Sex differences of hippocampal structure in Bipolar Disorder
Although differential patterns in clinical characteristics have been consistently noted between male and female patients with bipolar disorder (BD), the effect of sex on the hippocampal structure remains unclear. To address this, the present study investigated the effects of BD and sex on the hippocampal structure, and the relationship between the hippocampal structure and cognitive performance. Morphometric and neurocognitive analyses were performed in 91 subjects (patients with BD: male/female=33/19; normal controls: male/female=22/17). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 30, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jing Shi, Hua Guo, Fengmei Fan, Hongzhen Fan, Huimei An, Zhiren Wang, Shuping Tan, Fude Yang, Yunlong Tan Source Type: research
Symptom recovery and relationship to structure of corpus callosum in individuals with an ‘at risk mental state’
The corpus callosum (CC), which connects homologous frontal areas involved in cognitive functions associated with executive functions relevant to schizophrenia (de Lacoste, 1985; David, 1994; Pantelis et al., 1997; Crow 1998), has been implicated in schizophrenia, with evidence of structural abnormalities observed across the various stages of illness (Walterfang et al., 2008a; Whitford et al., 2011). Recently, many studies have revealed that an increase in the severity of psychotic symptoms or deficits in cognitive functions are associated with progressive changes in the CC (Koutsouleris et al., 2010; Bleich-Cohen et al., ...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 29, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Naoyuki Katagiri, Christos Pantelis, Takahiro Nemoto, Naohisa Tsujino, Junichi Saito, Masaaki Hori, Taiju Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki Funatogawa, Masafumi Mizuno Source Type: research
Subcortical Volumetric Differences Between Clinical Stages of Young People with Affective and Psychotic Disorders
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in subcortical and hippocampal volumes between healthy controls, young people at an early stage of affective and psychotic disorders and those in more advanced stages, to identify markers associated with functional outcomes and illness severity. Young people presenting to youth mental health services with admixtures of depressive, manic and psychotic symptoms (n = 141), and healthy counterparts (n = 49), aged 18 –25 were recruited. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessments and were rated as to their current clinical stage. (Source: Psychia...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Peta S. Eggins, Sean N. Hatton, Daniel F. Hermens, Ian B. Hickie, Jim Lagopoulos Source Type: research
Altered resting state functional connectivity in early course schizophrenia
We examined functional connectivity in a clinically homogenous sample of 34 early course schizophrenia patients compared and 19 healthy controls using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI).Mean duration of illness for schizophrenia patients was 4 ±1.78 years. Following a comprehensive clinical assessment, rsfMRI data were acquired using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and analyzed using FSL version 5.01 software (FMRIB's Software Library, www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl).Compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients had significan tly decreased functional connectivity in the left fronto-pa...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aastha Sharma, Arvind Kumar, Sadhana Singh, Triptish Bhatia, R.P. Beniwal, Subash Khushu, Konasale Prasad, Smita N Deshpande Source Type: research
Brain choline in major depression: A review of the literature
The focus of this review is to provide a synthesis of the current literature on the role of brain choline, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), in major depressive disorder (MDD). The most recent 1H-MRS literature review took place over 10 years ago and, reflecting the high level of research on this topic, much has been learned since then. Higher brain choline levels have been linked to an increase in depression, and a cholinergic model for MDD development has been postulated. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Colin A. Riley, Perry F. Renshaw Source Type: research
Brain signature of mild stages of cognitive and behavioral impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
We aimed to assess the brain signature of cognitive and behavioral impairment in C9orf72-negative non-demented ALS patients. The study included 50 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; of the 75 initially recruited, and 38 healthy controls.. High-resolution T1-weighted and spin-echo diffusion tensor images were acquired in a 3T MRI scanner. The multi atlas-based analysis protocol and the FreeSurfer tool were employed for grey matter assessment, and fiber tractography for white matter evaluation. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lucas M T Branco, Thiago J R de Rezende, Caroline de O. Roversi, Tamires Zanao, Raphael F Casseb, Brunno M de Campos, Marcondes C Fran ça Source Type: research
Dopamine in high-risk populations: a comparison of subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and subjects at ultra high-risk for psychosis
Striatal dopamine (DA) dysfunction has been consistently reported in psychotic disorders. Differences and similarities in the pathogenesis between populations at clinical and genetic risk for developing psychosis are yet to be established. Here we explored markers of dopamine (DA) function in subjects meeting clinically ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis (UHR) and in subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a genetic condition associated with significant risk for developing psychotic disorders. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Claudia Vingerhoets, Oswald J.N. Bloemen, Erik Boot, Geor Bakker, Mariken B. de Koning, Fabiana da Silva Alves, Jan Booij, Th érèse A.M.J. van Amelsvoort Source Type: research
Magnetoencephalography reveals an increased non-target P3a, but not target P3b, that is associated with high non-clinical psychosocial deficits
This study used magnetoencephalography to investigate auditory processing differences for those with a high degree of a non-clinical autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype, Social Disorganisation (SD). Participants were 18 low (9 female) and 19 high (9 female) SD scorers (18 –40 years) who completed a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm of speech sounds (standard: 100 ms ‘o’, deviant: 150 ms ‘o’, novel: 150 ms ‘e’). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Talitha C. Ford, Will Woods, David P. Crewther Source Type: research
Reward and loss anticipation in panic disorder: An FMRI study
Patients with panic disorder (PD) are overly sensitive to unpredictably aversive events (Grillon et al., 2008) and have a strong fear of losing control (Starcevic et al., 1993). They have stronger concerns during anticipation of potential problems than control participants (Wiborg et al., 2005). They also show higher activation to panic-pictures in regions involved in interoceptive processing (Engel et al., 2016), pointing to a dysfunctional regulation of negative emotionality. Correspondingly, PD patients display elevated scores on the harm avoidance temperament scale (Ampollini et al., 1997; Izci et al., 2014; Kennedy et...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 14, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dada Held, Philipp Sterzer, Florian Schlagenhauf, Corinna Pehrs, Andre Wittmann, Meline Stoy, Claudia H ägele, Brian Knutson, Andreas Heinz, Andreas Ströhle Source Type: research
Reduced frontal grey matter, life history of aggression, and underlying genetic influence
Physically healthy, adult, same-sexed twins (n = 287) from a population-based twin cohort underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify fronto-limbic brain regions significantly associated with lifetime history of aggression. MRI scans used a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence, for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and history of aggressive behavior was assessed using the Life History of Aggression measure. Aggression had modest, inverse associations with grey matter volume (GMV) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC, b = −0.20, se = 0.05, p (Source: Psychiatry R...
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Emil F. Coccaro, Henk Cremers, Jennifer Fanning, Eryka Nosal, Royce Lee, Sarah Keedy, Kristen C. Jacobson Source Type: research
Attention Training Modulates Resting-State Neurophysiological Abnormalities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
This study examines how these two types of attention training modulate neurological dysfunction in veterans with PTSD. A community sample of 46 combat veterans with PTSD participated in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of ACT versus ABMT and 32 of those veterans also agreed to undergo resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amy Badura-Brack, Timothy J. McDermott, Katherine M. Becker, Tara J. Ryan, Maya M. Khanna, Daniel S. Pine, Yair Bar-Haim, Elizabeth Heinrichs- Graham, Tony W. Wilson Source Type: research
Evidence that reduced gray matter volume in psychotic disorder is associated with exposure to environmental risk factors
The aim of this study was to examine whether cannabis use, childhood trauma and urban upbringing are associated with total gray matter volume (GMV) in individuals with (risk for) psychotic disorder and whether this is sex-specific. T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 patients with a psychotic disorder, 95 healthy siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 87 controls. Multilevel random regression analyses were used to examine main effects and interactions between group, sex and environmental factors in models of GMV. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aleida Frissen, Jim van Os, Sanne Peeters, Ed Gronenschild, Machteld Marcelis, for Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.) Source Type: research
Associations between cortical thickness, structural connectivity and severity of dimensional bulimia nervosa symptomatology
This study examined whether cortical thickness (CT) values scaled with severity of BN cognitions in 33 women with variable BN pathology. We then assessed global structural connectivity (SC) of CT to determine if individual differences in global SC relate to BN symptom severity. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Margaret L. Westwater, Jakob Seidlitz, Kelly M.J. Diederen, Sarah Fischer, James C. Thompson Source Type: research
Functional Connectivity during Affective Mentalizing in Criminal Offenders with Psychotic Disorders: Associations with Clinical Symptoms
Psychotic disorders are associated with neurobehavioral impairments in mental state attribution (mentalizing). These impairments are most severe in psychotic patients with elevated symptom levels, particularly negative and cognitive symptoms. There have been few studies of functional connectivity related to mentalizing in psychotic disorders and associations with symptoms. We conducted a functional MRI study of affective mentalizing in individuals with psychotic disorders and varying symptom levels (positive, negative, cognitive). (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carla L. Harenski, Vince D. Calhoun, Juan R. Bustillo, Brian W. Haas, Jean Decety, Keith A. Harenski, Michael F. Caldwell, Gregory J. Van Rybroek, Michael Koenigs, David M. Thornton, Kent A. Kiehl Source Type: research
Longitudinal effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression on the neural correlates of emotion regulation
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for a substantial minority of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), but its mechanism of action at the neural level is not known. As core techniques of CBT seek to enhance emotion regulation, we scanned 31 MDD participants prior to 14 sessions of CBT using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a task in which participants engaged in a voluntary emotion regulation strategy while recalling negative autobiographical memories. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)
Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging - November 3, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Harry Rubin-Falcone, Jochen Weber, Ronit Kishon, Kevin Ochsner, Lauren Delaparte, Bruce Dor é, Francesca Zanderigo, Maria A. Oquendo, J. John Mann, Jeffrey M. Miller Source Type: research
