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The use of oral contraceptives as a prevention of recurrent premenstrual psychosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of premenstrual psychosis in which hormonal treatment was effective in preventing symptomatic relapses. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marta Coromina Sadurni, Judith Usall Rodie, Laia Miquel de Montagut, Mònica Sánchez Autet Tags: Case Report Source Type: journals

Consistency of immigrant suicide rates in Austria with country-of-birth suicide rates: A role for genetic risk factors for suicide?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Multifaceted evidence (family, twin, adoption, molecular genetic, geographic, and surname studies of suicide) suggests genetic risk factors for suicide. The migrant study design is also informative in this context, but underused. In particular, immigrant studies of suicide with a continental European host country are unavailable. The correspondence of suicide prevalence among 22 immigrant groups in Austria (1970–2006) with those of the homelands during the same period was analyzed. Immigrant and homeland suicide rates were significantly positively associated. Controls for age of suicide victim, immigrant group ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Martin Voracek, Lisa Mariella Loibl, Kanita Dervic, Nestor D. Kapusta, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Gernot Sonneck Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Indices of orbitofrontal and prefrontal function in Cluster B and Cluster C personality disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Neuropsychological studies implicate disruption of frontal systems in personality disorders. Few studies have examined the performance of Cluster B and Cluster C personality disorder patients on tests of orbitofrontal (OFC) and prefrontal (PFC) cortex function. Patients carrying diagnoses of either Cluster B (n=56) or Cluster C (n=19) personality disorders were compared with healthy control subjects (n=61) on the Iowa Gambling Task and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. They also completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence as a control for general intellectual ability. On the gambl...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anthony C. Ruocco, Michael S. McCloskey, Royce Lee, Emil F. Coccaro Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic stress disorder with and without alcohol use disorders: Diagnostic and clinical correlates in a psychiatric sampleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compared outpatients (n=196) with PTSD versus PTSD+alcohol use disorders (AUD) on clinical measures. PTSD+AUD patients were more likely to meet criteria for Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders. Emotion dysregulation may help account for the relationship between PTSD and AUD. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lara A. Ray, Christy Capone, Erin Sheets, Diane Young, Iwona Chelminski, Mark Zimmerman Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Prevalence of insomnia symptoms in sleep laboratory patients with and without sleep apneaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of insomnia symptoms in 100 adult patients referred for laboratory evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sixty-one percent met ISI criteria for a moderate to severe degree of insomnia symptoms. The distribution of insomnia symptoms did not differ by OSA severity. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christine Hagen, Arpita Patel, W. Vaughn McCall Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Electroconvulsive therapy increases glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) serum levels in patients with drug-resistant depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report that serum levels of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were increased following ECT of patients with drug-resistant depression. When patients were sub-classified into ECT responders and non-responders, serum GDNF levels were significantly increased (58%) in responsive patients following ECT. No significant increase was seen in non-responders. These results suggest that successful ECT may be associated with elevated serum GDNF levels. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaobin Zhang, Zhijun Zhang, Weiwei Sha, Chunming Xie, Guangjun Xi, Honghui Zhou, Yumei Zhang Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The impact of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CD24 gene on the risk and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated in the Iranian population. Our data revealed that the susceptibility and the progression of MS in individuals with the CD24V/V genotype were greater than in those with the CD24A/V and CD24A/A genotypes. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mohammad Ronaghi, Sadeq Vallian, Masoud Etemadifar Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

Distinct affective processing of emotionally stimulating written words and pictures in patients with alcohol dependenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We explored the affective processing of patients with alcohol dependence to emotionally stimulating written words and pictures. The alcoholic group demonstrated dichotomous responses and was incapable of compromising in neutral conditions. The dichotomous response pattern and positivity offset differed between words and pictures in patients with alcohol dependence. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Young-Chul Jung, Nam Wook Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, Kee Namkoong Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: journals

A psychometric evaluation of the Personality Assessment Inventory – short form clinical scales in an inpatient psychiatric sampleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Few studies have assessed the psychometric properties of the Personality Assessment Inventory short-form (PAI-SF) clinical scales, and none have conducted these evaluations using participants from psychiatric inpatient units. The present study evaluated item-level tests of scaling assumptions of the PAI-SF using a large (N=503) clinical sample of participants who completed the PAI during their admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Internal consistency reliability was high across scales, and tests of item-scale convergence and discrimination generally confirmed hypothesized item groupings. Scale-level correla...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Samuel J. Sinclair, Caleb J. Siefert, Hal S. Shorey, Daniel Antonius, Andrew Shiva, Kendra Kehl-Fie, Mark A. Blais Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Reliability and validity of the Trauma Symptom Inventory with veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the TSI's psychometric properties using archival data from 221 treatment-seeking veterans evaluated for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Results demonstrated adequate internal consistency for the TSI's clinical scales (alphas ranging from 0.73 to 0.91). Convergent validity was established for clinical scales tapping PTSD's re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms, and depression and irritability, against other similar measures. Structural validity was also supported in confirmatory factor analyses, with a three-factor model, and a similar model merging two of these thr...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica J. Snyder, Jon D. Elhai, Terry C. North, Christopher J. Heaney Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Validity of routine clinical DSM-IV diagnoses (Axis I/II) in inpatients with mental disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The assessment of diagnoses is a central issue in the treatment of patients with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to validate routine clinical diagnoses by means of a semi-standardized and structured interview. Semi-standardized and structured interview diagnoses were based on videos of 55 inpatients. The routine clinical diagnoses were given by therapists during the course of psychotherapy. Validation was carried out through proportional agreement, Cohen's kappa, Yule's Y, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis. Agreement rates between diagnoses given in semi-standardized structur...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sylke Andreas, Pia Theisen, Robert Mestel, Uwe Koch, Holger Schulz Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Decreased expression of serotonin 1A receptor in the dentate gyrus in association with chronic mild stress: A rat model of post-stroke depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Alterations of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission are implicated in post-stroke depression (PSD). Serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor-based abnormalities have been the focus of intensive study in depression. Here we investigated the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor and gene in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) by chronic mild stress (CMS) after stroke and the effect of citalopram. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into control, stress only, ischemic stroke, PSD and citalopram-treated groups. The putative PSD animal model involved cerebral ischemia induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) follo...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shao-hua Wang, Zhi-jun Zhang, Yi-jing Guo, Gao-jun Teng, Bao-an Chen Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Plasma homovanillic acid in adolescents with bulimia nervosaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Dopaminergic abnormalities in bulimia nervosa have been reported in some studies, but results are not consistent across studies. In the present study, clinical characteristics, plasma level of homovanillic acid (pHVA) and two scales – the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) – were assessed in 36 adolescent bulimia nervosa patients (mean age16.3 years, S.D. 1.1) who were consecutively seen on an Eating Disorder Unit. Levels of pHVA were also measured in 16 healthy control adolescents from the general population. Patients had significantly higher mean pHVA than controls. Eightee...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Ramón Deulofeu, Esteve Martínez-Mallen, Immaculada Baeza, Lorena Fernández, Luisa Lázaro, Josep Toro, Montserrat Vila, Miquel Bernardo Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Perceived criticism: Associations with perceiver characteristics and interpersonal behaviourEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined (in Study 1) to what extent PC reflects the perceiver's current depressive and marital complaints, whether PC measures reciprocal criticism that characterizes dyads rather than individuals, and (in Study 2) whether PC reflects actual interactive behaviour. Both studies compared a single-item with a multi-item measure of PC. In Study 1, general community couples completed self-reports of PC, depressed mood, and marital dissatisfaction, and expressed their feelings in a brief EE interview (Five Minute Speech Samples). Multilevel analyses suggested that PC was associated with both partners' expressions of criticis...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Coby Gerlsma, Marijtje A.J. van Duijn, William W. Hale, Wiljo J.P.J. van Hout Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Therapeutic alliance in short-term supportive and psychodynamic psychotherapies: A necessary but not sufficient condition for outcome?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined data from a previously published randomized controlled study. Outpatients suffering from depression (n=74) received the same antidepressant (clomipramine) and were randomized into two groups, receiving either psychodynamic or supportive psychotherapy. Subjects were assessed at inclusion (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SCID), during treatment and at discharge (Global Assessment Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Helping Alliance questionnaire). Over time, the therapeutic alliance improved regardless of condition, and the relationship between alliance and outcome strengthened. This rela...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lionel Cailhol, Rachel Rodgers, Yvonne Burnand, Alain Brunet, Cristian Damsa, Antonio Andreoli Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Seasonal trends in depressive problems among United States children and adolescents: A representative population surveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined season-of-assessment differences in parent and child reports of depressive problems on well-validated instruments in 2009 U.S. children and adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years, from a nationally representative population survey. A parent completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for each participant and 1226 of the 11–18-year-olds completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Outcome measures were CBCL and YSR withdrawn/depressed syndrome scale scores and rates of clinically elevated scores. Overall fall/winter versus spring/summer differences were not found on the CBCL or YSR for depressive problem severit...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yael I. Nillni, Kelly J. Rohan, David Rettew, Thomas M. Achenbach Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball taskEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: There have been conflicting findings as to whether the P3 brain potential to targets in oddball tasks is reduced in depressed patients. The P3 to novel distracter stimuli in a three-stimulus oddball task has a more frontocentral topography than P3 to targets and is associated with different cognitive operations and neural generators. The novelty P3 potential was predicted to be reduced in depressed patients. EEG was recorded from 30 scalp electrodes (nose reference) in 20 unmedicated depressed patients and 20 matched healthy controls during a novelty oddball task with three stimuli: infrequent target tones (12%),...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gerard E. Bruder, Christopher J. Kroppmann, Jürgen Kayser, Jonathan W. Stewart, Patrick J. McGrath, Craig E. Tenke Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Temperament and character personality profile in relation to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in major depressed patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To prevent suicidal behaviour, it is important to better understand those personality traits associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. A sample of 394 consecutive major depressed outpatients admitted to Bonn University Hospital was subdivided into three groups: Lifetime suicide attempters (N=32; 8.1%), suicide ideators (N=133) and patients without suicide ideation (N=229). Psychodiagnostic measures embraced the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Symptom Checklist-90-R and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Suicide attempters and ideators showed higher scores on emotional distress and ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rupert Conrad, Frank Walz, Franziska Geiser, Katrin Imbierowicz, Reinhard Liedtke, Ingo Wegener Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Persistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: A prospective studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to determine if sleep disturbances and nightmares are associated with increased risk of repeat suicide attempt. Patients (n=165) aged 18–68 years who were admitted to medical or psychiatric wards after a suicide attempt completed an initial interview; 98 of these took part in a 2-month follow-up interview. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and two self-report instruments, the Uppsala Sleep Inventory and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) Self-Rating Scale for Affect...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nils Sjöström, Jerker Hetta, Margda Waern Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

An association study of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes with the suicidal ideation of major depression in a Chinese Han populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Major depression (MD) is a common psychiatric disorder and one of its most serious symptoms is suicidal ideation. Six polymorphisms in four genes related to the serotonin system, including the HTTLPR and HTTVNTR in the SLC6A4 gene, rs6295 in the HTR1A gene, rs11568817 and rs130058 in the HTR1B gene, and rs6313 in the HTR2A gene, were studied in 420 patients with MD to investigate the relationship between these genes and suicidal ideation in MD. An allele association study revealed a significant relationship between rs11568817 and suicidal ideation, while no association was found for any of the other five polymorp...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shan Wang, Kerang Zhang, Yong Xu, Ning Sun, Yan Shen, Qi Xu Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Effect of candidate gene polymorphisms on the course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The main aim of this study was to examine the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-associated genes and the course of ADHD. Subjects were derived from identically designed case-control family studies of boys and girls with ADHD and a genetic linkage study of families with children with ADHD. Caucasian probands and family members with ADHD and with available genetic data were included in this analysis (N=563). The course of ADHD was compared in subjects with and without putative risk alleles (DRD4 7-repeat allele, DAT1 10-repeat allele, and 5HTTLPR long allele). The persistence of AD...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joseph Biederman, Carter R. Petty, Kristina S. Ten Haagen, Jacqueline Small, Alysa E. Doyle, Thomas Spencer, Eric Mick, Michael C. Monuteaux, Jordan W. Smoller, Stephen V. Faraone Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

ADHD latent class clusters: DSM-IV subtypes and comorbidityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, latent class analyses (LCA) are used to identify ADHD phenotypes using K-SADS-IVR (Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia for School Age Children-IV-Revised) symptoms and symptom severity data from a clinical sample of 500 ADHD subjects, ages 6–18, participating in an ADHD genetic study. Results show that LCA identified six separate ADHD clusters, some corresponding to specific DSM-IV subtypes while others included several subtypes. DSM-IV comorbid anxiety and mood disorders were generally similar across all clusters, and subjects without comorbidity did not aggregate within any one cluster. Age...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Josephine Elia, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Kelly L. Bolton, Paul J. Ambrosini, Wade Berrettini, Maximilian Muenke Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cognitive and electroencephalographic disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems: New insightsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: There is overlap between the behavioural symptoms and disturbances associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and sleep problems. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of overlap in cognitive and electrophysiological disturbances identified in children experiencing sleep problems and children with AD/HD or both. Four groups (aged 7-18) were compared: children with combined AD/HD and sleep problems (n=32), children with AD/HD (n=52) or sleep problems (n=36) only, and children with neither disorder (n=119). Electrophysiological and cognitive function measures included: absolute EEG p...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alyssa C.P. Sawyer, C. Richard Clark, Hannah A.D. Keage, Kathryn A. Moores, Simon Clarke, Michael R. Kohn, Evian Gordon Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Are cognitive deficits in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder related to the course of the disorder? A prospective controlled follow-up study of grown up boys with persistent and remitting courseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive functions in boys with persistent and remittent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood into young adult years. Males (n=217) 15–31 years with and without ADHD were assessed at 3 time points over 10 years into young adulthood. Subjects were stratified into Remittent ADHD, and Persistent ADHD based on the course of ADHD. Cognitive domains included: 1) overall IQ (overall IQ, block design IQ, vocabulary IQ); 2) achievement scores in reading and math and measures of executive function (Wechsler arithmetic, digit span, digit symbol, Rey–...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joseph Biederman, Carter R. Petty, Sarah W. Ball, Ronna Fried, Alysa E. Doyle, Daniel Cohen, Carly Henderson, Stephen V. Faraone Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Understanding the relationship between baseline BMI and subsequent weight change in antipsychotic trials: Effect modification or regression to the mean?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine whether prior evidence of an inverse relationship between initial body weight and subsequent antipsychotic-induced weight change represents true effect modification or a statistical artifact, regression to the mean (RTM). We conducted a post-hoc analysis after pooling seven randomized, placebo- or active-controlled trials of ziprasidone and other antipsychotic agents. ANCOVA was applied to evaluate treatment-by-baseline body mass index (BMI) range interaction effect on weight change. Regression analysis was applied to estimate the potential bias due to RTM. Statistical int...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David B. Allison, Antony D. Loebel, Ilise Lombardo, Steven J. Romano, Cynthia O. Siu Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The 844ins68 polymorphism of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene is associated with schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our study revealed a possible relation of the CBS 844ins68 polymorphism to schizophrenia. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vera Golimbet, Galina Korovaitseva, Lilia Abramova, Vasily Kaleda Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Defining “good” and “poor” outcomes in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: A multidimensional data-driven approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The study's goal was to characterize the typology of patient outcomes based on social and occupational functioning and psychiatric symptoms following antipsychotic drug treatment, and to explore predictors of group membership representing the best/worst outcomes. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to define groups of patients (n=1449) based on endpoint values for psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, and useful work measured up to 30 weeks of treatment. Stepwise logistic regression was used to construct predictive models of cluster membership for baseline predictors, and with 2/4/8 weeks of treatment....
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ilya A. Lipkovich, Walter Deberdt, John G. Csernansky, Peter Buckley, Joseph Peuskens, Sara Kollack-Walker, Matthew Rotelli, John P. Houston Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Symptoms of schizophrenia and social cognitionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the relationship between deficits in social cognition and the dimensional descriptors for schizophrenia. Social cognitive functioning was measured using patient narratives describing card arrangements using the picture arrangement subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised. Stories were rated for number of normative themes, number of words, coherence, plausibility of attributions of emotions, and plausibility of attributions of intentions. Symptoms of Psychoticism were positively related to all ratings except of the plausibility of attributions of intentions. Ratings of story coheren...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Glenn Shean, Joseph Meyer Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Response suppression deficits in treatment-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder and psychotic major depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Recent evidence indicates common genetic, neurobiological, and psychopharmacological aspects of schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders. Some similarities in neurocognitive deficits associated with these disorders have also been reported. We investigated performance on antisaccade and visually-guided saccade tasks in treatment-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (schizophrenia n=59, major depression n=15, bipolar disorder n=9), matched non-psychotic major depression patients (n=40), and matched healthy individuals (n=106). All psychosis groups displayed elevated antisaccade error rates relative to hea...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Margret S.H. Harris, James L. Reilly, Michael E. Thase, Matcheri S. Keshavan, John A. Sweeney Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Electrophysiological brain activity and antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients with first-rank (passivity) symptomsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we conducted a broad assessment of FRS patients' performance using data collected as part of the Western Australia Family Study of Schizophrenia, with a focus on event-related potential (ERP) measures [P50 suppression, mismatch negativity (MMN), the auditory oddball target (P300)], and the antisaccade task. A total of 39 patients (23 patients with, and 16 patients without FRS) and 80 controls were included. The results showed that patients with FRS had significantly reduced amplitude and longer latencies on the P300, as compared to controls. In addition, patients with FRS demonstrated more abnormalities on a...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Flavie Waters, Gregory Price, Milan Dragović, Assen Jablensky Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Proverb comprehension impairments in schizophrenia are related to executive dysfunctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the pattern of proverb comprehension impairment and its relationship to proverb familiarity and executive dysfunction in schizophrenia. To assess the specificity of the impairment pattern to schizophrenia, alcohol-dependent patients were included as a psychiatric comparison group, as deficits of executive function and theory of mind as well as dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, which have been related to proverb comprehension difficulties, are common in both disorders. Twenty-four schizophrenia patients, 20 alcohol-dependent patients and 34 healthy controls were administered a mu...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Patrizia Thoma, Marie Hennecke, Tobias Mandok, Alfred Wähner, Martin Brüne, Georg Juckel, Irene Daum Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Perception of self and other in psychosis: A method for analyzing the structure of the phenomenologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Although the phenomenology accompanying psychoses is fascinating, hitherto empirical examinations have been qualitative and thus limited in their clinical conclusions regarding the actual underlying cognitive mechanisms responsible for the formation and maintenance of the delusion, which is often distressing to the patient. We investigated the internal cognitive structure (i.e., connections) of some delusions pertaining to self and others in a patient with psychosis who was very fluent and thus able to provide a lucid account of his phenomenological experiences. To this end we employed a clustering method (HICLAS...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Claire Dean, Brita Elvevåg, Gert Storms, Catherine Diaz-Asper Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Change in delusions is associated with change in “jumping to conclusions”Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Evidence has been put forward that premature termination of data collection and jumping to conclusions behavior (JTC) is associated with delusions. However, few investigations have attempted to track associations between changes in delusions and changes in JTC measures. In the current study individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders completed a version of the JTC task (involving fishing from lakes as opposed to drawing beads from a jar) at two timepoints 12 weeks apart. The results revealed significant negative correlations between change in task performance (number of requested pieces of information) and...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Todd S. Woodward, Manuel Munz, Claude LeClerc, Tania Lecomte Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Correspondences between theory of mind, jumping to conclusions, neuropsychological measures and the symptoms of schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Tasks measuring reasoning biases and social cognition were originally applied to the study of schizophrenia in order to shed light on the cognitive underpinnings of positive symptoms. However, the empirical evidence for overlap between these tasks, and their association with positive symptoms, remains preliminary. In the current study we explore these associations using multivariate methodology, with primary interest in two commonly studied paradigms: jumping to conclusions (JTC) and theory of mind (ToM). We also included measures of memory, executive function and fluency performance, in order to relate the cogni...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Todd S. Woodward, Romina Mizrahi, Mahesh Menon, Bruce K. Christensen Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of presentation modality and valence on affect recognition performance in schizophrenia and healthy controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The majority of affect recognition research has used visual stimuli, with only a minority of studies examining auditory affect recognition, and fewer still comparing affect recognition across presentation modalities. In the current study, we evaluated affect recognition between 45 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 56 healthy community controls on an auditory-only affect recognition task, as compared to a multichannel (videotape) version of the same task. We further examined between-group performance differences on auditory versus multichannel presentation modalities for a subset of po...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joanna M. Fiszdon, Morris D. Bell Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Emotion regulation strategies in patients with schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Schizophrenia patients might experience difficulties in applying two widely used emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and suppression. We investigated the relationships among emotion regulation strategies, alexithymia (i.e. inability to identify and verbalize feelings) and the role of pre-morbid IQ on alexithymia in schizophrenia. Participants comprised 31 schizophrenia patients and 44 healthy subjects who were tested on measures of emotion regulation strategies (ERQ), alexithymia (BVAQ) and pre-morbid IQ (NART). Patients reported significantly more use of suppression strategies and tended to use reappraisa...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lisette van der Meer, Mascha van't Wout, André Aleman Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Facial expression and face orientation processing in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficits in recognition and identification of facial emotional expressions, but it is unclear whether these deficits result from abnormal affective processing or an impaired ability to process complex visual stimuli such as faces. Participants comprised 16 outpatients with schizophrenia and 22 matched healthy control subjects who performed two computerized visual matching tasks (facial emotional expression and orientation). Accuracy and reaction time were recorded. Clinical symptoms were assessed in the patients using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessme...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mikisha L. Doop, Sohee Park Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cognitive impairments, emotion, stress, and language in schizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Language symptoms in schizophrenia are exacerbated by arousal of negative affect; the extent of this effect varies widely among patients. The present study assessed predictors of affective speech reactivity. Based on earlier research, it was expected that speech reactivity would be predicted by a combination of neurocognitive and emotional variables. We assessed patients (n=50) for baseline depression; neurocognitive functioning in the domains of sustained attention, immediate auditory memory, organizational sequencing, and conceptual sequencing ability; and clarity of speech communication in both stress and non-...
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: James P. Seghers, Nancy M. Docherty Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - November 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Effects of electroconvulsive shock on the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in rat striatumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated whether ECS could affect the phosphorylation status of DARPP-32. Male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent ECS and were sacrificed by decapitation at 0, 2, 10, 60, and 180 min after treatment. The phosphorylations of Thr34 and Thr75 residues of DARPP-32 and Ser159 residue of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) were investigated in the striatum. The activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the binding between DARPP-32 and PP1 were also analyzed. Thr34 phosphorylation of DARPP-32 increased immediately after ECS and this state was maintained for more than 60 min. The activity of PP1 decreased and th...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hye-Jean Park, Feng Ji Cui, Jae Woo Roh, Young Chul Jung, Se Hyun Kim, Yong Sik Kim, Ung Gu Kang Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

A comparison of borderline personality disorder with and without eating disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the degree to which an eating disorder (ED) is associated with the recurrence and severity of suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, rates of co-occurring Axis I and II disorders, and psychosocial functioning among Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) outpatients. A group of 135 treatment-seeking women with BPD were assessed using structured clinical interviews. BPD was assessed using the International Personality Disorders Examination, confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-II, and Axis I disorders were assessed with the SCID I. A total of 17.8% of the sample met criteri...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eunice Yu Chen, Milton Z. Brown, Melanie S. Harned, Marsha Marie Linehan Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Suicide attempt by jumping: A study of gonadal axis hormones in male suicide attempters versus men who fell by accidentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Low plasma total testosterone (T) levels may influence the sense of well-being and produce depressive symptomatology, increasing the risk of suicide. In a previous study, we reported reduced serum T levels in male psychiatric patients after a suicide attempt. The reduction was more pronounced in subjects who used violent attempt methods, and we discussed the possible influence of stress of hospitalization, serious medical condition and treatment. In order to minimize the influence of such factors, we compared in this study the levels of plasma sex hormones of 15 psychiatric patients (10 suffering from schizophren...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Manolis Markianos, John Tripodianakis, Christos Istikoglou, Olga Rouvali, Markos Christopoulos, Pavlos Papageorgopoulos, Andreas Seretis Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Abnormal externally guided movement preparation in recent-onset schizophrenia is associated with impaired selective attention to external inputEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Several theories propose that the primary cognitive impairment in schizophrenia concerns a deficit in the processing of external input information. There is also evidence, however, for impaired motor preparation in schizophrenia. This provokes the question whether the impaired motor preparation in schizophrenia is a secondary consequence of disturbed (selective) processing of the input needed for that preparation, or an independent primary deficit. The aim of the present study was to discriminate between these hypotheses, by investigating externally guided movement preparation in relation to selective stimulus pr...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Henderikus G.O.M. Smid, Joanna M. Westenbroek, Richard Bruggeman, Henderikus Knegtering, Robert J. Van den Bosch Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Impairment in flexible emotion-based learning in hallucination- and delusion-prone individualsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Deficits in emotion-based learning are implicated in many psychiatric disorders. Research conducted with patients with schizophrenia using one of the most popular tasks for the investigation of emotion-based learning, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), has largely been inconclusive. The present study employed a novel, contingency-shifting variant IGT with hallucination- and delusion-prone university students to determine whether previous findings were due merely to the presence of psychosis. Following initial screening of a sample of 253 students (mean age=20.13 years, S.D.=3.27), 28 high (10 male, 18 female) and 27 ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Matteo Cella, Simon Dymond, Andrew Cooper Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Perseveration and not strategic deficits underlie delayed alternation impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The claim that the prefrontal cortex, particularly its orbito-frontal part, is involved in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is based upon evidence from neuroimaging as well as behavioral studies. Studies have repeatedly suggested problems with delayed alternation learning in OCD, an executive dysfunction that presumably involves the orbito-frontal cortex. However, it is unclear whether such impairment stems from perseveration or strategic deficits as these aspects are intertwined in the original task. In the present study, 36 OCD and 16 healthy controls underwent a variant of the delayed alternation task inv...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Steffen Moritz, Birgit Hottenrott, Sarah Randjbar, Ruth Klinge, Francesca Vitzthum Von Eckstaedt, Tania M. Lincoln, Lena Jelinek Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Methodological issues in the obsessive–compulsive spectrumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe preliminary methodological and statistical recommendations for a systematic approach to determining what constitutes a subtype, how to determine inclusion in the spectrum, and means for ruling out candidate disorders. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dean McKay, Fugen Neziroglu Tags: Special Section: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior Spectrum Source Type: journals

Cognitive event-related potentials differentiate schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder (schizo-OCD) from OCD and schizophrenia without OC symptomsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Clinical and neurobiological evidence suggests that concurrent presentation of schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive (schizo-OCD) symptoms represents a distinct clinical entity. Given that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia have been modeled as having different neurofunctional profiles, the overlap between them represents a heuristic challenge for cognitive and endophenotype research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) may be used to probe neurophysiological correlates of the cognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbances found in neuropsychiatric entities such as schizo-OCD. Here we measure ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stefano Pallanti, Giovanni Castellini, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Leonardo Quercioli, Gaetano Zaccara, Naomi A. Fineberg Tags: Special Section: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior Spectrum Source Type: journals

Neurological considerations: Autism and Parkinson's diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Within the spectrum of disorders that manifest obsessive–compulsive (OC) features lies a sub-cluster of neurological conditions. Autism and Parkinson's disease (PD) are examples of two such neurological disorders that seem quite dissimilar on the surface. Yet, both conditions can include repetitive behaviors of a compulsive–impulsive nature. Furthermore, while autism and PD differ in other associated symptom domains that shape the course of each disorder, both disorders share some phenomenology in the core domain of repetitive behaviors and involve basal ganglia and frontal lobe dysfunction, similar to OC dis...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eric Hollander, A. Ting Wang, Ashley Braun, Laura Marsh Tags: Special Section: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior Spectrum Source Type: journals

Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, and obsessive–compulsive disorder: How closely are they related?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The question of whether Tourette's syndrome (TS) and trichotillomania (TTM) are best conceptualized as obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders was raised by family studies demonstrating a close relationship between TS and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and by psychopharmacological research indicating that both TTM and OCD respond more robustly to clomipramine than to desipramine. A range of studies have subsequently allowed comparison of the phenomenology, psychobiology, and management of TS and TTM, with that of OCD. Here we briefly review this literature. The data indicate that there is significant ps...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ygor Arzeno Ferrão, Euripedes Miguel, Dan Joseph Stein Tags: Special Section: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior Spectrum Source Type: journals

The relationship between impulse-control disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorder: A current understanding and future research directionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of conditions linked diagnostically by difficulties in resisting “the impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others.” Specific ICDs share clinical, phenomenological and biological features with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) that have suggested that these disorders might be categorized together. However, other data suggest significant differences between OCD and ICDs. In this article, clinical, phenomenological and biological features of the formal ICDs are reviewed and compared and contrasted...
Source: Psychiatry Research - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marc Nicholas Potenza, Lorrin Michael Koran, Stefano Pallanti Tags: Special Section: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior Spectrum Source Type: journals