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Prostaglandin E2 Affects Mitochondrial Function in Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes and Hearts
The bioactive lipid Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through 4 known G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4) to elicit a variety of physiologic and pathologic effects that are mediated through diverse signaling pathways. The heart expresses all four receptor subtypes although EP3 and EP4 are the most abundant and share similar affinities for PGE2 [1 –4]. Importantly, we have previously reported that the expression of EP3 and EP4 receptors is altered with disease states such as hypertension and myocardial infarction [5,6], so that signaling via EP3 predominates. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - March 5, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Timothy D. Bryson, Matthew Zurek, Carlin Moore, David Taube, Indrani Datta, Albert Levin, Pamela Harding Source Type: research

Enteral supplementation with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid and pulmonary outcome in extremely preterm infants.
Childhood morbidity derived from preterm birth is one of the most common causes of long-term sequelae in middle and high-income countries [1]. In infants born before 29 weeks of gestation, the lung disease bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects nearly every second individual and the incidence has been unchanged or even increased, despite other improvements in preterm care [2 –4]. Lung damage coupled to BPD may have life-long consequences on respiratory health in this population [5,6]. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - February 13, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dirk Wackernagel, Anders K. Nilsson, Ulrika Sj öbom, Ann Hellström, Susanna Klevebro, Ingrid Hansen-Pupp Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Long chain monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid levels in human milk vary with gestational weight gain
The importance of breastfeeding for both mother and infant health is well established [1] and there is intense interest in identifying the components of human milk and mechanisms that mediate this beneficial effect [2 –4]. A primary question within this field is how genotype, phenotype and environment impact human milk composition and the consequences for infant health [5]. The impact of maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain on milk composition and production is of particular relevance due to its rapidly increasing prevalence and its association with many adverse effects on offspring health such as increase...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - January 21, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Aifric O'Sullivan, Emer Brady, Lucy Lafferty, Fiona O'Shea, Zoe O'Regan, Noah Meurs, Michelle Baldini, Jivani Gengatharan, Christian M. Metallo, Martina Wallace Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Editorial Board
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Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - January 1, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children
Bone mass development is important for later bone health. It is mainly determined by heredity, but foetal and early life have influence on bone track and bone morphology into old age [1 –3]. Bone modelling and remodelling are influenced by nutrition, hormones and physical activity, which also have an impact on fracture risk at all ages [4], less frequently reported in children [5–7]. Associations between fatty acid balance and bone development have mainly been studied in animal s [8–11] and adult humans [12–15]. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 24, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Malin Garemo, Valter Sundh, Dan Mellstr öm, Birgitta Strandvik Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children.
Bone mass development is important for later bone health. It is mainly determined by heredity, but foetal and early life have influence on bone track and bone morphology into old age [1 –3]. Bone modelling and remodelling are influenced by nutrition, hormones and physical activity, which also have an impact on fracture risk at all ages [4], less frequently reported in children [5–7]. Associations between fatty acid balance and bone development have mainly been studied in animal s [8–11] and adult humans [12–15]. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 24, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Malin Garemo, Valter Sundh, Dan Mellstr öm, Birgitta Strandvik Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Effect of age and dietary habits on Red Blood Cell membrane fatty acids in a Southern Europe population (Basque Country)
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) are characterised by multiple overlapping factors, such as lifestyle and clinical risk factors (e.g., obesity, physical inactivity, and high blood pressure). Regarding lifestyle, several nutritional epidemiology studies have shown associations of specific foods, nutrients and dietary patterns with cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes being poor-quality diet is a major risk factor for disease burden as shown in the Global Burden of Disease Study [1]. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 14, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gerard Marrugat, Ainara Cano, Javier Am ézaga, Sara Arranz, Nieves Embade, Óscar Millet, Carla Ferreri, Itziar Tueros Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Arachidonic acid level is related to early motor recovery following intracerebral hemorrhage with severe motor paralysis
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is reportedly associated with a high burden in terms of disability-adjusted life-years.[1] Hence, specific therapeutic options, especially medical treatments, to improve the prognosis of ICH are desperately needed. Currently, no established medical therapeutic strategy for acute ICH analogous to reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke has yet been established.[2] The only robust medical treatment for improving the prognosis of ICH is control of blood pressure soon after ICH onset. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 14, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Takeo Sato, Motohiro Okumura, Junichiro Takahashi, Tatsushi Kokubu, Maki Tanabe, Asako Onda, Teppei Komatsu, Kenichi Sakuta, Kenichiro Sakai, Tadashi Umehara, Hidetaka Mitsumura, Masato Matsushima, Yasuyuki Iguchi Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

An association between PPAR α-L162V polymorphism and increased plasma LDL cholesterol levels after risperidone treatment
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear steroid receptor superfamily [1,2]. Upon activation, PPARα heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor, and then binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements in promoter regions, thereby regulating gene expression [2,3]. PPARα is the master regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism through the regulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, transport, oxidation, ketogenesis, glucose production, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis [3]. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 12, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sergej Nadalin, Lena Zatkovi ć, Vjekoslav Peitl, Dalibor Karlović, Maja Vilibić, Ante Silić, Sanja Dević Pavlić, Alena Buretić-Tomljanović Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Circulating Oxylipin Profile in Women with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Chronic inflammation associated with obesity directly contributes to the induction and perpetuation of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D).[1] Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective therapies for treating obesity-associated T2D.[2] RYGB is associated with improved pro-oxidative leukocyte status and decreased levels of several pro-inflammatory proteins, suggesting that the attenuation of the inflammatory response is one of the pathways involved in the metabolic improvements observed in the post-operative period. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 12, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Daiane Cavalari Mancuzo, Natasha Mendon ça Machado, Juliana Teppedino, Lucas Santander, Philip C. Calder, Dan Linetzky Waitzberg, Raquel Susana Torrinhas Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - December 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Response to Letter to Editor
We fully agree with Dr. Ashwin Patel of Emory University School of Medicine.   The manuscript (1) as published, used standard statistical methods and did not take into account the small sample size (n=10) and the modified statistical route noted in Patels comments.  The reanalysis outlined in his note entitled “Selection of statistical tests influence the interpretation of a study outcome” relies on non-normal distribution for some variables especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP).  As a result of this reanalysis, significance can be attributed to the increase in the EPA levels and a stre...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - November 5, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: KV. Giriraja, SK. Bhanagar, L. Tomlinson, F. Sancilio Source Type: research

Subgroup analyses of a randomized trial of DHA supplementation for infants born preterm with assessments of cognitive development up to 7-years of age: what happens in infants born < 29 weeks ’ gestation?
Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n −3) is prominent in neural tissue and accumulates in the brain throughout the last trimester of pregnancy.[1,2] Infants born very preterm (before or at the transition to the last trimester of pregnancy) have lower levels of neural tissue DHA,[1,2] and have an increased risk of cognitive impairment s [3,4] as well as behavioral problems [5] and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores that are generally 10-12 points lower [4,6,7] compared with term-born infants. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - November 2, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: JF Gould, JM Bednarz, TR Sullivan, AJ McPhee, RA Gibson, M Makrides Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Phospholipase D1 activity is crucial for cytosolic phospholipase A2 –dependent prostaglandin E2 formation in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
Osteoblastic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation plays a key role in the regulation of bone cell activity [1], following the release of the precursor arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipid stores. AA liberation is due to the activity of phospholipase enzymes. Group IVA phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is mainly responsible for this in many cells as it shows preference for AA-containing lipids [2]. There are, however, alternative pathways such as the sequential action of phospholipase D (PLD) and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) or phospholipase C (PLC). (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - October 30, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hans J örg Leis, Werner Windischhofer Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

“Selection of statistical tests influences the interpretation of a study outcome” a comment on “Giriraja KV, Bhatnagar SK, Tomlinson L, Sancilio F. An open-label, multicenter, phase 2 study of a food enriched with docosahexaenoic acid in adults with sickle cell disease. Prostaglandins Leukot E ssent Fatty Acids. 2023 Jun; 193:102574. Doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102574. Epub 2023 Apr 7. PMID: 37121179”
Giriraja et  al. reported a decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with sickle cell disease following omega-3 fatty acid intake [1]. The authors also reported statistically insignificant changes in the pro-inflammatory marker (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), anti-inflammatory marker (arachidonic acid (AA)), and vaso-occlusive pain scores. A smaller sample size (n = 10) was mentioned as one of the probable reasons for the statistically insignificant results. However, the paired t-test used for the statistical analysis seems to violate the assumptions of the test. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids)
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - October 12, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ashwin P Patel Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research