Associations between adolescent cannabis use and brain structure in psychosis
According to the UNO World Drug Report, about 3.8 percent of the global population used cannabis in the past year, roughly the same proportion as in the last decade (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2017), making cannabis among the most frequently used illicit drugs in the world. In the US, the prevalence of cannabis use is on the rise and has reached 13.5% of the population (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 20 17). Cannabis use disorders are a common comorbidity for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, with a recent meta-analysis estimating current canna...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hila Abush, Subroto Ghose, Erin A. Van Enkevort, Brett A. Clementz, Godfrey D. Pearlson, John A. Sweeney, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Carol A. Tamminga, Elena I. Ivleva Source Type: research
Altered grey matter volume and cortical thickness in patients with schizo-obsessive comorbidity
Schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC) has been proposed to delineate the subgroup of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients who also have significant obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms (Attademo et al., 2016; Cunill and Castells, 2011; Swets et al., 2014). In previous studies, the incidence of OC symptoms in SCZ patients has been found to be 10 times higher than the general population (Esslinger et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2014; Tonna et al., 2015). Patients with SOC are characterized by earlier onset, higher hospitalization rate (Owashi et al., 2010), more severe cognitive deficits (Cunill et al., 2013; Schirmbeck et al., 2013) and mor...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yong-ming Wang, Lai-quan Zou, Wen-lan Xie, Zhuo-ya Yang, Xiong-zhao Zhu, Eric F.C. Cheung, Thomas Alrik S ørensen, Arne Møller, Raymond C.K. Chan Source Type: research
Associations between Adolescent Cannabis Use and Brain Structure in Psychosis
According to the UNO World Drug Report, about 3.8 percent of the global population used cannabis in the past year, roughly the same proportion as in the last decade (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2017), making cannabis among the most frequently used illicit drugs in the world. In the US, the prevalence of cannabis use is on the rise and has reached 13.5% of the population (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 20 17). Cannabis use disorders are a common comorbidity for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, with a recent meta-analysis estimating current canna...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hila Abush, Subroto Ghose, Erin A. Van Enkevort, Brett A. Clementz, Godfrey D. Pearlson, John A. Sweeney, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Carol A. Tamminga, Elena I. Ivleva Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Binge eating disorder and morbid obesity are associated with lowered mu-opioid receptor availability in the brain
Obesity and eating disorders are a major public health problem worldwide, and the prevalence of obesity is constantly rising. Despite the economical and academic resources dedicated to obesity research, its neurobiological background still remains poorly understood (Val-Laillet et al., 2015). Recent evidence from human and animals studies however points towards the key contribution of the endogenous opioid system in both food intake and obesity (Nogueiras et al., 2012). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Juho Joutsa, Henry K. Karlsson, Joonas Majuri, Pirjo Nuutila, Semi Helin, Valtteri Kaasinen, Lauri Nummenmaa Source Type: research
Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: A prospective study
Despite decreasing in prevalence in recent years, adolescent smoking remains a significant public health concern. It has been estimated that approximately one-third of adolescents who initiate tobacco use between the ages of 13 –17 become daily smokers (Dierker et al., 2012), with an earlier onset of regular use increasing the risk of heavier and more persistent smoking in adulthood (Breslau and Peterson, 1996; Chassin et al., 2000; Chassin et al., 1990). Adolescent smoking has also been associated with the developme nt of future psychopathology, particularly alcohol and other substance use disorders, major depressiv...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ali Cheetham, Nicholas B. Allen, Sarah Whittle, Julian Simmons, Murat Y ücel, Dan I. Lubman Source Type: research
Binge eating disorder and morbid obesity are associated with lowered mu-opioid receptor availability in the brain
Both morbid obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) have previously been linked with aberrant brain opioid function. Behaviorally these two conditions are however different suggesting also differences in neurotransmitter function. Here we directly compared mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability between morbidly obese and BED subjects. Seven BED and nineteen morbidly obese (non-BED) patients, and thirty matched control subjects underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with MOR-specific ligand [11C]carfentanil. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Juho Joutsa, Henry K. Karlsson, Joonas Majuri, Pirjo Nuutila, Semi Helin, Valtteri Kaasinen, Lauri Nummenmaa Source Type: research
Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: a prospective study
The current study examined amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes as mediators of the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence. Externalizing behaviors are among the most robust predictors of adolescent smoking, and there is emerging evidence that volume reductions in the amygdala and OFC are associated with risk for substance misuse as well as aggressive, impulsive, and disinhibited tendencies. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we recruited 109 adolescents who provided data on brain volume and externalizing behaviors at age 12, and on smoking at age 18. (Source: Psychiat...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ali Cheetham, Nicholas B. Allen, Sarah Whittle, Julian Simmons, Murat Y ücel, Dan I. Lubman Source Type: research
Striatal changes in Parkinson disease: An investigation of morphology, functional connectivity and their relationship to clinical symptoms
We sought to investigate morphological and resting state functional connectivity changes to the striatal nuclei in Parkinson disease (PD) and examine whether changes were associated with measures of clinical function. Striatal nuclei were manually segmented on 3T-T1 weighted MRI scans of 74 PD participants and 27 control subjects, quantitatively analysed for volume, shape and also functional connectivity using functional MRI data. Bilateral caudate nuclei and putamen volumes were significantly reduced in the PD cohort compared to controls. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Conor Owens-Walton, David Jakabek, Xiaozhen Li, Fiona A. Wilkes, Mark Walterfang, Dennis Velakoulis, Danielle van Westen, Jeffrey C.L. Looi, Oskar Hansson Source Type: research
Investigating brain structural patterns in first episode psychosis and schizophrenia using MRI and a machine learning approach
In this study, we employed the Maximum Uncertainty Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) to investigate whether the structural brain patterns in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients would be more similar to patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) or healthy controls (HC), from a schizophrenia model perspective. Brain regions volumetric data were estimated by using MRI images of SCZ and FEP patients and HC. First, we evaluated the MLDA performance in discriminating SCZ from controls, which provided a score based on a model for changes in brain structure in SCZ. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adriana Miyazaki de Moura, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Ary Gadelha, Andr é Zugman, Cristiano Noto, Quirino Cordeiro, Sintia Iole Belangero, Andrea P. Jackowski, Rodrigo A. Bressan, João Ricardo Sato Source Type: research
Disruptions in resting state functional connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients with insomnia symptoms
Insomnia is prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) even during periods of euthymic mood. We compared resting state brain activity and cognitive function between euthymic BD with and without insomnia, and secondarily to healthy individuals. BD patients with insomnia symptoms showed a significantly lower functional connectivity within the task-positive network, compared to those without insomnia. They also showed significantly slower cognitive processing speed. These two features of BD with insomnia appeared relatively independent of each other. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ho-Kyoung Yoon, Sheena I. Dev, Ashley N. Sutherland, Lisa T. Eyler Source Type: research
Investigating brain structural patterns in first episode psychosis and schizophrenia using MRI and a machine learning approach
In this study, we employed the Maximum Uncertainty Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) to investigate whether the structural brain patterns in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients would be more similar to patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) or healthy controls (HC), from a schizophrenia model perspective. Brain regions volumetric data were estimated by using MRI images of SCZ and FEP patients and HC. First, we evaluated the MLDA performance in discriminating SCZ from controls, which provided a score based on a model for changes in brain structure in SCZ. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adriana Miyazaki de Moura, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Ary Gadelha, Andr é Zugman, Cristiano Noto, Quirino Cordeiro, Sintia Iole Belangero, Andrea P. Jackowski, Rodrigo A. Bressan, João Ricardo Sato Source Type: research
Disruptions in Resting State Functional Connectivity in Euthymic Bipolar Patients with Insomnia Symptoms
Insomnia is prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) even during periods of euthymic mood. We compared resting state brain activity and cognitive function between euthymic BD with and without insomnia, and secondarily to healthy individuals. BD patients with insomnia symptoms showed a significantly lower functional connectivity within the task-positive network, compared to those without insomnia. They also showed significantly slower cognitive processing speed. These two features of BD with insomnia appeared relatively independent of each other. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ho-Kyoung Yoon, Sheena I. Dev, Ashley N. Sutherland, Lisa T. Eyler Source Type: research
Individuals with more severe depression fail to sustain nucleus accumbens activity to preferred music over time
We investigated the ability of preferred classical music to activate the nucleus accumbens in patients with Major depressive disorder (MDD). Twelve males with MDD and 10 never mentally ill male healthy controls (HC) completed measures of anhedonia and depression severity, and listened to 90-second segments of preferred classical music during fMRI. Compared to HCs, individuals with MDD showed less activation of the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Individuals with MDD showed attenuation of the left NAcc response in later compared to earlier parts of the experiment, supporting theories that MDD involves an inability to sustain...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - March 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lisanne M. Jenkins, Kristy A. Skerrett, Sophie R. DelDonno, V íctor G. Patrón, Kortni K. Meyers, Scott Peltier, Jon-Kar Zubieta, Scott A. Langenecker, Monica N. Starkman Source Type: research
