Glutamatergic and neural dysfunction in postpartum depression using magnetic resonance spectroscopy
This study aimed to evaluate brain metab olites abnormalities in women with PPD compared with healthy postpartum (HP) women. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 25, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carlos E. Rosa, Jair C. Soares, Felipe P. Figueiredo, Ricardo C. Cavalli, Marco A. Barbieri, Maristela S. Spanghero, Carlos E.G. Salmon, Cristina M. Del-Ben, Antonio C. Santos Source Type: research

Cognitive Performance is Associated with Gray Matter Decline in First-Episode Psychosis
Progressive loss of gray matter has been demonstrated over the early course of schizophrenia. Identification of an association between cognition and gray matter may lead to development of early interventions directed at preserving gray matter volume and cognitive ability. The present study evaluated the association between gray matter using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cognitive testing in a sample of 16 patients with first-episode psychosis. A simple regression was applied to investigate the association between gray matter at baseline and 80 months and cognitive tests at baseline. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kara Dempster, Ross Norman, Jean Th éberge, Maria Densmore, Betsy Schaefer, Peter Williamson Source Type: research

Using short-range and long-range functional connectivity to identify schizophrenia with a family-based case-control design
This study was conducted to examine the potential of short-range and long-range FCs for differentiating the patients from the controls with a family-based case-control design. Twenty-eight first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia, 28 unaffected siblings of the patients (family-based controls, FBCs), and 40 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wenbin Guo, Feng Liu, Jindong Chen, Renrong Wu, Lehua Li, Zhikun Zhang, Huafu Chen, Jingping Zhao Source Type: research

Basal Forebrain Mediated Increase in Brain CRF is Associated with Increased Cholinergic Tone and Depression
Cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb originates from the basal forebrain area, an area of the brain characterized as a network of cholinergic neurons distinguishable by four cell groups (Mesulam et al., 1983a, 1983b). The basal forebrain is comprised of (1) the septal area which provides a projection into the hippocampus with 10% of its neurons presenting as cholinergic; (2) the diagonal band nucleus, comprised of ~70% cholinergic neurons; (3) the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band, with ~1% cholinergic neurons, and finally, (4) the nucleus basalis of Meynert, c...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jackie K. Gollan, Hongxin Dong, Davide Bruno, Jay Nierenberg, Jos é N. Nobrega, Michel J. Grothe, Bruce G. Pollock, Charles R. Marmar, Stefan Teipel, John G. Csernansky, Nunzio Pomara Source Type: research

Emotional face processing in adolescents with childhood sexual abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder, internalizing disorders and healthy controls
About one in ten children worldwide experience Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA; Stoltenborgh et al., 2011), with all too often long lasting and devastating consequences. These include a variety of psychiatric disorders related to emotion dysregulation, that usually last into adulthood (Anda et al., 2006; Fergusson et al., 2013). In order to develop early interventions and personalize treatment to reduce the impact of CSA, better insight in the neural sequelae of CSA, especially in adolescence, is warranted. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marie-Jos é van Hoof, Bianca G. van den Bulk, Serge A.R.B. Rombouts, Mirjam A.W. Rinne-Albers, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Robert R.J.M. Vermeiren Source Type: research

White matter microstructural abnormalities and their association with anticipatory anhedonia in depression
We examined specifically the correlation between WM characteristics and anhedonia measured with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) in MDD patients. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xin-hua Yang, Yi Wang, Dong-fang Wang, Kai Tian, Eric F.C. Cheung, Guang-rong Xie, Raymond C.K. Chan Source Type: research

Automated Detection of Pathologic White Matter Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease Using Combined diffusivity and Kurtosis Method
In this study, we hypothesize that the combination of diffusivity and kurtosis in DKI improves the capacity of DKI to detect Alzheimer's disease compared with diffusivity or kurtosis alone. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yuanyuan Chen, Miao Sha, Xin Zhao, Jianguo Ma, Hongyan Ni, Wei Gao, Dong Ming Source Type: research

Network modeling of resting state connectivity points towards the bottom up theories of schizophrenia
The dysconnectivity theory of schizophrenia proposes that schizophrenia symptoms arise from abnormalities in neuronal synchrony. Resting-state Functional Connectivity (FC) techniques allow us to highlight synchronization of large-scale networks, the Resting-state Networks (RNs). A large body of work suggests that disruption of RN synchronization could give rise to specific schizophrenia symptoms. The present study aimed to explore within- and between-network FC strength of 34 RNs in 29 patients suffering from schizophrenia, and their relationships with schizophrenia symptoms. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fran çois Orliac, Pascal Delamillieure, Nicolas Delcroix, Mikael Naveau, Perrine Brazo, Annick Razafimandimby, Sonia Dollfus, Marc Joliot Source Type: research

Meditation and the brain – Neuronal correlates of mindfulness as assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy
In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect differences in hemodynamic responses of meditation experts (14 participants) and a control group (16 participants) in a resting and a mindfulness condition. In both conditions, the sound of a meditation bowl was used to find group differences in the auditory system and adjacent cortical areas. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Friederike Gundel, Johanna von Spee, Sabrina Schneider, Florian B. Haeussinger, Martin Hautzinger, Michael Erb, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis Source Type: research

Relationship of mindful awareness to neural processing of angry faces and impact of mindfulness training: A pilot investigation
This study examined the relationship of mindful awareness and brain hemodynamics of angry face processing, and the impact of mindfulness training. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Athene K.W. Lee, David A. Gansler, Nanyin Zhang, Matthew W. Jerram, Jean A. King, Carl Fulwiler Source Type: research

Meditation and the brain –neuronal correlates of mindfulness as assessed with near infrared spectroscopy
In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect differences in hemodynamic responses of meditation experts (14 participants) and a control group (16 participants) in a resting and a mindfulness condition. In both conditions, the sound of a meditation bowl was used to find group differences in the auditory system and adjacent cortical areas. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Friederike Gundel, Johanna von Spee, Sabrina Schneider, Florian B. Haeussinger, Martin Hautzinger, Michael Erb, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis Source Type: research

Electroconvulsive therapy changes the regional resting state function measured by regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in elderly major depressive disorder patients: an exploratory study
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective and rapid treatment for severe major depressive disorder (MDD) in elderly patients. The mechanism of ECT is unclear, and studies on ECT in elderly MDD patients by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging are rare. Thirteen elderly MDD patients were scanned before and after ECT using a 3.0T MRI scanner. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) were processed to compare resting-state function before and after treatment. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiao-ming Kong, Shu-xian Xu, Yan Sun, Ke-yong Wang, Chen Wang, Ji Zhang, Jin-xiang Xia, Li Zhang, Bai-jian Tan, Xin-hui Xie Source Type: research

Functional connectivity of the circadian clock and neural substrates of sleep-wake disturbance in delirium
A possible mechanism of disrupted circadian rhythms in delirium was identified using resting-state functional connectivity. Thirty-four delirious patients and 38 non-delirious controls were scanned for resting-state functional MRI. Seed-based connectivity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was compared between the groups. In delirious patients functional connectivity from the circadian clock was increased to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and decreased to the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, and thalamus. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - April 3, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sunghyon Kyeong, Soo-Hee Choi, Jung Eun Shin, Woo Suk Lee, Kyu Hyun Yang, Tae-Sub Chung, Jae-Jin Kim Source Type: research

Clinical Correlates of Hippocampus Volume and Shape in Antipsychotic-na ïve Schizophrenia
In this study, we analyzed the volume and shape of hippocampus in antipsychotic-na ïve schizophrenia patients (N=71) in comparison to healthy controls (N=82). Using 3-Tesla MRI data, gray matter (GM) volume (anterior and posterior sub-divisions) and shape of the hippocampus were analyzed. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 29, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sunil Vasu Kalmady, Venkataram Shivakumar, Rashmi Arasappa, Aditi Subramaniam, S Gautham, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Bangalore N. Gangadhar Source Type: research

Functional network connectivity alterations in schizophrenia and depression
In this study, we performed a group independent component analysis on resting-state functional MRI data from 20 MDD patients, 24 schizophrenia patients, and 43 matched healthy controls. The functional network connectivity analysis revealed that, compared to healthy controls, the MDD and schizophrenia patients exhibited convergent decreased positive connectivity between the left and right fronto-parietal control network and decreased negative connectivity between the left control and medial visual networks. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xing-jie Wu, Ling-Li Zeng, Hui Shen, Lin Yuan, Jian Qin, Peng Zhang, De-wen Hu Source Type: research