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ErratumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Psychiatry 2009; 8: 376–381. Unfortunately, in the article Mental ill-health in adults with learning disabilities in part 1 of the Learning Disabilities chapter (October 2009), the first author's biography contained an error: ‘His research interests…’ should have been ‘Her research interests…’. The correct author biography is reproduced here. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Research in mental health learning disabilities: present challenges and future driversEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Research in mental health learning disabilities has advanced significantly in recent years. Many important papers have helped to change practice and to pursue innovative ideas that cut across the nature/nurture divide. Several new journals have been launched that cover an array of subjects from basic sciences to policy and practice. The advent of evidence-based practice has been slow to develop in mental health learning disabilities but rigorous epidemiological studies and related developments such as the more precise calibration of diagnostic tools have been some of the notable outcomes. The scope of this articl...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Angela Hassiotis Tags: The global perspective Source Type: journals

Healthcare in intellectual disabilities: Europe outside the UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Since the 1990s, many publications have provided a description of the status of care for persons with intellectual disability in Europe. This set of documents constitutes a unique case of international description and follow-up of care systems for intellectual disabilities in a single world region. The main information sources on care systems for persons with intellectual disability in Europe are presented with a special focus on projects funded by the European Commission during the past 15 years, which incorporate information on care systems (MEROPE, IDRESNET, POMONA, DECLOC). Following this knowledge base, a se...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Luis Salvador-Carulla, Juan Carlos García-Gutierrez Tags: The global perspective Source Type: journals

Psychiatry of intellectual and developmental disability in the US: time for a new beginningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although psychiatry in the United States owes its origins to the treatment of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) and developmental disabilities (DD), over the past 50 years, clinical services, education of professionals and research in psychiatry of ID have consistently lagged behind other fields in psychiatry. The historical and contemporary reasons for this development are discussed with recommendations for establishment of a fully credentialed subspecialty of Psychiatry of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kerim M. Munir Tags: The global perspective Source Type: journals

Life events and mental illness in people with learning disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Specific traumas, such as abuse and bereavement, and overall extent of potentially stressful life experiences are associated with increased levels of a range of behavioural and affective difficulties in people with learning disabilities. Although causality is probably complex and variable across diagnostic groups, evidence for a causal role for life events in the incidence of mental ill-health is growing. Even salient events, however, may not be perceived by carers as relevant to emotional and behavioural disturbance. Preventative strategies including use of social stories may reduce distress when life events can...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Asit B. Biswas, Frederick G. Furniss Tags: The social context of learning disability Source Type: journals

Family carers of people with learning disabilities: common themes across caringEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Here, we review the role of carers in general and specifically within the learning disability services. The role of carers is recognized but not always appreciated by the healthcare services despite guidance from the Department of Health and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Service users in learning disability have complex needs, and carers provide life-long care. Carers have reported positive and negative experiences in their caring role; however, the negative experiences of caring can be minimized by providing better support and education to the carers. The resources available to provide this support are not...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Neelima Yannamani, Asif Zia, Nauman Khalil Tags: The social context of learning disability Source Type: journals

Choices, rights and control: what service users expect from their healthcare servicesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Choices, rights and control are aspects of healthcare that most take for granted. For many people with a learning disability, however, these are not a reality, with them being denied choice, their rights and control over the healthcare that they are given. Following on from the Mencap report Death by Indifference, which highlighted some of the shortfalls in the provision of healthcare for people with learning disability, it was the Royal College of Psychiatrist's Service User Group's intention to look into a more personalised account of experiences of accessing healthcare services. To do this, the group garnered ...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ray Jacques, Simon Stranks Tags: The social context of learning disability Source Type: journals

Poverty and the mental health of families with a child with intellectual disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Research with representative samples of children with intellectual disabilities and their parents has consistently demonstrated much higher levels of psychopathology and poorer well-being amongst both children with intellectual disabilities and their parents compared with those without intellectual disabilities. Although these differences in psychopathology are often assumed to be an inevitable consequence of the child's intellectual disability and therefore to result in an inherently stressful parenting role, here, we briefly review the research evidence for an alternative proposition, namely that poverty and so...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chris Hatton, Eric Emerson Tags: The social context of learning disability Source Type: journals

Healthcare decision-making by adults with learning disabilities: ongoing agendas, future challengesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This contribution reviews recent developments in the law and policy of healthcare decision-making by, with and for adults with learning disabilities. In particular, it considers the impact of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the reforms outlined in the Department of Health's (2005) White Paper Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services, and the Local Authority Circular (2008) Transforming Social Care. Pressing issues such as the concept of choice for vulnerable adults and the challenges for professionals in assessing decision-making ability are assumed within these policy frameworks. Ot...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kirsty Keywood, Margaret Flynn Tags: Effective healthcare Source Type: journals

Assessment in primary careEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: For many people with learning disabilities, the presence of ill health may impair their ability to achieve the best possible quality of life. The attainment of a good standard of health (at least as good as the rest of the population) is a reasonable goal. Primary care teams are central to the provision of good-quality healthcare. This provision is based on an ability to assess, investigate and manage a range of common and complex conditions, which requires an awareness of the specific needs of this population. The expected health needs of people with learning disabilities in the community and how best to identif...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael Kerr Tags: Effective healthcare Source Type: journals

Epilepsy, mental health, adults with learning disability – reviewing the evidenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Epilepsy, the experience of learning disability and the experience of mental health problems frequently occur in the same individual and can cause severe disadvantage, distress and vulnerability to the individual, together with a burden of care on families or carers. The challenges posed to clinicians include unpicking the complexities involved in understanding symptoms and presentations as well as the very limited evidence-based guiding management strategies. While evidence for service provision, care giving, and specific treatments is very limited, there are some themes that emerge from a review of the literatu...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brian Fitzgerald, Howard Ring Tags: Effective healthcare Source Type: journals

Learning disability (part 2): an introductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This second part of the Learning Disability chapter is mainly dedicated to service issues and a perspective beyond the UK. We have now had a revised edition of Valuing People (DH, 2001), Valuing People Now (DH, 2009), and the results of an enquiry into access to healthcare of people with learning disabilities (DH, 2008). Both documents advocate greater access to facilities and addressing the barriers that hinder the full integration of a person with learning disabilities. It is shocking to think that, in the 21st century, we are still confronted by examples of unacceptable care standards for people with learning disabilit...
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Angela Hassiotis Tags: Introduction Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - November 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Psychotherapeutic interventions in learning disability: focus on cognitive behavioural therapy and mental healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) assumes that psychological disorders are characterized by distorted or dysfunctional thinking, and can be treated by working with the patient to modify thinking in the direction of more realistic or adaptive evaluations of events. CBT has been evaluated extensively and is now the first-line treatment of choice for many psychological disorders. It is increasingly being used with people with learning disabilities, although the evidence base with this population is relatively weak, consisting largely of case studies and case series. There are also controlled trials in anger and de...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Paul Willner Tags: Assessment and management Source Type: journals

Medication in people with learning disability and mental illnessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Psychiatric medications are often used in the treatment of mental disorders as well as for problem behaviours in people with learning disabilities. However, there is little evidence directly relating to people with learning disability, and most treatment decisions and experience of medication are based on research in the general population. Good practice demands that clinicians make every effort to ascertain whether the presenting complaints are those of a diagnosable mental disorder and that there is multidisciplinary support to ameliorate problem behaviours. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gregory O'Brien, Iain McKinnon Tags: Assessment and management Source Type: journals

Positive behavioural support as a service system for people with challenging behaviourEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article promotes positive behavioural support as an over-arching service model, and describes how it can help address the needs of members of this population and those who support them. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David Allen Tags: Assessment and management Source Type: journals

Ethnic minority groups, learning disability and mental healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The presence of a learning disability in an individual from an ethnic minority group raises several issues that, if not recognized and addressed, can be detrimental to the mental health of the affected individual. Affected individuals have been said to face a double disadvantage, arising from having a learning disability and being from an ethnic minority group. This disadvantage has been largely neglected both in terms of research and service provision. In order to cater effectively for people with learning disabilities from ethnic minority groups, several obstacles have to be recognized and addressed, specifical...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Iqbal Singh, Adedamola Orimalade Tags: Comorbidities Source Type: journals

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults with learning disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder and symptoms often persist in adult life resulting in significant impairment. ADHD is increasingly recognized as occurring in children and adults with learning disability. ADHD symptoms were found to affect everyday life performance and to increase the impairment imposed by the learning disability, suggesting a double vulnerability and indicating the need for treatment. Although treatment of ADHD in this population has not been tested widely and randomized controlled trials are sparse, there is some evidence that pharmacologic...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kiriakos Xenitidis, Stefanos Maltezos Tags: Comorbidities Source Type: journals

The mental health needs of people with autism spectrum disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by restricted, repetitive behaviour and abnormalities in social interaction and communication. A prevalence rate of ASD of up to 116/10,000 has been reported. The prevalence and range of psychiatric disorders are increased in people with ASD, including those with intellectual disability. Risk factors for psychiatric disorders in this group include genetic factors, communication problems, loneliness and low self-esteem. Mental health problems may be difficult to assess, and range from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tic disorders to psychotic a...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Muthukumar Kannabiran, Jane McCarthy Tags: Comorbidities Source Type: journals

Behavioural phenotypes and mental disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Genetic disorders account for a sizeable proportion of learning disabilities. Several disorders are associated with mental ill-health. The commonest examples of psychiatric morbidity include psychosis, depression and dementia. Here, three examples of chromosomal abnormalities that have significant research evidence are used to discuss the origins and management of mental disorders. Adults with Down syndrome may suffer from mood disorders and dementia, which has a prevalence rate of 32% by 59 years of age. Personality changes and behavioural disorders can signal the onset of dementia. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS)...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ken Courtenay, Sarita Soni, Andre Strydom, Jeremy Turk Tags: Comorbidities Source Type: journals

Mental health and behavioural problems in children and adolescents with learning disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Epidemiological studies confirm that children and adolescents with learning disabilities are at risk of developing a range of mental health or behavioural problems. The presentation of these problems is complicated by a variety of factors including the child's level of cognitive functioning, diagnostic overshadowing, and psychiatric comorbidities. Expert multidisciplinary assessment is required in order to understand the underlying aetiology of the child's problems and the nature of any psychopathological processes. Appropriate interventions can then be planned and implemented. Child and adolescent mental health ...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sarah H. Bernard Tags: Epidemiology and classification of mental ill health in learning disability Source Type: journals

People with learning disability, and ageingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the mental health problems in older adults with learning disabilities with a focus on dementia, and highlights current evidence-based practice. To date, the main focus of research and service initiatives related to ageing has been on dementia in Down syndrome, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of older people with learning disabilities in general suffer from a variety of health problems. Clinical practice varies considerably within UK, and the link between community learning disability teams and mental health services for older people is not well established in many areas. The clinical c...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Satheesh Kumar Gangadharan, John Devapriam, Sabyasachi Bhaumik Tags: Epidemiology and classification of mental ill health in learning disability Source Type: journals

Mental ill-health in adults with learning disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A learning disability is a lifelong condition. Mental ill-health is common in people with learning disabilities, and several epidemiological studies have shown higher rates of psychiatric disorder in people with learning disabilities compared with the population as a whole. Biological, psychological, and social influences may account for this excess of mental ill-health. Presentation of symptoms differs across the range of learning disabilities. Nevertheless, there are several understudied areas, especially in the epidemiology (prevalence and incidence) of various types of mental disorder and the predictors of th...
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kiran Azam, Amanda Sinai, Angela Hassiotis Tags: Epidemiology and classification of mental ill health in learning disability Source Type: journals

Learning disability: an introductionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: ‘Learning disability’ is a term used in the UK that corresponds to the internationally used ‘mental retardation’. It is determined by low IQ, impaired social adaptation and onset within the developmental period; classification is primarily by IQ. The prevalence of learning disability is rising, mainly due to improved longevity. Several psychiatric disorders are very common among people with learning disability. Promoting the social inclusion of this vulnerable group is one of the greatest challenges to any developed society. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gregory O'Brien, Angela Hassiotis Tags: Introduction Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - September 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Cognitive behaviour therapy across culturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The Delivering Race Equality (DRE) in mental health action plan endorses the need for a balanced range of effective therapies including psychotherapeutic and counselling treatments that are culturally appropriate and effective. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is a widely used and acceptable therapy for most mental health disorders, but explanations used in CBT are based on Western concepts and illness models. For reasons explained here, CBT remains the psychotherapeutic model of choice across cultures if adapted appropriately. Dissemination of cognitive therapy across widely diverse cultures is increasingly...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shanaya Rathod, David Kingdon Tags: Policy and management Source Type: journals

Management and culture – relational interactionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cultures influence individual identities and cognitive schema that influence the way help is sought and how the inner world of the individual is explored. Help-seeking and sources for help are identified through cultural explanations and expectations. Traditional ego-based psychotherapy may not work with various ethnic and cultural groups. Here, we highlight some of the factors that clinicians must be aware of when providing therapies related to relationships. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sean Cross, Dinesh Bhugra Tags: Policy and management Source Type: journals

Management and culture – psychopharmacologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Cultural factors play an important role not only at a biological level: the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs but non-biological factors also play a role. These factors include religious factors, taboos, diet, smoking and expectations from the medication. Some of these factors are described in this paper so that clinicians are aware of response to drugs. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sean Cross, Dinesh Bhugra Tags: Policy and management Source Type: journals

Ethnic minority patients: access to mental health services and pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Pathways into psychiatric care are determined by a number of factors. These include cultural explanations of illness, systems of healthcare and resources available. Of these, explanatory models of illness are perhaps the most significant. Patients from ethnic minorities may also feel that they are prejudiced against. Clinicians, therefore, must be aware of potential obstacles into healthcare. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susham Gupta, Dinesh Bhugra Tags: Policy and management Source Type: journals

Ethnic elders and their needsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The proportion of ethnic minority individuals over the age of 65 is increasing in the UK. This will lead to a concomitant increase in the absolute number of cases of dementia and depression among ethnic minority elders. The epidemiology of suicide in ethnic minority elders is also changing with some ethnic minority elderly groups at higher risk of suicide than previously thought. Despite the prevalence of dementia and depression being similar or higher in ethnic minority groups than the indigenous group, and ethnic minority elders having high general practice consultation rates, the prevalence of ethnic minority ...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ajit Shah, Geetha Oommen, Abel Koshy Tags: Special groups Source Type: journals

Intellectual disability across culturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Here, we provide an overview of the cultural aspects of epidemiological findings and provision of mental health care to people with intellectual disability (ID). The prevalence of intellectual disability may vary between cultural and ethnic groups, but this depends to a large extent on the definition and assessment methods used. Although human-rights-based policies have led to de-institutionalization and community care, stigmatization and discrimination of individuals with ID and health inequalities are common across cultures, which may be associated with the high rates of mental illness in this population. Negat...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Laura Allison, Andre Strydom Tags: Special groups Source Type: journals

Mental health care needs of refugeesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The numbers of refugees and asylum seekers shows little sign of decreasing. An increased prevalence of stress-related common mental disorders in these populations is well documented. The causes of these conditions vary according to stresses experienced and the journeys individuals take in their migration to new countries and cultural settings. The mental health practitioner must be informed of the cultural idioms by which suffering is expressed in the refugee's community, the social stigma associated with particular traumatic experiences and with mental illness. Because of their experiences of victimization, refu...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tom Craig, Peter Mac Jajua, Nasir Warfa Tags: Special groups Source Type: journals

Eating disorders across culturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The cultivation of the body ideal and promotion of thinness values in fashion, media and the diet industry have been repeatedly shown to account for the increased prevalence of eating disorders. It is evident in women in certain sub-cultures where the demand for thinness for career advancement is endemic. There is also a correlation between eating disorders and the level of modernization and urbanization characteristic of western industrialized societies, linking it to increased social mobility, dietary changes as well as changes within family structures. Eating disorders were, therefore, thought to be unique to ...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mervat Nasser Tags: Psychiatric disorders Source Type: journals

Common mental disorders among black and minority ethnic groups in the UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The common mental disorders, predominantly anxiety and depression, constitute a significant public health problem and are associated with significant morbidity. When detected, these disorders are managed almost exclusively in primary care. Research into common mental disorders and ethnicity to date raises important questions about the understanding, nature and course of common mental disorders, access to services, treatment received and the perceived value of consulting for emotional problems across cultural groups. It also emphasizes the complex interactions between ethnicity, socioeconomic status, social inclus...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Keith Lloyd Tags: Psychiatric disorders Source Type: journals

Ethnicity and mental health: the example of schizophrenia and related psychoses in migrant populations in the Western worldEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Multiple studies performed over the past few decades using various methodologies have reported 5–10-fold incidence rates for schizophrenia in African-Caribbean communities in Europe, findings that hold across generations. Increased incidences of lesser degree have also been reported in other ethnic minority migrant groups in Europe. Various explanations of this phenomenon have been proposed – such as misdiagnosis, differing nature and course of psychotic illness in different ethnic groups, genetics, predisposition to migration, early life influences and later childhood developmental risk factors, drug use, ur...
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wai Lun Alan Fung, Dinesh Bhugra, Peter B. Jones Tags: Psychiatric disorders Source Type: journals

Cultural identity and its assessmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: All individuals have cultural identity, but this aspect may be more relevant in patients from black and ethnic minority backgrounds. In this paper, some of the key issues are highlighted and suggestions are made for assessment. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susham Gupta, Dinesh Bhugra Tags: Assessment across cultures Source Type: journals

Assessment across culturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Culture plays an important role in precipitating, perpetuating and preventative factors in relation to any illness. Cultures also determine how individuals seek help and how resources are allocated. Clinicians must be aware of idioms that patients use and explanatory models used by them and their carers to describe their symptoms. Culture influences pathways that patients choose in looking for help. Culturally appropriate interventions are more likely to be accepted. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Susham Gupta, Dinesh Bhugra Tags: Assessment across cultures Source Type: journals

Further reading for Transcultural PsychiatryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cultural Psychiatry has continued to evolve rapidly with recent research and changes in policy not only in the UK but elsewhere as well. These changes have made it inevitable that the clinicians, no matter where they practice, are aware of the needs of the populations that they serve and have a good working knowledge of the cultures of the patients and families they serve. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Further reading - online articles Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Working with military veteransEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article attempts to outline the issues that military veterans commonly present with and describes a model of working with traumatized veterans. The model is a phase-oriented approach to trauma which views stabilization as an essential part of the treatment, moving on to processing the trauma and then reintegration from military to civilian life. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jennie Ormerod Tags: Specific populations Source Type: journals

Working with refugees and asylum seekersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article begins with the legal definition of a refugee, an account of the scale of the problem worldwide and in the UK, and proceeds to consider mental health and cultural implications. Assessment and diagnosis should be undertaken in the usual way, but there may be a need to learn more about diverse cultural backgrounds and to work with interpreters in assessment and treatment. In the intervention, a phased approach is often appropriate, engaging different professionals at different stages of treatment. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stuart W. Turner, Jane Herlihy Tags: Specific populations Source Type: journals

Working with children who have trauma-related disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes some key issues related to good practice in therapeutic work with children with both simple and complex trauma-related disorders. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Guinevere Tufnell Tags: Specific populations Source Type: journals

Trauma and psychosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In recent years a number of authors have proposed that traumatic events, particularly childhood sexual abuse, can lead to psychotic symptoms or psychotic illness, including schizophrenia. There does appear to be an association, but the research to date has not clearly demonstrated a causal relationship. Traumatic events, like other genetic and environmental influences, can make individuals vulnerable to the development of all types of psychiatric illness, including psychosis. Trauma may well cause psychosis-like symptoms, perhaps through dissociation, but any presumed causal relationship between trauma and psycho...
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oscar Daly Tags: Specific presentations Source Type: journals

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder: a useful diagnostic framework?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reviews the literature and highlights conceptual evolution and differences from simple PTSD, as well as discussing differential diagnoses and clinical management. (Source: Psychiatry)
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Walter Busuttil Tags: Specific presentations Source Type: journals

Psychological and drug therapies for post-traumatic stress disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Since the last edition of this review, there has been an impressive body of new evidence adding to our knowledge of psychological treatments. There have also been two new major reviews covering the complete range of available treatments: the second edition of the guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) and the US Institute of Medicine's review. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines were published before the last edition of this article, and there are currently no plans to revise them. However, the Australian guidelines build on the NICE guidelines,...
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christopher P. Freeman Tags: Epidemiology, theoretical basis and management Source Type: journals

Early intervention following traumatic eventsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes potential methods of early intervention and summarizes the available evidence of their effectiveness. It is argued that there is currently little evidence to support the routine use of preventative interventions, such as psychological debriefing, prophylactic medication or multiple-session preventative psychological interventions. However, there is evidence to support the use of brief trauma-focused cognitive behavioural Intervention for individuals whose traumatic stress symptoms are not improving. There is consensus that interventions that aim to promote safety and connectedness, and address immedi...
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Neil Roberts Tags: Epidemiology, theoretical basis and management Source Type: journals

Psychosocial resilience and its influence on managing mass emergencies and disastersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article argues that, while emergencies and disasters are distressing for most people and may result in mental disorders for a substantial minority of affected persons at some time in the following months and years, there are personal and collective sources of psychosocial resilience. The concepts, bases, and practical potential of resilience have been explored for more than 40 years. However, studies of pathology, which emphasizes people’s vulnerability over their adaptive capacities, have predominated. The nature and basis of personal psychosocial resilience are outlined, and a new approach to collective resilience...
Source: Psychiatry - July 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Richard Williams, John Drury Tags: Epidemiology, theoretical basis and management Source Type: journals