Gray matter volumes may predict the clinical response to paliperidone palmitate long-acting in acute psychosis: A pilot longitudinal neuroimaging study
In schizophrenia, paliperidone palmitate (PP) long acting injectable (LAI) has been reported to sustain plasma concentrations and improve clinical symptoms. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated the important role of total gray matter (GM) volumes in predicting the clinical outcome. However, no studies investigating the association between PP-LAI treatment and brain morphometry has been published so far. Therefore, the main aim of our 24 weeks prospective observational exploratory study was to investigate the relation between brain anatomy and clinical outcome in seven patients with acute psychosis treated with PP-LAI. (...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: A. Carlo Altamura, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Silvia Paletta, Chiara Di Pace, Alessandra Reggiori, Alessio Fiorentini, M. Donatella Mirabile, Riccardo A. Paoli, Claudia Cinnante, Fabio Triulzi, Massimo C. Mauri, Paolo Brambilla Source Type: research
Grey matter volumes may predict the clinical response to paliperidone palmitate long-acting in acute psychosis: a pilot longitudinal neuroimaging study
In schizophrenia, paliperidone palmitate (PP) long acting injectable (LAI) has been reported to sustain plasma concentrations and improve clinical symptoms. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated the important role of total gray matter (GM) volumes in predicting the clinical outcome. However, no studies investigating the association between PP-LAI treatment and brain morphometry has been published so far. Therefore, the main aim of our 24 weeks prospective observational exploratory study was to investigate the relation between brain anatomy and clinical outcome in seven patients with acute psychosis treated with PP-LAI. (...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carlo Altamura, Giuseppe Delvecchio, Silvia Paletta, Chiara Di Pace, Alessandra Reggiori, Alessio Fiorentini, M. Donatella Mirabile, Riccardo A. Paoli, Claudia Cinnante, Fabio Triulzi, Massimo C. Mauri, Paolo Brambilla Source Type: research
Using probabilistic tractography to target the subcallosal cingulate cortex in patients with treatment resistant depression
The lack of efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subcallosal cingulate (SCC) in treatment resistant depression (TRD) may be due in part to suboptimal targeting. In two patients treated with SCC DBS for TRD we assessed the voxel-wise probabilistic connectivity of SCC with four tractography-defined target areas implicated in depression, thereby identifying the tractography-optimized target (TOT). Compared to the non-responder, the responder ’s DBS leads were implanted and stimulation was delivered closer to the TOT. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Evangelia Tsolaki, Randall Espinoza, Nader Pouratian Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Using Probablistic Tractography to Target the Subcallosal Cingulate Cortex in Patients with Treatment Resistant Depression
The lack of efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subcallosal cingulate (SCC) in treatment resistant depression (TRD) may be due in part to suboptimal targeting. In two patients treated with SCC DBS for TRD we assessed the voxel-wise probabilistic connectivity of SCC with four tractography-defined target areas implicated in depression, thereby identifying the tractography-optimized target (TOT). Compared to the non-responder, the responder ’s DBS leads were implanted and stimulation was delivered closer to the TOT. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Evangelia Tsolaki, Randall Espinoza, Nader Pouratian Source Type: research
123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy with early images alone is useful for the differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies
The objective of this study was to evaluate statistically the usefulness of the heart/mediastinum ratio (H/M) from the early phase of MIBG for the differential diagnosis of DLB. In total, 113 patients were examined, including 32 non-DLB (19 with Alzheimer's dementia) and 79 DLB patients. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 18, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yuta Manabe, Yoshitaka Inui, Hiroshi Toyama, Kenji Kosaka Source Type: research
Functional Connectivity When Detecting Rare Visual Targets in Schizophrenia
Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate difficulties in attending to important stimuli (e.g., targets) and ignoring distractors (e.g., non-targets). We used a visual oddball task during fMRI to examine functional connectivity within and between the ventral and dorsal attention networks to determine the relative contribution of each network to detection of rare visual targets in schizophrenia. The sample comprised 25 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls. Psychophysiological interaction analysis was used to examine whole-brain functional connectivity in response to targets. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amy M. Jimenez, Junghee Lee, Michael F. Green, Jonathan K. Wynn Source Type: research
Treatment for social anxiety disorder alters functional connectivity in emotion regulation neural circuitry
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized at a neurobiological level by disrupted activity in emotion regulation neural circuitry. Previous work has demonstrated amygdala hyperreactivity and disrupted prefrontal responses to social cues in individuals with SAD (Kim et al., 2011). While exposure-based psychological treatments effectively reduce SAD symptoms, not all individuals respond to treatment. Better understanding of the neural mechanisms involved offers the potential to improve treatment efficacy. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katherine S. Young, Lisa J. Burklund, Jared Torre, Darby Saxbe, Matthew D. Lieberman, Michelle G. Craske Source Type: research
Electrophysiological basis of reading related phonological impairment in Chinese speakers with schizophrenia: an ERP study
Chinese patients with schizophrenia showed impaired phonological processing skills. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jiuju Wang, Qi Liu, Taeko N. Wydell, Jinmin Liao, Fang Wang, Wenxiang Quan, Ju Tian, Pengfei Wang, Jin Liu, Wentian Dong Source Type: research
Frontal Activity During a Verbal Emotional Working Memory Task in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Emotional – compared to non-emotional - information is more likely to be remembered. This emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) is a well-known phenomenon especially among healthy young people (Baran et al., 2014; Kensinger et al., 2002; Kensinger and Corkin, 2003b). The EEM effect was also observed in heal thy older people (Mather and Carstensen, 2005; Schultz et al., 2009). Carstensen and Mikels (2005) proposed that older people utilize a cognitive filter and/or a control mechanism over the afferent stimuli. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fatma Ebru Ate ş, Banu Cangöz, Erguvan Tuğba Özel Kızıl, Bora Baskak, Zeynel Baran, Halise Devrimci Özgüven Source Type: research
Electrocortical Consequences of Image Processing: The Influence of Working Memory Load and Worry
Research suggests that worry precludes emotional processing as well as biases attentional processes. Although there is burgeoning evidence for the relationship between executive functioning and worry, more research in this area is needed. A recent theory suggests one mechanism for the negative effects of worry on neural indicators of attention may be working memory load, however few studies have examined this directly. The goal of the current study was to document the influence of both visual and verbal working memory load and worry on attention allocation during processing of emotional images in a cued image paradigm. (So...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Evan J. White, DeMond M. Grant Source Type: research
Aberrant spontaneous neural activity and correlation with evoked-brain potentials in first-episode, treatment-na ïve patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used extensively to understand the neuropathology of schizophrenia because of its high spatial resolution and non-invasiveness. In particular, resting-state fMRI, in which measurements are taken during rest, has been used to measure intrinsic (spontaneous) brain activity that does not depend on specific tasks. Such activity is typically measured in terms of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) (0.01 –0.08Hz) of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal (He et al., 2013). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 4, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zhe Li, Wei Lei, Wei Deng, Zhong Zheng, Mingli Li, Xiaohong Ma, Qiang Wang, Chaohua Huang, Na Li, David A. Collier, Qiyong Gong, Tao Li Source Type: research
Anomalous subcortical morphology in boys, but not girls, with ADHD compared to typically developing controls and correlates with emotion dysregulation
The objective of this study was to examine morphology (volume and shape) of subcortical structures and their association with emotion dysregulation (ED) in girls and boys with ADHD as compared to their typically-developing (TD) counterparts. Participants included 218 children ages 8 –12 years old with and without DSM-IV ADHD. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - January 4, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Karen E. Seymour, Xiaoying Tang, Deana Crocetti, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Michael I. Miller, Keri S. Rosch Source Type: research
Neural responses to social threat and predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in social anxiety disorder
Previous research has often highlighted hyperactivity in emotion regions to simple, static social threat cues in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Investigation of the neurobiology of SAD using more naturalistic paradigms can further reveal underlying mechanisms and how these relate to clinical outcomes. We used fMRI to investigate responses to novel dynamic rejection stimuli in individuals with SAD (N=70) and healthy controls (HC; N=17), and whether these responses predicted treatment outcomes following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 27, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lisa J. Burklund, Jared B. Torre, Matthew D. Lieberman, Shelley E. Taylor, Michelle G. Craske Source Type: research
Brain connectivity networks and longitudinal trajectories of depression symptoms in adolescence
This study examined the relationship between the developmental timing of depressive symptoms, and brain structural outcomes in late adolescence. In a prior work, we examined longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in 243 adolescents (121 males and 122 females), and identified four subgroups: a normative group with stable low levels of depression, two groups with declining symptoms, and one group with increasing symptoms. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rachel Ellis, Marc L. Seal, Christopher Adamson, Richard Beare, Julian G. Simmons, Sarah Whittle, Nicholas B. Allen Source Type: research
Vertex-wise Examination of Depressive Symptom Dimensions and Brain Volumes in Older Adults
This study used vertex-wise analyses to examine the association between specific symptom dimensions of depression and brain volumes in older adults with subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms. Forty-three community-dwelling adults between the ages of 55 and 81 years underwent a structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - December 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Molly E. McLaren, Sarah M. Szymkowicz, Andrew O'Shea, Adam J. Woods, Stephen D. Anton, Vonetta M. Dotson Source Type: research
