogenous conversion of the dietary essenti...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dennis R. Hoffman, Julia A. Boettcher, Deborah A. Diersen-Schade Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Reevaluation of the DHA requirement for the premature infantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) intake in preterm infants is crucial for normal central nervous system development and has the potential for long-lasting effects that extend beyond the period of dietary insufficiency. While much attention has focused on improving their nutritional intake, many premature infants do not receive an adequate DHA supply. We demonstrate that enterally fed premature infants exhibit daily DHA deficit of 20mg/kg.d, representing 44% of the DHA that should have been accumulated. Furthermore, the DHA content of human milk and current preterm formulas cannot compensate for...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alexandre Lapillonne, Craig L. Jensen Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

DHA status of vegetariansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Preformed DHA in the diet of omnivores explains the relatively higher proportion of this fatty acid in blood and tissue lipids compared with vegetarians. The pathophysiological significance of this difference remains to be determined. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Thomas A.B. Sanders Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Docosahexaenoic acid: Measurements in food and dietary exposureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were established to be an indicator of adequacy of dietary nutrients as well as providing levels for adequacy in reducing risk of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, etc. One particular nutrient that is increasingly discussed as a potential candidate for the generation of a DRI is the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) due to its potential benefits in reducing risk for cardiovascular disease, role in resolution of inflammation, its importance in cognitive function in infants and inhibiting t...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jay Whelan, Lisa Jahns, Katherine Kavanagh Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Toxicology and safety of DHAEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, DHA consumption does not result in consistent adverse events in infants or adults. Safe intake levels may be modeled on DHA intake from human milk in infants, and may be at least as high as the upper doses studied in adults. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Eric L. Lien Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Can the rat liver maintain normal brain DHA metabolism in the absence of dietary DHA?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: While DHA is essential to normal brain function, this need might be covered by dietary α-LNA when liver metabolic conversion machinery is intact and the diet has a high α-LNA content. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Stanley I. Rapoport, Miki Igarashi Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Biomarkers of DHA statusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is a long chain omega-3 fatty acid that is the primary n-3 fatty acid found in the central nervous system where it plays both a structural and functional role in cells. Because the tissues of interest are generally inaccessible for fatty acid analysis in humans and because precise DHA intake is difficult to determine, surrogate biomarkers are important for defining DHA status. Analysis of total lipid extracts or phospholipids from plasma or erythrocytes by gas chromatography meet the criteria for a useful biomarker of DHA status. Furthermore, both plasma and erythrocyte DHA lev...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Connye N. Kuratko, Norman Salem Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid but not arachidonic acid influences central nervous system fatty acid status in baboon neonatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) on infant central nervous system (CNS) composition has implications for neural development, including vision, cognition, and motor function. We consider here combined results of three published studies of DHA/AA-containing formulas and breastfeeding to evaluate the CNS tissue response of baboon neonates with varied concentration and duration of DHA/AA consumption [G.Y. Diau, A.T. Hsieh, E.A. Sarkadi-Nagy, V. Wijendran, P.W. Nathanielsz, J.T. Brenna, The influence of long chain polyunsaturate supplementation on docosahe...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Andrea T. Hsieh, J. Thomas Brenna Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Dietary reference intakes for DHA and EPAEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Various organizations worldwide have made dietary recommendations for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and fish intake that are primarily for coronary disease risk reduction and triglyceride (TG) lowering. Recommendations also have been made for DHA intake for pregnant women, infants, and vegetarians/vegans. A Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), specifically, an Adequate Intake (AI), has been set for α-linolenic acid (ALA) by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of The National Academies. This amount is based on an intake that supports normal growth and neural development and results in no nutrien...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Jessica A. Grieger, Terry D. Etherton Tags: Papers Source Type: journals

Workshop proceedings: DHA As A Required NutrientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This special issue of Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids presents papers emerging from a June 2008 workshop focused on the scientific evidence for Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) As An Required Nutrient in the human diet. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - August 24, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: J. Thomas Brenna, Norman Salem Tags: Introduction Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - July 31, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: journals

Project DyAdd: Fatty acids in adult dyslexia, ADHD, and their comorbid combinationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In project DyAdd, we compared the fatty acid (FA) profiles of serum phospholipids in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n=26), dyslexia (n=36), their comorbid combination (n=9), and healthy controls (n=36). FA proportions were analyzed in a 2×2 design with Bonferroni corrected post hoc comparisons. A questionnaire was used to assess dietary fat quality and use of supplements. Results showed that ADHD and dyslexia were not associated with total saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, or n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). However, those with ADHD had elevated proportions of total n-6 PUFAs (inc...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Marja Laasonen, Laura Hokkanen, Sami Leppämäki, Pekka Tani, Arja T. Erkkilä Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Project DyAdd: Fatty acids and cognition in adults with dyslexia, ADHD, or bothEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia are suggested to co-occur with altered fatty acid (FA) metabolism, but it is unknown how FAs are associated with the cognitive domains that characterize these disorders. In the project DyAdd, we investigated the associations between FAs in serum phospholipids and phonological processing, reading, spelling, arithmetic, executive functions, and attention. Healthy controls (n=36), adults with ADHD (n=26), dyslexia (n=36), or both (n=9) were included in the study. FAs included saturated, monounsaturated, total polyunsaturated, n-3, and n-6 FAs, togethe...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Marja Laasonen, Laura Hokkanen, Sami Leppämäki, Pekka Tani, Arja T. Erkkilä Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report the modulatory effect of spice active principles viz., eugenol, capsaicin, piperine, quercetin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde and allyl sulphide on in vitro human platelet aggregation. We have demonstrated that spice active principles inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists, namely ADP (50μM), collagen (500μg/ml), arachidonic acid (AA) (1.0mM) and calcium ionophore A-23187 (20μM). Spice active principles showed preferential inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation compared to other agonists. Among the spice active principles tested, eugenol and capsaicin are foun...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: R.H. Raghavendra, K. Akhilender Naidu Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Gi-coupled prostanoid receptors are the likely targets for COX-1-generated prostanoids in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) behaves as a delayed response gene in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). To investigate the possible targets for COX-1 generated prostanoids in the early stages of neuronal differentiation, we have examined the expression of prostanoid receptors by PC12 cells using functional assays. Prostanoid receptor-specific agonists failed to activate adenylyl cyclase in undifferentiated and NGF-treated PC12 cells; neither did they stimulate phospholipase C activity. EP3 receptor agonists and PGF2α were the only active ligands, able to inhibit forskolin-stimulate...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: H.S. Yung, Kevin B.S. Chow, K.H. Lai, H. Wise Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and brain white matter anisotropy in recent-onset schizophrenia: A preliminary studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Brain white matter myelin abnormalities and cell membrane fatty acid abnormalities have been implicated in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We investigated in young adults with a psychotic disorder (n=12) whether (poly)unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in erythrocyte membranes are related to an MRI measure of brain white matter, which depends on the degree of myelination. A significant correlation was found between total (poly)unsaturated fatty acid concentration and fractional anisotropy of a fronto-temporal white matter tract (r=0.503, P=0.048). Unsaturated fatty acids may be necessary for the...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: B.D. Peters, M. Duran, E.J. Vlieger, C.B. Majoie, G.J. den Heeten, D.H. Linszen, L. de Haan Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Activation of the antioxidant response element by specific oxidized metabolites of linoleic acidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Linoleic acid is required for normal mammalian health and development, but is also prone to oxidation, yielding metabolites with biological effects. We screened linoleic acid, other fatty acids, and some of their derivatives and found that an epoxy-keto derivative of linoleic acid (but neither linoleic acid itself nor others of its oxidation products) strongly activates the antioxidant response element (ARE) in IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells and cerebro-cortical neurons. The active compound, 12,13-epoxy-9-keto-10(trans)-octadecenoic acid (EKODE), induces the expression of ARE-regulated cytoprotective genes such as NQ...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rui Wang, Jonathan T. Kern, Theodore L. Goodfriend, Dennis L. Ball, Hendrik Luesch Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Malnutrition promotes prostaglandin over leukotriene production and dysregulates eicosanoid-cytokine crosstalk in activated resident macrophagesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the effect of malnutrition on macrophage production of cytokines, prostaglandins (PGs), and leukotrienes (LTs). Using either LPS or calcium ionophore A23187 as a stimulus, macrophages from the malnourished mice produced a 3-fold higher PG/LT ((PGE2+6-keto-PGF1α)/(LTB4+cysteinyl leukotrienes)) ratio than macrophages from well-nourished mice. LPS-stimulated macrophages from the malnourished mice produced decreased levels of TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-10, but similar levels of IL-6 and NO compared to well-nourished mice. A complex crosstalk between the eicosanoids and cytokines in the LPS-stimulate...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: G.M. Anstead, Q. Zhang, P.C. Melby Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is gender specific—Redefining platelet response to fish oilsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to determine gender specific responses in the efficacy of LCn-3 PUFA to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. Blood was analyzed for collagen-induced platelet aggregation following pre-incubation with LCn-3 PUFA in healthy adults (n=42). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was significantly more effective in reducing platelet aggregation compared with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). When grouped by gender, this differential pattern was followed in males only. In females, DHA, DPA and EPA were all equally effective. Between group analyses (LCn-3 PUFA vs. gender) showed th...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Melinda Phang, Manohar L. Garg, Andrew J. Sinclair Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The effects of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 deletion in acute cardiac ischemia in miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The goal of the present study was to assess how genetic loss of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) affects acute cardiac ischemic damage after coronary occlusion in mice. Wild type (WT), heterozygous (mPGES-1+/−), and homozygous (mPGES-1−/−) knockout mice were subjected to left coronary artery occlusion. At 24h, myocardial infarct (MI) volume was measured histologically. Post-MI survival, plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and cardiac troponin-I, together with MI size, were similar in WT, mPGES-1+/− and mPGES-1−/− mice. In contrast, post-MI survival was reduced in mPGES-1−/�...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dongmei Wu, Detlev Mennerich, Kirsten Arndt, Kenji Sugiyama, Naoko Ozaki, Karoline Schwarz, Jianqin Wei, Heng Wu, Nanette H. Bishopric, Henri Doods Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Assessment of blood measures of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with acute fish oil supplementation and washout in men and womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Changes in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, ≥20 carbons and ≥3 carbon–carbon double bonds) at baseline, during fish oil supplementation (4 weeks) and during washout (8 weeks) were compared in venous plasma, erythrocytes, whole blood and fingertip prick blood (weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12) with additional weekly fingertip prick samples. Correlations between the various blood fractions were slightly stronger when n-3 HUFA status was expressed as the percentage of n-3 HUFA in total HUFA as compared with the sum of EPA and DHA. Increases and decreases in n-3 HUFA were more dramatic in plasma, and EPA responded...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: A.H. Metherel, J.M. Armstrong, A.C. Patterson, K.D. Stark Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Free fatty acid profiles in preeclampsiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Preeclampsia has many characteristics similar to the metabolic syndrome. One of these is aberrant lipid metabolism. We studied free fatty acid (FFA) profiles at baseline and after oral glucose load in 21 preeclamptic and 11 normotensive pregnant women. Insulin sensitivity was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test.We found that serum total FFA concentrations at baseline were 67% higher in preeclamptic than in normotensive pregnancies (P=0.0002). The difference between the two groups was largest in the concentrations of oleic (75%), linoleic (129%) and arachidonic (315%) acids. Oral intake of glucose suppr...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pia M. Villa, Hannele Laivuori, Eero Kajantie, Risto Kaaja Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Leukotriene pathway polymorphisms are associated with altered cysteinyl leukotriene production in children with acute asthmaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the influence of polymorphisms in cysLT pathway genes on urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) levels and clinical status in acute asthmatic children. Children aged 2–16 years were recruited during an asthma attack (n=205). Where possible, asthma severity scores were assigned, ALOX5AP G-336A, ALOX5 G-1708A, LTC4S A-444C and G-1072A, GPX4 C718T, and CYSTLTR1 T927C genotypes were determined and uLTE4 was measured in acute and convalescent samples. uLTE4 levels were higher acutely compared with convalescence (acute GM: 115.7pg/mg creatinine; 95% CI 88.6–151.1, convalescence GM: 66.4pg/mg creatinine; 95% CI 51...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Joelene A. Bizzintino, Siew-Kim Khoo, Guicheng Zhang, Andrew C. Martin, Kristina Rueter, Gary C. Geelhoed, Jack Goldblatt, Ingrid A. Laing, Peter N. Le Souëf, Catherine M. Hayden Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Maternal iron deficiency and its effect on essential fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism and spatial memory in the guinea pig offspringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Iron deficiency is prevalent among infants and pregnant women in industrialized country. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of moderate maternal iron deficiency on the offspring's fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism and spatial memory in guinea pigs. An iron-sufficient (IS) or iron-deficient (ID) diet was fed 14 days before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups were tested for spatial memory on post-natal days 4–7. On post-natal day 9, the biochemical analysis included the pup's brain fatty acid profiles, prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2α) concentrations and cyclooxygenase II prot...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: C.P. LeBlanc, M.E. Surette, S. Fiset, H. Turgeon O’Brien, F.M. Rioux Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - June 30, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: journals

Maternal dietary n-3 fatty acids alter cardiac ventricle fatty acid composition, prostaglandin and thromboxane production in growing chicksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The effects of feeding n-6 and n-3 fatty acids to broiler hens on cardiac ventricle fatty acid composition, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production of hatched chicks were investigated. Fertile eggs obtained from hens fed diets supplemented with 3.5% sunflower oil (Low n-3), 1.75% sunflower+1.75% fish oil (Medium n-3), or 3.5% fish oil (High n-3) were incubated. The hatched chicks were fed a diet containing 18:3 n-3, but devoid of longer chain n-6 and n-3 fatty acids for 42 days. Arachidonic acid content was lower in the cardiac ventricle of High n-3 and Medium n-3 compared to Low n-3 bird...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - May 1, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: G. Cherian, J. Bautista-Ortega, D.E. Goeger Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Associations of maternal prenatal dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with maternal and umbilical cord blood levelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Maternal n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status may influence birth outcomes and child health. We assessed second trimester maternal diet with food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) (n=1666), mid-pregnancy maternal erythrocyte PUFA concentrations (n=1550), and umbilical cord plasma PUFA concentrations (n=449). Mean (SD) maternal intake of total n-3 PUFA was 1.17g/d (0.43), docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (DHA+EPA) 0.16g/d (0.17), and total n-6 PUFA 12.25g/d (3.25). Mean maternal erythrocyte and cord plasma PUFA concentrations were 7.0% and 5.2% (total n-3), 5.0% and 4.6% (DHA+EPA), and 27.9...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - May 1, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: S.M.A. Donahue, S.L. Rifas-Shiman, S.F. Olsen, D.R. Gold, M.W. Gillman, E. Oken Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Impairment of 8-iso-PGF2ALPHA isoprostane metabolism by dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: 8-iso-PGF2α isoprostane (IP) is one of the most-used markers of lipid peroxidation in experimental models and humans. After its formation, it is promptly metabolized to 2,3 dinor (DIN) in peroxisomes.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is preferentially β-oxidized in peroxisomes which may compete with IP, and thereby may affect its metabolism.In order to verify whether CLA is able to influence IP formation and/or metabolism and to explain the mechanism, we challenged rats supplemented with CLA or with triolein (as a control fatty acid), with a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or of bacterial lipopolysaccha...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - May 1, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Anna Iannone, Anna Petroni, Elisabetta Murru, Lina Cordeddu, Gianfranca Carta, Maria Paola Melis, Stefania Bergamini, Lara Della Casa, Laura Cappiello, Romina Carissimi, Marianne O’Shea, Doris Bell, Enrico De Santis, Sebastiano Banni Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Docosahexaenoic acid, but not eicosapentaenoic acid, lowers ambulatory blood pressure and shortens interval QT in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of individual dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on hypertension and cardiac consecutive disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Rats were fed for 2 months an eicosapentaenoic (EPA)- or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet (240mg/day) or an n-3 PUFA-free diet. Male SHR (n=6), implanted with cardiovascular telemetry devices, were housed in individual cages for continuous measurements of cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)) during either activity or rest periods, ECG were ...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - May 1, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard, Daniel Moreau, Jean-Claude Guilland, Daniel Raederstorff, Alain Grynberg Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals