Psychiatry Research: NeuroimagingThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Heterogeneity of non-conscious fear perception in posttraumatic stress disorder as a function of physiological arousal: An fMRI studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: While posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often characterised by an excessive fear response and hyperarousal, research has generally neglected other clinical characteristics including hypoarousal. Findings indicate that concurrent autonomic activity is associated with increased non-conscious processing of fear, highlighting that autonomic responsivity may be an important determinant in the degree of activation within the brainstem-amygdala-MPFC (medial prefrontal cortex) network. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Andrew H. Kemp, Kim L. Felmingham, Erin Falconer, Belinda J. Liddell, Richard A. Bryant, Leanne M. Williams Tags: Brief Report Source Type: journals

Midline and right frontal brain function as a physiologic biomarker of remission in major depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Prior investigations have reported that changes in the prefrontal electroencephalogram (EEG) precede symptom improvement from antidepressant medications, and could serve as a biomarker of treatment outcome in major depressive disorder (MDD). A new physiologically defined region of interest (ROI), overlying the midline and right frontal (MRF) cortical area, was examined here for a relationship between early decreases in theta-band cordance and remission. Subjects were 72 adults with unipolar MDD who had completed placebo-controlled antidepressant treatment trials, with 37 randomized to medication and 35 to placebo...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ian A. Cook, Aimee M. Hunter, Michelle Abrams, Barbara Siegman, Andrew F. Leuchter Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Preliminary investigation of the impulsive and neuroanatomical characteristics of compulsive sexual behaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides a preliminary examination of the impulsive aspects of this syndrome, compulsive sexual behavior (CSB). Sixteen male subjects, eight CSB patients and eight non-patient controls, completed psychometric measures of impulsivity and compulsive sexual behavior, performed a behavioral task designed to assess impulse control (Go–No Go task), and underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) procedures. The results indicated that CSB patients were significantly more impulsive; whether measured by psychometric testing or the Go-No Go procedure, than controls. The results also indicate that CSB patients showed signif...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael H. Miner, Nancy Raymond, Bryon A. Mueller, Martin Lloyd, Kelvin O. Lim Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

A voxel-based morphometry comparison of regional gray matter between fragile X syndrome and autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The phenotypic association between fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism is well established, but no studies have directly compared whole-brain anatomy between the two disorders. We performed voxel-based morphometry analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 10 individuals with FXS, 10 individuals with autism, and 10 healthy comparison subjects to identify volumetric changes in each disorder. Regional gray matter volumes within frontal, parietal, temporal, and cingulate gyri, as well as in the caudate nuclei and cerebellum, were larger in the FXS group relative to the autism group. In addition, volume in...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lisa B. Wilson, Jason R. Tregellas, Randi J. Hagerman, Sally J. Rogers, Donald C. Rojas Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The effects of lorazepam on extrastriatal dopamine D2/3-receptors—A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled PET studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, lorazepam decreased [11C]FLB 457 binding in frontal and temporal cortex, suggesting that cortical GABA–dopamine interaction may be involved in the central actions of lorazepam in healthy volunteers. The correlation between lorazepam-induced sedation and D2/D3 receptor binding potential (BP) change further supports this hypothesis. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Harry Vilkman, Jaana Kajander, Sargo Aalto, Tero Vahlberg, Kjell Någren, Topias Allonen, Erkka Syvälahti, Jarmo Hietala Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The effect of clozapine on regional cerebral blood flow and brain metabolite ratios in schizophrenia: Relationship with treatment responseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clozapine on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and its relationship with response to treatment. In addition, we aimed to study the influence of clozapine on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a subgroup of patients. Psychopathology, neurocognitive functioning, and SPECT imaging of 22 patients were assessed at the baseline and 8 weeks after the initiation of clozapine treatment. In 10 of these patients intermediate-echo (TE: 135 ms) single-voxel 1H-MRS was also performed at the base...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aygun Ertugrul, Bilge Volkan-Salanci, Koray Basar, Kader Karli Oguz, Basaran Demir, Eser Lay Ergun, Senem Senturk, Belkis Erbas, Aysenur Cila, Berna Ulug Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Volumes of brain, grey and white matter and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort: An epidemiological approach to analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in schizophrenia have seldom involved a general population birth cohort or other epidemiological samples. We studied the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort and identified all people with psychotic disorders. Along with an unaffected age-matched control sample (n=100) from the cohort, 54 subjects with schizophrenia underwent MRI brain scan at age 33–35 years from which we defined volumes of whole brain, grey and white matter and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Whole brain, grey and white matter volumes were 2–3% smaller in the schizophrenia subjects, who showed...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Päivikki Tanskanen, Marianne Haapea, Juha Veijola, Jouko Miettunen, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Juhani Pyhtinen, Peter B. Jones, Matti Isohanni Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

White matter ‘potholes’ in early-onset schizophrenia: A new approach to evaluate white matter microstructure using diffusion tensor imagingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: There is considerable evidence implicating white matter abnormalities in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many of the recent studies examining white matter have utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using either region of interest (ROI) or voxel-based approaches. Both voxel-based and ROI approaches are based on the assumption that the abnormalities in white matter overlap spatially. However, this is an assumption that has not been tested, and it is possible that aberrations in white matter occur in non-overlapping regions. In order to test for the presence of non-overlapping regions of aberrant white matte...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tonya White, Marcus Schmidt, Canan Karatekin Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Progressive temporal lobe grey matter loss in adolescents with schizotypal traits and mild intellectual impairmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Adolescents with mild intellectual impairment are known to have an increased risk of schizophrenia compared to the general population. However, little is known regarding the association between potential risk markers for later schizophrenia within this population. We therefore set out to examine the association between schizotypal traits and progressive grey matter loss in adolescents with mild intellectual impairment. Ninety-eight adolescents receiving educational assistance were divided into two groups based on their degree of schizotypal features, measured using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS). E...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Thomas William James Moorhead, Andrew Stanfield, Michael Spencer, Jeremy Hall, Andrew McIntosh, David Cunningham Owens, Stephen Lawrie, Eve Johnstone Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Efficiency of working memory encoding in twins discordant for schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: It has been proposed that patients with schizophrenia and some of their relatives suffer from reduced neurocognitive efficiency, increasing their sensitivity to experimental task demands. The present study evaluated such a possibility during performance of a working memory task by schizophrenia patients and their co-twins along with a healthy control sample. Electrophysiological data were obtained from sets of nine twin pairs (monozygotic and dizygotic pairs collapsed) discordant for a diagnosis of schizophrenia and from nine matched healthy control twin pairs, during administration of a variable-load spatial wor...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Peter Bachman, Junghoon Kim, Cindy M. Yee, Sebastian Therman, Marko Manninen, Jouko Lönnqvist, Jaakko Kaprio, Matti O. Huttunen, Risto Näätänen, Tyrone D. Cannon Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Working memory and long-term memory deficits in schizophrenia: Is there a common substrate?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit substantial deficits in both working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) tasks. While these two forms of memory are generally viewed as distinct, recent evidence from healthy subjects has challenged the robustness of the double-dissociation between these two types of memory. In light of an emerging view of WM and LTM as being subserved by a largely overlapping network of brain regions, it is possible that WM and LTM deficits in patients with schizophrenia share a common neurobiological substrate. This review revisits the functional neuroimaging literature on both WM and LTM ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jared Xavier Van Snellenberg Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

Prefrontal structural and functional brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Brain-imaging studies suggest that antisocial and violent behavior is associated with structural and functional deficits in the prefrontal cortex, but there is heterogeneity in findings and it is unclear whether findings apply to psychopaths, non-violent offenders, community-based samples, and studies employing psychiatric controls. A meta-analysis was conducted on 43 structural and functional imaging studies, and the results show significantly reduced prefrontal structure and function in antisocial individuals. Effect sizes were significant for both structural and functional studies. With minor exceptions, no st...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yaling Yang, Adrian Raine Tags: Reviews Source Type: journals

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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

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(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Decreased cardiac MIBG uptake, its correlation with clinical symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the relationship between decreased cardiac MIBG uptake and clinical symptoms in DLB. Thirty-six patients with probable DLB and six normal controls underwent MIBG scintigraphy. We measured the early and delayed heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratios, and the results between subgroups based on the presence and absence of clinical symptoms were compared. The mean early and delayed H/M ratios were 1.55±0.29 and 1.42±0.30, and 30 (83.3%) and 33 (91.7%) subjects showed lower values compared to the cutoff, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found only between groups with and witho...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Seiju Kobayashi, Masaru Tateno, Hidetoshi Morii, Kumiko Utsumi, Toshikazu Saito Source Type: journals

Caudate nucleus volumes in stroke and vascular dementiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We aimed to assess the volume of the nucleus caudatus as a neuroanatomical substrate of fronto-subcortical circuits, in stroke patients with/without dementia, and the relationship to potential determinants of neural circuit integrity such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and stroke volume. Stroke only (Stroke) (n=19) and stroke with Vascular Dementia (VaD) (n=16) and healthy control (n=20) subjects, matched on demographic variables, underwent extensive neuropsychiatric assessments and manual MRI-based volumetric measurements for intracranial area (ICA), stroke volume, and bilateral caudate volume. WMH on MR...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jeffrey Chee Leong Looi, Vanessa Tatham, Rajeev Kumar, Jerome J. Maller, Ellen Millard, Wei Wen, Xiaohua Chen, Henry Brodaty, Perminder Sachdev Source Type: journals

Hippocampal volume in first episode and recurrent depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Abnormalities in limbic–thalamic–cortical networks are hypothesized to modulate human mood states. In the present study differences in hippocampal volumes of patients with a first episode of depression, recurrent major depression and healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male patients with a first episode of major depression had a significantly smaller left hippocampal volume than male control subjects. Also, these patients had a significant left–right asymmetry in hippocampal volume. Female patients showed no significant alterations in hippocampal vol...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller, Johannes Schröder, Sebastian Köhler, Bianca Götz, Daniela Victor, Jörg Unger, Frederic Giesel, Vincent Magnotta, Christoph Mundt, Marco Essig, Johannes Pantel Source Type: journals

Corpus callosum volume in children with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The corpus callosum (CC) is the main commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres. Previous evidence suggests the involvement of the CC in the pathophysiology of autism. However, most studies examined the mid-sagittal area and investigations applying novel methods are warranted. The goal of this investigation is to apply a volumetric method to examine the size of the CC in autism and to identify any association with clinical features. An MRI-based morphometric study of the total CC volume and its seven subdivisions was conducted and involved 22 children with autism (age range 8.1–12.7 years) and 23 healthy, ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Antonio Y. Hardan, Melissa Pabalan, Nidhi Gupta, Rahul Bansal, Nadine M. Melhem, Serguei Fedorov, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Nancy J. Minshew Source Type: journals

Aberrant high-frequency desynchronization of cerebellar cortices in early-onset psychosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we utilized a basic mechanoreception task to probe cortical–cerebellar circuitry in early-onset psychosis. Ten adolescents with psychosis and 10 controls completed unilateral tactile stimulation of the right and left index finger, as whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were acquired. MEG data were imaged in the frequency domain, using spatial filtering, and the resulting event-related synchronizations and desynchronizations (ERS/ERD) were subjected to voxel-wise analyses of group and task effects using statistical parametric mapping. Our results indicated bilateral ERD activation of cerebellar reg...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tony W. Wilson, Erin Slason, Olivia O. Hernandez, Ryan Asherin, Martin L. Reite, Peter D. Teale, Donald C. Rojas Source Type: journals

Test–retest reliability of event-related functional MRI in a probabilistic reversal learning taskEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 10 healthy adult subjects were scanned in two sessions, 16 weeks apart, while performing a probabilistic reversal learning task known to activate orbitofrontal–striatal circuitry. We quantified the reliability of brain activation by computing intra-class correlation coefficients. Group analysis revealed a high concordance for activation patterns in both measurements. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were high for brain activation in the associated regions (dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior prefrontal/insular and cingulate cortices), often exceeding 0.8. We conclude that the probabilistic revers...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tobias Freyer, Gabriele Valerius, Anne-Katrin Kuelz, Oliver Speck, Volkmar Glauche, Michael Hull, Ulrich Voderholzer Source Type: journals

Functional brain imaging in 14 patients with dissociative amnesia reveals right inferolateral prefrontal hypometabolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report functional imaging and neuropsychological data acquired in 14 patients with dissociative amnesia following stressful or traumatic events. All patients suffered from autobiographical memory loss. In addition, approximately half of the patients had deficits in anterograde memory and executive functioning. Accompanying functional brain changes were measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Regional glucose utilization of the patients was compared with that of 19 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender. We found significantly decreased glucose utilization in the right inferolate...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Matthias Brand, Carsten Eggers, Nadine Reinhold, Esther Fujiwara, Josef Kessler, Wolf-Dieter Heiss, Hans J. Markowitsch Source Type: journals

Evidence for reduced somatosensory lateralisation and focalisation in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an fMRI study of 22 right-handed individuals with schizophrenia, 21 right-handed healthy individuals and 10 non-right-handed healthy individuals, designed to test the hypothesis that in schizophrenia there is a diminution of both lateralisation and intra-hemispheric focalisation during the passive processing of vibrotactile stimuli delivered to the right index finger. Significantly reduced lateralisation of activity in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) was observed in the schizophrenia group as compared to the healthy right-handed group. There was a trend for a reduction in SI lateralisation in the schizophrenia ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Thomas P. White, Susan T. Francis, Verghese Joseph, Eileen O'Regan, Kay E. Head, Peter F. Liddle Source Type: journals

Retrosplenial cortex connectivity in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In this paper, we build on our previous analysis [Bluhm, R.L., Miller, J., Lanius, R.A., Osuch, E.A., Boksman, K., Neufeld, R.W.J., et al., 2007 Spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations in the BOLD signal in schizophrenic patients: anomalies in the default network. Schizophrenia Bulletin 33, 1004–1012] of resting state connectivity in schizophrenia by examining alterations in connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex. We have previously demonstrated altered connectivity of the posterior cingulate/precuneus, particularly with other regions of the “default network” (which includes the medial prefrontal cortex an...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Robyn L. Bluhm, Jodi Miller, Ruth A. Lanius, Elizabeth A. Osuch, Kristine Boksman, Richard W.J. Neufeld, Jean Théberge, Betsy Schaefer, Peter C. Williamson Source Type: journals

Anatomical brain connectivity and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Structural brain changes in schizophrenia are well documented in the neuroimaging literature. The classical morphometric analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have recently been supplemented by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which mainly assesses changes in white matter (WM). DTI increasingly provides evidence for abnormal anatomical connectivity in schizophrenia, most often using fractional anisotropy (FA) as an indicator of the integrity of WM tracts. To better understand the clinical significance of such anatomical changes, we studied FA values in a whole-brain analysis comparing paranoid schizoph...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anna Rotarska-Jagiela, Viola Oertel-Knoechel, Federico DeMartino, Vincent van de Ven, Elia Formisano, Alard Roebroeck, Abdelhaq Rami, Ralf Schoenmeyer, Corinna Haenschel, Talma Hendler, Konrad Maurer, Kai Vogeley, David E.J. Linden Source Type: journals

Higher diffusion in striatum and lower fractional anisotropy in white matter of methamphetamine usersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Methamphetamine (METH) users showed structural and chemical abnormalities on magnetic resonance (MRI) studies, particularly in the frontal and basal ganglia brain regions. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may provide further insights regarding the microstructural changes in METH users. We investigated diffusion tensor measures in frontal white matter and basal ganglia of 30 adult METH users and 30 control subjects using a 3 T MR scanner. Compared with healthy control subjects, METH users showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in right frontal white matter, and higher apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in left c...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniel Alicata, Linda Chang, Christine Cloak, Kylie Abe, Thomas Ernst Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Neural circuitry of submissive behavior in social anxiety disorder: A preliminary study of response to direct eye gazeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Fear of eye gaze is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and may represent an evolutionarily conserved submissive behavior. SAD subjects and healthy volunteers who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging showed significant differences in neural activity in amygdala, fusiform, insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex in response to direct versus averted gaze. Neural response to direct gaze may identify brain regions important in the pathophysiology of SAD. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Franklin R. Schneier, Justine M. Kent, Ava Star, Joy Hirsch Tags: Brief Report Source Type: journals

Depressive mood in pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease: Statistical parametric mapping analysis of Tc-99m ECD brain SPECTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate specific depression-related cerebral hypoperfusion areas. However, the cerebral blood flow pattern in CKD patients was similar to that of patients with major depression in some areas. Although further investigations are needed in the future, we suggest that the causes of the higher prevalence of depression in CKD might be associated with this finding. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sang Heon Song, Ihm Soo Kwak, Seong-Jang Kim, Yong-Ki Kim, In Joo Kim Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Spectroscopic correlates of antidepressant response to sleep deprivation and light therapy: A 3.0 Tesla study of bipolar depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the human brain, and recent findings suggest a role for the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Single proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to study the relative in vivo levels of brain neural metabolites. We evaluated the effect of antidepressant treatments on the relative concentration of unresolved glutamate and glutamine (Glx) with GABA contamination (2.35 ppm peak) using single voxel 1H-MRS at 3.0 Tesla. We studied 19 inpatients (7 males, 12 females) affected by bipolar disorder type I, curren...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Francesco Benedetti, Giovanna Calabrese, Alessandro Bernasconi, Marcello Cadioli, Cristina Colombo, Sara Dallaspezia, Andrea Falini, Daniele Radaelli, Giuseppe Scotti, Enrico Smeraldi Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Altered white matter microstructure in adolescent substance usersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Chronic marijuana use during adolescence is frequently comorbid with heavy alcohol consumption and associated with CNS alterations, yet the influence of early cannabis and alcohol use on microstructural white matter integrity is unclear. Building on evidence that cannabinoid receptors are present in myelin precursors and affect glial cell processing, and that excessive ethanol exposure is associated with persistently impaired myelination, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize white matter integrity in heavy substance using and non-using adolescents. We evaluated 36 marijuana and alcohol-using (MJ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sunita Bava, Lawrence R. Frank, Tim McQueeny, Brian C. Schweinsburg, Alecia D. Schweinsburg, Susan F. Tapert Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Patterns of brain activity during a semantic task differentiate normal aging from early Alzheimer's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In a study of the effects of normal and pathological aging on semantic-related brain activity, 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 19 controls subjects (10 young and 9 older controls) performed a version of the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test that had been adapted for use during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Young and older controls activated the left inferior and middle frontal gyri, precuneus and superior parietal lobule. Right frontal and left temporal cortices were activated only in the young. The AD group activated only the left prefrontal and cingulate cortex. Separate analyses of hig...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: William Jonathan McGeown, Michael Fraser Shanks, Katrina Elaine Forbes-McKay, Annalena Venneri Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Regional distribution and behavioral correlates of 5-HT2A receptors in Alzheimer's disease with [18F]deuteroaltanserin and PETEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to define regional reductions in 5-HT2A binding in AD patients and to examine their behavioral correlates. Nine patients with probable AD and eight elderly controls were studied using a constant infusion paradigm for equilibrium modeling of [18F]deuteroaltanserin with positron emission tomography (PET). Region of interest analyses were performed on PET images coregistered to MRI scans. The outcome measures BPP (ratio of specific brain uptake to total plasma parent concentration) and BPND (ratio of specific to nondisplaceable uptake) were obtained for pertinent cortical and subcortical regions. AD patients ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lekshmi Santhosh, Kristina M. Estok, Rebecca S. Vogel, Gilles D. Tamagnan, Ronald M. Baldwin, Effie M. Mitsis, Martha G. MacAvoy, Julie K. Staley, Christopher H. van Dyck Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Gender difference in relationship between anxiety-related personality traits and cerebral brain glucose metabolismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Recent functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that specific brain regions might be associated with the formation of anxiety-related personality traits, which are well known to be influenced by gender. Such anxiety-related personality traits are one of the representative predisposing factors for mood and anxiety disorders, whose incidence is also known to be much influenced by gender. However, little is known about the gender differences in brain function related to anxiety-related personality traits. The aim of the present study was to examine gender-related differences in the pattern of the relationships...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yuko Hakamata, Mikio Iwase, Hiroshi Iwata, Toshiki Kobayashi, Tsuneo Tamaki, Masami Nishio, Hiroshi Matsuda, Norio Ozaki, Toshiya Inada Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

A functional and structural study of emotion and face processing in children with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Children with autism exhibit impairment in the processing of socioemotional information. The amygdala, a core structure centrally involved in socioemotional functioning, has been implicated in the neuropathology of autism. We collected structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI) in children 8 to 12 years of age with high-functioning autism (n=12) and typical development (n=15). The functional MRI experiment involved matching facial expressions and people. Volumetric analysis of the amygdala was also performed. The results showed that children with autism exhibited intact emotion matching, while show...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Blythe A. Corbett, Vanessa Carmean, Susan Ravizza, Carter Wendelken, Melissa L. Henry, Cameron Carter, Susan M. Rivera Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Right prefrontal brain activation due to Stroop interference is altered in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder — A functional near-infrared spectroscopy studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common finding in school children. Because it was suggested to be related to frontal lobe dysfunction, we hypothesized that brain activation would be altered during an event-related color–word matching Stroop task in comparison to a healthy control group. Twelve medication-free boys suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were compared with 12 education- and age-matched healthy boys. As an imaging method we applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy, because it is particularly insensitive to movement artifacts and, accordingly, well suited for stu...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sonya Jourdan Moser, Simone Cutini, Peter Weber, Matthias L. Schroeter Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Increase of striatal dopamine transmission in first episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients as demonstrated by [123I]IBZM SPECTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Acute psychotic exacerbation in schizophrenia is associated with a “striatal hyperdopaminergic state”. The aim of this investigation was to test this hypothesis by assessing striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and the specific D2 radioligand [123I]IBZM in first episode, drug-naïve, schizophrenic patients and compare it with that in healthy control subjects. Additionally, D2 radioligand binding was correlated with the extent of psychopathology assessed by specific rating scales including Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Twenty-three ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gisela Johanna Elisabeth Schmitt, Eva Maria Meisenzahl, Thomas Frodl, Christian La Fougère, Klaus Hahn, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Stefan Dresel Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Symptomatic and functional correlates of regional brain physiology during working memory processing in patients with recent onset schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia show altered patterns of functional activation during working memory processing; specifically, high-performing patients appear to hyper-activate and low-performing patients appear to hypo-activate when compared with controls. It remains unclear how these individual differences in neurophysiological activation relate to the clinical presentation of the syndrome. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the relationship is examined using partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate statistical technique that selects underlying latent variables based on the covariance be...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jacqueline H. Sanz, Katherine H. Karlsgodt, Carrie E. Bearden, Theo G.M. van Erp, Rajesh R. Nandy, Joseph Ventura, Keith Nuechterlein, Tyrone D. Cannon Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Brain activation during executive processes in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Schizophrenia patients show some deficits in executive processes (impaired behavioural performance and abnormal brain functioning). The aim of this study is to explore the brain activity of schizophrenia patients during different inhibitory tasks. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate to investigate the restraint and deletion aspects of inhibition in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 12 normal subjects during the performance of the Hayling and the N-back tasks. The patients demonstrated impaired performance (more errors and longer reaction times) in the Hayling task. Schizophrenia subjects...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aurélie Royer, Fabien Christian Georges Schneider, Anne Grosselin, Jacques Pellet, Fabrice-Guy Barral, Bernard Laurent, Denis Brouillet, François Lang Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Gray matter abnormalities in subjects at ultra-high risk for schizophrenia and first-episode schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides further evidence that gray matter brain volume, especially in the anterior cingulate cortex, is already reduced in the prodromal state of schizophrenia. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Henning Witthaus, Christian Kaufmann, Georg Bohner, Seza Özgürdal, Yehonala Gudlowski, Jürgen Gallinat, Stephan Ruhrmann, Martin Brüne, Andreas Heinz, Randolf Klingebiel, Georg Juckel Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - August 28, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Amygdala hyperactivation in untreated depressed individualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides in vivo imaging evidence to support the hypothesis of abnormal amygdala functioning in depressed individuals. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marco A.M. Peluso, David C. Glahn, Koji Matsuo, E. Serap Monkul, Pablo Najt, Frank Zamarripa, Jinqi Li, Jack L. Lancaster, Peter T. Fox, Jia-Hong Gao, Jair C. Soares Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Longitudinal 4.0 Tesla 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes in the anterior cingulate and left thalamus in first episode schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Progressive volumetric losses in schizophrenia may be preceded by abnormal cell membrane metabolism. Longitudinal changes in membrane metabolites were quantified with 31P MRS in the anterior cingulate and left thalamus of 13 first episode schizophrenic patients and 13 healthy volunteers at baseline and 30 months. Glycerophosphocholine was higher in patients at baseline in the anterior cingulate and glycerophosphoethanolamine was lower in the left thalamus at 30 months compared with patients at baseline and volunteers at 30 months. These observations suggest longitudinal changes in membrane metabolites consisten...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jodi Miller, Peter Williamson, J. Eric Jensen, Rahul Manchanda, Ravi Menon, Richard Neufeld, Nagalingam Rajakumar, William Pavlosky, Maria Densmore, Betsy Schaefer, Dick J. Drost Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

An MRI-based approach for the measurement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. Previous region-of-interest MRI studies that attempted to delineate this region adopted various landmarks and measurement techniques, with inconsistent results. We developed a new region-of-interest measurement method to obtain morphometric data of this region from structural MRI scans, taking into account knowledge from cytoarchitectonic postmortem studies and the large inter-individual variability of this region. MRI scans of 10 subjects were obtained, and DLPFC tracing was performed in the coronal plane b...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marsal Sanches, Sheila Caetano, Mark Nicoletti, E. Serap Monkul, Hua Hsuan Chen, John P. Hatch, Ping-Hong Yeh, Rachel L. Mullis, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Grazyna Rajowska, Jair C. Soares Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Oral glycine administration increases brain glycine/creatine ratios in men: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Oral high-dose glycine administration has been used as an adjuvant treatment for schizophrenia to enhance glutamate neurotransmission and mitigate glutamate system hypofunction thought to contribute to the disorder. Prior studies in schizophrenia subjects documented clinical improvements after 2 weeks of oral glycine administration, suggesting that brain glycine levels are sufficiently elevated to evoke a clinical response within that time frame. However, no human study has reported on brain glycine changes induced by its administration. We utilized a noninvasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) t...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marc J. Kaufman, Andrew P. Prescot, Dost Ongur, A. Eden Evins, Tanya L. Barros, Carissa L. Medeiros, Julie Covell, Liqun Wang, Maurizio Fava, Perry F. Renshaw Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Neural response to lidocaine in healthy subjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that some of cocaine's central nervous system (CNS) effects may be mediated through its sodium channel inhibiting local anesthetic properties. Local anesthetics that lack cocaine's strong affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT) also produce sensory and mood effects, further suggesting a role for this neural pathway. Due to an absence of affinity at the DAT, the local anesthetic lidocaine may offer the potential to assess sodium channel activity in vivo in humans. To assess the utility of lidocaine as a CNS probe, we determined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with single photon emiss...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Bryon Adinoff, Michael D. Devous, Donald C. Cooper, Susan E. Best, Thomas S. Harris, Mark J. Williams Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Sexually dimorphic gray matter volume reduction in patients with panic disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: While clinical features of panic disorder show significant sexual dimorphism, previous structural MRI studies have not sufficiently controlled for sex when looking at regional brain abnormalities in panic disorder. Using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), regional gray matter volume was compared between 24 patients (male/female: 9/15) with panic disorder and 24 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Significant gray matter volume reductions were found in the bilateral dorsomedial and right ventromedial prefrontal cortices, right amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insular cortex, occipitotempo...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Takeshi Asami, Hidenori Yamasue, Fumi Hayano, Motoaki Nakamura, Kumi Uehara, Tatsui Otsuka, Tomohide Roppongi, Namiko Nihashi, Tomio Inoue, Yoshio Hirayasu Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The relation of worry to prefrontal cortex volume in older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Despite the widespread prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in later life, almost nothing is known about the neural aspects of worry in adults over the age of 60. Given the ongoing rapid increase in the older adult population, the relatively poor response rates to current interventions for late life GAD, and the effects of age-related changes to the brain, additional research on worry neurobiology is needed. The study group comprised 15 older GAD patients and 15 matched controls who were compared on clinical measures and brain volumes. It was expected that prefrontal cortex (PFC) volumes [medial orbit...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jan Mohlman, Rebecca B. Price, Dana A. Eldreth, Daniel Chazin, Dorie M. Glover, Wendy R. Kates Tags: Articles Source Type: journals