Hippocampal activation and memory performance in schizophrenia depend on strategy use in a virtual maze
Different strategies may be spontaneously adopted to solve most navigation tasks. These strategies are associated with dissociable brain systems. Here, we use brain-imaging and cognitive tasks to test the hypothesis that individuals living with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) have selective impairment using a hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation strategy. Brain activation and memory performance were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the 4-on-8 virtual maze (4/8VM) task, a human analog of the rodent radial-arm maze that is amenable to both response-based (egocentric or landmark-ba...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leanne K. Wilkins, Todd A. Girard, Katherine A. Herdman, Bruce K. Christensen, Jelena King, Michael Kiang, Veronique D. Bohbot Source Type: research
Hippocampal activation and memory in schizophrenia depend on spatial strategy use in a virtual maze
Different strategies may be spontaneously adopted to solve most navigation tasks. These strategies are associated with dissociable brain systems. Here, we use brain-imaging and cognitive tasks to test the hypothesis that individuals living with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) have selective impairment using a hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation strategy. Brain activation and memory performance were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the 4-on-8 virtual maze (4/8VM) task, a human analog of the rodent radial-arm maze that is amenable to both response-based (egocentric or landmark-ba...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leanne K. Wilkins, Todd A. Girard, Katherine A. Herdman, Bruce K. Christensen, Jelena King, Michael Kiang, Veronique D. Bohbot Source Type: research
Childhood Maltreatment is Associated with Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in Patients with First-Episode Depression
Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that childhood maltreatment (CM) can affect brain function and structure and constitutes a potent risk of developing depression. The present study attempts to differentiate the effect of CM from the impact of depression diagnosis on brain structure. Eighty-four patients with first-episode depression and 84 controls participated in this study. All subjects underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Voxel-based morphometric analysis of variance (ANOVA), between-group comparison, and regression analyses were performed on a whole-brain level to identify the unbiased effe...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shuran Yang, Yuqi Cheng, Yin Mo, Yan Bai, Zonglin Shen, Fang Liu, Na Li, Linlin Jiang, Wei Chen, Yi Lu, Xuejin Sun, Xiufeng Xu Source Type: research
Structural brain correlates of interpersonal violence: systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Owing to inconsistent nomenclature and results, we have undertaken a label-based review and anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of studies measuring the quantitative association between regional grey matter (GM) volume and interpersonal violence. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified studies by searching 3 online databases (Embase, Medline, PsycInfo) and reference lists. Thirty-five studies were included in the label-based review, providing information for 1288 participants and 86 brain regions. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jelle Lamsma, Clare Mackay, Seena Fazel Source Type: research
Lifetime PTSD and Geriatric Depression Symptomatology Relate to Altered Dorsomedial Frontal and Amygdala Morphometry
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects a large portion of combat deployed Veterans. Moreover, many individuals also suffer from comorbid late life depression (geriatric depression; GD). While a great deal of research has begun to characterize the morphometric features of PTSD and depression individually, few studies have investigated the interacting effect of these two disorders, specifically in a Veteran population. The current study used cortical and subcortical surface-based morphometry (SBM) in combination with psychological assessments of PTSD and GD symptom severity to examine morphometric alterations in Vietna...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 25, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lindsay K. Knight, Farah Naaz, Teodora Stoica, Brendan E. Depue, for the Alzheimer ’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Source Type: research
Regional decrease in gray matter volume is related to body dissatisfaction in anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa (AN), which is a psychiatric disorder that typically affects teenage females, is characterized by severe weight loss, relentless pursuit of thinness, a refusal to maintain body weight at 85% of the expected standard for age and height, food restriction, and strong fears of becoming fat (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, 2000). The prognosis of AN is poor for some patients, because patients with AN tend to be resistant to most medical treatments due to their poor understanding of their disease. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kunihiro Kohmura, Yasunori Adachi, Satoshi Tanaka, Hiroto Katayama, Miho Imaeda, Naoko Kawano, Kazuo Nishioka, Masahiko Ando, Tetsuya Iidaka, Norio Ozaki Source Type: research
Manual morphometry of hippocampus and amygdala in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Previous studies have pointed to the involvement of limbic structures in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present researchers manually segmented magnetic resonance images of 30 individuals with ADHD and 30 individually matched controls, focusing on amygdala and hippocampus volumes. Neither hippocampus nor amygdala volume differed significantly between individuals with and without ADHD. However, ADHD patients with higher hyperactivity scores had significantly smaller left amygdala volumes. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kathrin Nickel, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Evgeniy Perlov, Renate Jitten-Schachenmeier, Daniel Beier, Dominique Endres, Peter Goll, Alexandra Philipsen, Simon Maier Source Type: research
Subcortical Surface Shape in Youth at Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is an incapacitating disorder: the effects of cognitive deficits (e.g. impaired attention, memory), positive symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations), and negative symptoms (e.g. social withdrawal) (Keshavan et al., 2011) may lead to severe functional disability. First-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia, including offspring, dizygotic twins and full siblings, are at familial high risk for developing schizophrenia (HRSZ) and have about a 10% chance of developing the disorder (Gottesman, 1991). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - July 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kathryn Hill, Nicolas Bolo, Suraj Sarvode Mothi, Paulo Lizano, Synthia Guimond, Neeraj Tandon, Elena Molokotos, Matcheri Keshavan Source Type: research
Reduced Lateral Prefrontal Cortical Volume is associated with Performance on the Modified Iowa Gambling Task: A Surface Based Morphometric Analysis of Previously Deployed Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), or Co-occurring PTSD/mTBI
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are two of the most common consequences of combat deployment. Estimates of comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI are as high as 42% in combat exposed Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) Veterans. Combat deployed Veterans with PTSD and/or mTBI exhibit deficits in classic executive function (EF) tasks. Similarly, the extant neuroimaging literature consistently indicates abnormalities of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala/hippocampal complex in these individuals. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nicholas D. Fogleman, Farah Naaz, Lindsay K. Knight, Teodora Stoica, Samantha C. Patton, Jennifer H. Olson-Madden, Meghan. C. Barnhart, Trisha A. Hostetter, Jeri Forster, Lisa A. Brenner, Marie T. Banich, Brendan E. Depue Source Type: research
Oxytocin effects on emotional response to others ’ faces via serotonin system in autism: A pilot study
The oxytocin (OT)-related serotonergic system is thought to play an important role in the etiology and social symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no evidence exists for the relation between the prosocial effect of chronic OT administration and the brain serotonergic system. Ten male subjects with ASD were administered OT for 8 –10 weeks in an open-label, single-arm, non-randomized, uncontrolled manner. Before and during the OT treatment, positron emission tomography was used with the (11C)-3-amino-4-(2-[(demethylamino)methyl]phenylthio)benzonitrile(11C-DASB) radiotracer. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mina Fukai, Tetsu Hirosawa, Mitsuru Kikuchi, Yasuomi Ouchi, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yuko Yoshimura, Yoshiaki Miyagishi, Hirotaka Kosaka, Masamichi Yokokura, Etsuji Yoshikawa, Tomoyasu Bunai, Yoshio Minabe Source Type: research
The association between in vivo central noradrenaline transporter availability and trait impulsivity
The brain noradrenaline (NA) system, particularly NA transporters (NAT), are thought to play an important role in modulating impulsive behavior. Impaired impulsivity is implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions; however, an in vivo link between central NAT availability and human impulsivity has not been shown. Using positron emission tomography (PET) and S,S-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB), we tested whether NAT availability is associated with this basic behavioral trait based on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) in twenty healthy individuals (12 females, 33.8 ± 9.3, 21–52 years of age) with a body mas...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Swen Hesse, Ulrich M üller, Michael Rullmann, Julia Luthardt, Anke Bresch, Georg-Alexander Becker, Franziska Zientek, Marianne Patt, Philipp M. Meyer, Matthias Blüher, Maria Strauß, Wiebke Fenske, Mohammed Hankir, Yu-Shin Ding, Anja Hilbert, Osama Sabr Source Type: research
Longitudinal investigation of the parietal lobe anatomy in bipolar disorder and its association with general functioning
The parietal lobe (PL) supports cognitive domains, including attention and memory, which are impaired in bipolar disorder (BD). Although cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry studies found reduced PL grey matter (GM) in BD, none has longitudinally focused on PL anatomy in BD, relating it to patients ’ functioning. Thirty-eight right-handed BD patients and 42 matched healthy subjects (HS) underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan at baseline. Seventeen BD patients and 16 matched HS underwent a follow-up MRI. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adele Ferro, Carolina Bonivento, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Marcella Bellani, Cinzia Perlini, Nicola Dusi, Veronica Marinelli, Mirella Ruggeri, A. Carlo Altamura, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Paolo Brambilla Source Type: research
White matter abnormalities in treatment-naive adolescents at the earliest stages of Anorexia Nervosa: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Few studies have examined white matter (WM) integrity in long-lasting Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). In this paper, we investigated WM integrity at the earliest stages of AN (i.e. less than 6 months duration). Fourteen treatment-naive female adolescents with AN restrictive type (AN-r) in its earliest stages and 15 age-matched healthy females received brain MRI. Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Axial Diffusivity (AD), Radial diffusivity (RD), and Mean Diffusivity (MD) maps were computed from DTI data using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analysis. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Santino Gaudio, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi, Claudia Piervincenzi, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Francesca Romana Montecchi, Antonios Dakanalis, Giuseppe Riva, Filippo Carducci Source Type: research
Proximity Alert! Distance Related Cuneus Activation in Military Veterans with Anger and Aggression Problems
This study therefore investigated effects on neural activation related to threat and escapability among veterans with deployment experience. Twenty-seven male veterans with anger and aggression problems (Anger group) and 30 Control veterans performed a virtual predator-task during fMRI measurement. In this task, threat and proximity were manipulated. The distance of cues determined their possibility for escape. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lieke Heesink, Thomas Gladwin, David Terburg, Jack van Honk, Rolf Kleber, Elbert Geuze Source Type: research
Associations between psychopathic traits and brain activity during instructed false responding
In this study, we examine brain activity in sixteen individuals with varying degrees of psychopathic traits during a task in which they are instructed to falsify information or tell the truth about autobiographical and non-autobiographical facts, some of which was related to criminal behavior. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - June 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Andrea L. Glenn, Hyemin Han, Yaling Yang, Adrian Raine, Robert A. Schug Source Type: research
