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(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Tryptophan depletion affects the autonomic stress response in generalized social anxiety disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: In generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD), serotonergic dysfunctions are found, as well as abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in basal conditions and of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in response to psychological challenges. These findings raise the question whether these phenomena are interrelated.Therefore we designed a study in which two groups with nine pair wise age and gender matched gSAD patients (total of 10 men and 8 women), who were successfully treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), underwent a tryptophan depletion challenge (TD) or a placebo co...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: J. Frederieke van Veen, Irene M. van Vliet, Roel H. de Rijk, Johannes van Pelt, Bart Mertens, Durk Fekkes, Frans G. Zitman Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Changes in CCK-4 induced panic after treatment with the GABA-reuptake inhibitor tiagabine are associated with an increase in 3α,5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone concentrationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: There is evidence that gamma-amino-butyric acid type A (GABAA)-receptor modulating neuroactive steroids play a role in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Antidepressant treatment has been suggested to stabilize the concentrations of neuroactive steroids. In this pilot study we investigated neuroactive steroid concentrations during GABAergic treatment, which might represent an alternative anxiolytic pharmacotherapeutic strategy. Neuroactive steroid concentrations were determined in 10 healthy subjects treated with tiagabine. To evaluate the anxiolytic effects of tiagabine a cholecystokinine-tetrapeptide (CCK-4)...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Peter Zwanzger, Daniela Eser, Elena Romeo, Flavia di Michele, Thomas C. Baghai, Augusto Pasini, Frank Padberg, Rainer Rupprecht Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

The interactive effects of elevated mid-afternoon cortisol and trauma history on PTSD symptoms in children: A preliminary studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Given the alarming frequency and severity of trauma exposure among children, identifying contextual and biologic factors that increase risk for symptomatic responses to trauma is an essential step toward preventing psychopathology. Basal functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis was evaluated to determine its role in relations between trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms among 66 children (M age=10.7 years). Exposure to recent trauma (within the past year), previously experienced trauma (more than 1 year ago), and basal mid-afternoon cortisol levels were each positively related to PTSD symptoms. Further,...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katherine Bevans, Arleen B. Cerbone, Stacy Overstreet Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Glucocorticoid receptor gene and depression in patients with coronary heart disease: The Heart and Soul Study—2009 Curt Richter Award WinnerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Alterations of glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity have been associated with depression. Thus, variation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene that determines glucocorticoid sensitivity may influence risk for depression.In a cross-sectional genetic association study of 526 white outpatients with chronic coronary heart disease, we examined whether haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) are associated with depression. Participants were genotyped for four common glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms (ER22/23EK, BclI C/G, N363S, and 9beta A/G) and haplotype analyses were conducted. Depression was as...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christian Otte, Stefan Wüst, Shoujun Zhao, Ludmila Pawlikowska, Pui-Yan Kwok, Mary A. Whooley Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin, life history of aggression, and personality disorderEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: As hypothesized, CSF Oxytocin levels were inversely correlated with life history of aggression. This represents the first such report of a relationship between oxytocin levels and aggression. The correlational, cross-sectional study design precludes causal inferences, but the data are consistent with the known effects of oxytocin on aggressive behavior in animals. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Royce Lee, Craig Ferris, L.D. Van de Kar, Emil F. Coccaro Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation and depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: An increase in immune-stimulated synthesis of kynurenine from tryptophan by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, neuropsychiatric correlates of IDO activation remain unexplored. We hypothesize that IDO activation, as measured by the kynurenine to tryptophan (K/T) ratio, is associated with depressive symptoms in those with CAD. This cross-sectional study recruited subjects with CAD (n=95) from a cardiac rehabilitation facility. Demographic, anthropometric and cardiac data were obtained by chart review. Patients using an antidepressant were excl...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Walter Swardfager, Nathan Herrmann, Yekta Dowlati, Paul I. Oh, Alexander Kiss, Scott E. Walker, Krista L. Lanctôt Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Thyroid stimulating hormone and prospective memory functioning in old ageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Alterations of thyroid functioning are common in old age. Even among persons free from thyroid disorders, subclinical variations in thyroid functioning may affect cognitive performance. However, it is unknown whether prospective memory (ProM) is related to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) variations. An association could be expected, as changes in the thyroid gland have been linked to alterations in frontal brain regions that play a key role in prospective remembering. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether subclinical variations in thyroid functioning affect ProM performance. We studied 103 participa...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Åsa Livner, Åke Wahlin, Lars Bäckman Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Oxytocin protects against negative behavioral and autonomic consequences of long-term social isolationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Positive social interactions and social support may protect against various forms of mental and physical illness, although the mechanisms for these effects are not well identified. The socially monogamous prairie vole, which – like humans – forms social bonds and displays high levels of parasympathetic activity, has provided a useful model for investigating neurobiological systems that mediate the consequences of sociality. In the present study, adult female prairie voles were exposed to social isolation or continued pairing with a female sibling (control conditions) for 4 weeks. During weeks 3 and 4 of this p...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Angela J. Grippo, Diane M. Trahanas, Robert R. Zimmerman, Stephen W. Porges, C. Sue Carter Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Stress hormones mediate drug resistance to paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells through a CDK-1-dependent pathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Chemotherapy comprises part of successful treatment regimens for breast cancer, however, up to 50% of patients develop resistance. Stress in cancer patients can equate to poor chemotherapeutic responses. We hypothesize that drug resistance may be associated with stress hormone-induced alterations in breast cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with paclitaxel and/or cortisol, norepinephrine and epinephrine and cytotoxicity, cell cycle analyses, genomic and proteomic analyses were performed. Paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity and G2/M cell cycle arrest were reversed significantly by st...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Melanie S. Flint, Grace Kim, Brian L. Hood, Nicholas W. Bateman, Nicolas A. Stewart, Thomas P. Conrads Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Thyroid hormones and personality traits in attempted suicideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: The research on thyroid hormones and personality traits is quite sparse and mainly focused on male forensic psychiatric populations in which the relationship between thyroid hormones and psychopathy and aggression-related personality traits has been reported. The suicidal temperament hypothesis suggests that certain personality traits such as aggression, anxiety proneness, impulsivity, and low socialization may render an individual vulnerable to the risk of suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) in relation to hormones in the hypo...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cave Sinai, Tatja Hirvikoski, Eva Dencker Vansvik, Anna-Lena Nordström, Jürgen Linder, Peter Nordström, Jussi Jokinen Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Neonatal lipopolysaccharide and adult stress exposure predisposes rats to anxiety-like behaviour and blunted corticosterone responses: Implications for the double-hit hypothesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: The double-hit hypothesis posits that an early life genetic or environmental insult sets up a neural predisposition to psychopathology, which may emerge in the presence of a subsequent insult, or ‘second hit’ in later life. The current study assessed the effect of neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on anxiety-like behaviours in the adult Wistar rat. Rats were administered either LPS (Salmonella enterica, serotype enteritidis, 0.05mg/kg, ip) or saline (equivolume) on days 3 and 5 of life (birth=day 1). In adulthood (85 days), subjects were allocated to either “stress” or “no stress” treatment gr...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adam K. Walker, Tamo Nakamura, Robert J. Byrne, Sundresan Naicker, Ross J. Tynan, Mick Hunter, Deborah M. Hodgson Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Oxytocin receptor polymorphisms and adult attachment style in patients with depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Much evidence of an association between specific attachment styles and depression prompted us to investigate, in depressive disorders, the potential role of polymorphisms within the gene encoding the receptor of the main neurohormone involved in attachment processes, oxytocin. For this purpose, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6930G>A (rs53576) and 9073G>A (rs2254298), within the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), were studied in a cohort of 185 patients with major depression (50.3%) or bipolar I or II disorders (49.7%) and 192 matched healthy controls. A positive association between the GG genotype of OXTR...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Barbara Costa, Stefano Pini, Pamela Gabelloni, Marianna Abelli, Lisa Lari, Alessandra Cardini, Matteo Muti, Camilla Gesi, Stefano Landi, Silvana Galderisi, Armida Mucci, Antonio Lucacchini, Giovanni B. Cassano, Claudia Martini Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Neonatal stress affects vulnerability of cholinergic neurons and cognition in the rat: Involvement of the HPA axisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Adverse experiences early in life may sensitize specific neurocircuits to subsequent stressors. We have evaluated in maternal separation (MS) rats, an animal paradigm of early-life stress, the effects of a selective cholinergic lesion on cognitive function as well as susceptibility of cholinergic neurons to the lesion. MS rats subjected to a cholinergic lesion by administration of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin, showed significant decreases in both choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to control lesioned rats. Morris water maze results revealed a significant impairmen...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Bárbara Aisa, Francisco Javier Gil-Bea, Beatriz Marcos, Rosa Tordera, Berta Lasheras, Joaquín Del Río, Maria J. Ramírez Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cortisol awakening rise in middle-aged women in relation to psychological stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The results suggest that psychological stress may be associated with a smaller cortisol awakening rise, a lower diurnal mean, poor lifestyle choices and high levels of psychological distress. These findings may have broader implications for future health risk and for an individual's ability to cope with imminent daily stressors and demands. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: D.B. O’Connor, H. Hendrickx, T. Dadd, T.D. Elliman, T.A. Willis, D. Talbot, A.E. Mayes, K. Thethi, J. Powell, L. Dye Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cortisol secretion and fatigue: Associations in a community based cohortEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we find that low waking salivary cortisol and a flat slope in cortisol secretion is associated with fatigue. Cortisol is also associated with future onset of fatigue suggesting that changes in cortisol secretion are etiologic or occur early in the genesis of fatigue. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Meena Kumari, Ellena Badrick, Tarani Chandola, Emma K. Adam, Mai Stafford, Michael G. Marmot, Clemens Kirschbaum, Mika Kivimaki Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Anterior hippocampal volume is reduced in behaviorally depressed female cynomolgus macaquesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Hippocampal (HC) function and morphology have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion is associated with emotional and anxiety-related functioning, and the posterior portion with memory processing. As such, measuring whole HC volume may mask differences seen only in the anterior or posterior HC. We used unbiased stereology to measure whole, anterior, and posterior HC volumes in 12 adult female cynomolgus macaque...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stephanie L. Willard, David P. Friedman, Craig K. Henkel, Carol A. Shively Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Association of glucocorticoid with stress-induced modulation of body temperature, blood glucose and innate immunityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: To know the details of the mechanism on stress-associated responses, attention was first focused on body temperature and blood glucose after stress. Mice were exposed to restraint stress for 6h. Under this condition, hypothermia (39°C→33°C) and hyperglycemia (150mg/dl→350mg/dl) were induced. Reflecting a stress-associated response, an increase of serum corticosterone (200ng/ml→up to 600ng/ml) was observed. It was examined whether an administration of glucocorticoid induced a similar response. An injection of hydrocortisone (5.0 and 10.0mg/mouse) simultaneously induced hypothermia and hyperglycemia. The eff...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eisuke Kainuma, Mayumi Watanabe, Chikako Tomiyama-Miyaji, Masashi Inoue, Yuh Kuwano, HongWei Ren, Toru Abo Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Stress and decision-making in humans: Performance is related to cortisol reactivity, albeit differently in men and womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we therefore tested whether acute stress in male and female subjects, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), affects decision-making as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and to what extent this is related to cortisol reactivity. Control subjects did not receive the stress manipulation. We specifically predict that high responders show risk-taking behaviour in the IGT compared to low responders and controls. The data show that the more (salivary) cortisol levels are elevated after the TSST the poorer the subsequent performance in the IGT in male subjects. In female subjects an inverse relations...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ruud van den Bos, Marlies Harteveld, Hein Stoop Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Medication effects on salivary cortisol: Tactics and strategy to minimize impact in behavioral and developmental scienceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: The non-invasive measurement of cortisol in saliva has enabled behavioral scientists to explore the correlates and concomitants of the interaction between the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, intrinsic factors, and social forces as they occur naturally in everyday life. The widespread integration of salivary cortisol into behavioral science has also revealed that omnipresent features of everyday life such as, over-the-counter and prescription medications, have the capacity to influence measurement validity. We identify several pathways by which pharmacologic agents could influence sal...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Douglas A. Granger, Leah C. Hibel, Christine K. Fortunato, Christine H. Kapelewski Tags: NAMED SERIES - Salivary Biomarkers of Stress: Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Source Type: journals

Assessing salivary cortisol in large-scale, epidemiological researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Salivary cortisol measures are increasingly being incorporated into large-scale, population-based, or epidemiological research, in which participants are selected to be representative of particular communities or populations of interest, and sample sizes are in the order of hundreds to tens of thousands of participants. These approaches to studying salivary cortisol provide important advantages but pose a set of challenges. The representative nature of sampling, and large samples sizes associated with population-based research offer high generalizability and power, and the ability to examine cortisol functioning i...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Emma K. Adam, Meena Kumari Tags: NAMED SERIES - Salivary Biomarkers of Stress: Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - October 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Oxytocin enhances the experience of attachment securityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Repeated interactions between infant and caregiver result in either secure or insecure relationship attachment patterns, and insecure attachment may affect individual emotion-regulation and health. Given that oxytocin enhances social approach behavior in animals and humans, we hypothesized that oxytocin might also promote the subjective experience of attachment security in humans. Within a 3-week interval, 26 healthy male students classified with an insecure attachment pattern were invited twice to an experimental session. At the beginning of each experiment, a single dose of oxytocin or placebo was administered i...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anna Buchheim, Markus Heinrichs, Carol George, Dan Pokorny, Eva Koops, Peter Henningsen, Mary-Frances O’Connor, Harald Gündel Tags: Short Communication Source Type: journals

Alterations of behavioral and endocrinological reactivity induced by 3 brief social defeats in rats: Relevance to human psychopathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: In the realm of animal models of psychopathology, social stress based procedures rely on robust theoretical prerequisites to meet construct validity criteria for the target syndromes. In order to further assess the relevance for human psychopathology of a social defeat based model in rats, known to elicit consistent behavioral and hormonal changes, we expanded its characterization on the basis of both behavioral parameters and peripheral biomarkers thought to be pertinent for clinical symptoms. Rats were subjected to 3 daily social defeat experiences that shortly thereafter led to the insurgence of defensive behav...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maria Razzoli, Lucia Carboni, Roberto Arban Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Enduring effects of environmental enrichment from weaning to adulthood on pituitary-adrenal function, pre-pulse inhibition and learning in male and female ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Environmental enrichment (EE) increases stimulation and provides richer sensory, cognitive and motor opportunities through the interaction with the social and physical environment. EE produces a wide range of neuroanatomical, neurochemical and behavioural effects in several animal species. However, the effects of EE have mainly been studied shortly after the treatment, so its long-lasting effects remain to be elucidated. Thus, we studied in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats the enduring effects of EE on tasks that measured emotional reactivity, social exploration and memory, sensorimotor gating and learning. A...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yolanda Peña, Margarita Prunell, David Rotllant, Antonio Armario, Rosa M. Escorihuela Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism: Relation to familiar risk of affective disorder, BDNF levels and salivary cortisolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Individuals at high risk of affective disorders and who are carriers of the met allele of the Val66Met polymorphism may present with an enhanced stress response. The presence of a specific genotype alone may not enhance the risk of developing an affective episode. Rather, the altered stress response may be expressed only in combination with other risk variants through interactions with the environment. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maj Vinberg, Viktorija Trajkovska, Bente Bennike, Ulla Knorr, Gitte M. Knudsen, Lars V. Kessing Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

GluR5-mediated glutamate signaling regulates hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical stress responses at the paraventricular nucleus and median eminenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and plays an excitatory role in generation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress. The current study assesses the role of kainate-preferring receptors in glutamatergic excitation of the HPA axis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the existence of the GluR5 kainate subunit in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Importantly, GluR5 immunoreactivity was enriched in the external lamina of the median eminence, where it is co-localized with corticotropin r...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nathan K. Evanson, Daniella C. Van Hooren, James P. Herman Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Childhood parental divorce and cortisol in young adulthood: Evidence for mediation by family incomeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Childhood parental divorce has been linked with negative physical and psychological health in adulthood, potentially due to alterations in adrenocortical activity resulting from chronic stress. The current study evaluated cortisol in 94 young adults (mean age 19.9) from families characterized by parental divorce (n=43) or intact parental marriages (n=51). Salivary cortisol was assessed prior to and at 3 time points after a challenging speech task. Participants from divorced families had significantly lower cortisol across the experimental period than those from intact families, even after controlling for family co...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amy J. Kraft, Linda J. Luecken Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Emotion regulation and cortisol reactivity to a social-evaluative speech taskEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that certain emotion regulation strategies such as suppression and reappraisal predict heightened cortisol reactivity to an acute stressor. Future studies should examine the psychological mechanisms through which these emotion regulation strategies affect cortisol response patterns. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Suman Lam, Sally S. Dickerson, Peggy M. Zoccola, Frank Zaldivar Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Intra-individual variability in sleep duration and fragmentation: Associations with stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Despite growing evidence that there is substantial nightly, intra-individual variability in sleep duration and fragmentation, few studies have investigated the correlates of such variability. The current study examined whether intra-individual variability in sleep parameters was associated with psychosocial and physiological indices of stress, especially among those high in negative affect. Participants were 184 adults aged 46–78 (53% men and 41% Black) in the Pittsburgh SleepSCORE study. Wrist actigraphy was used to estimate sleep duration and fragmentation for nine nights, and overnight samples of urinary nore...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Elizabeth J. Mezick, Karen A. Matthews, Martica Hall, Thomas W. Kamarck, Daniel J. Buysse, Jane F. Owens, Steven E. Reis Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Pituitary response to metyrapone in Gulf War veterans: Relationship to deployment, PTSD and unexplained health symptomsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Gulf War deployment is associated with a substantially lower ACTH response to metyrapone. In contrast, unexplained health symptoms and PTSD in Gulf War veterans are associated with relatively greater hypothalamic–pituitary activity which may reflect increased CRF activity and is evident only in consideration of deployment effects. This pattern of differences suggests either that Gulf War deployment and its associated exposures results in enduring changes in pituitary function or that reduced hypothalamic–pituitary activity protects against the development of PTSD and other deployment-related health problems...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Julia A. Golier, James Schmeidler, Rachel Yehuda Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Risk of postpartum depression in association with serum leptin and interleukin-6 levels at delivery: A nested case–control study within the UPPSAT cohortEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Although postpartum depression (PPD) is a common condition, it often goes undiagnosed and untreated, with devastating consequences for the woman's ability to perform daily activities, to bond with her infant and to relate to the infant's father. Leptin, a protein synthesised in the adipose tissue and involved in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure has been related to depressive disorders, but studies report conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum leptin levels at the time of delivery and the subsequent development of postpartum depression in women, usin...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Alkistis Skalkidou, Sara M. Sylvén, Fotios C. Papadopoulos, Matts Olovsson, Anders Larsson, Inger Sundström-Poromaa Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Role of testosterone in mediating prenatal ethanol effects on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity in male ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Prenatal ethanol (E) exposure programs the fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and –gonadal (HPG) axes such that E rats show HPA hyperresponsiveness to stressors and altered HPG and reproductive function in adulthood. Importantly, prenatal ethanol may differentially alter stress responsiveness in adult male and female offspring compared to their control counterparts. To test the hypothesis that alterations in HPA activity in E males are mediated, at least in part, by ethanol-induced changes in the capacity of testosterone to regulate HPA activity, we explored dose-related effects of testosterone on HP...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ni Lan, Kim G.C. Hellemans, Linda Ellis, Victor Viau, Joanne Weinberg Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Cortisol metabolic predictors of response to psychotherapy for symptoms of PTSD in survivors of the World Trade Center attacks on September 11, 2001Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Lower 5α-reductase activity is associated with avoidance severity and predicts non-responsiveness to psychological treatment for PTSD symptomatology. Relatively diminished 5α-reductase activity may mark a state of primary vulnerability, perhaps via attenuated peripheral catabolism of cortisol resulting in the suppression of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responsiveness. Lower cortisol levels appear later in the progression to chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rachel Yehuda, Linda M. Bierer, Casey Sarapas, Iouri Makotkine, Ruth Andrew, Jonathan R. Seckl Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Gene–environment interactions predict cortisol responses after acute stress: Implications for the etiology of depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This is the first study reporting that 5-HTTLPR and stressful life events interact to predict endocrine stress reactivity in a non-clinical sample. Our results underpin the potential moderating role of HPA-axis hyper-reactivity as a premorbid risk factor to increase the vulnerability for depression in subjects with low serotonin transporter efficiency and a history of severe life events. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nina Alexander, Yvonne Kuepper, Anja Schmitz, Roman Osinsky, Eva Kozyra, Juergen Hennig Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Hydrocortisone reduces emotional distracter interference in working memoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Several studies have shown that stress and glucocorticoids can impair prefrontal-dependent working memory (WM) performance. WM is the ability to attend to the task at hand, and to maintain relevant information in mind during a delay while ignoring irrelevant stimuli. Here, it is investigated whether stress hormones impair WM by reducing the ability to suppress distracting, irrelevant neutral and emotional stimuli. Hydrocortisone (35mg) (n=23) or placebo (n=21) was administered to young, healthy men, who performed a Sternberg WM task with neutral and emotional irrelevant distracters shown in the delay-phase of the ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nicole Y.L. Oei, Marieke S. Tollenaar, Philip Spinhoven, Bernet M. Elzinga Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: A meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined: (a) 17 published studies of HPA-axis response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in depressed youth (DST; N=926) and (b) 17 studies of basal HPA-axis functioning (N=1332). We also examined descriptively studies that used corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) infusion, and those that used psychological probes of the HPA-axis. The global standardized mean effect size difference in HPA-axis response to the DST between depressed and non-depressed youth was 0.57, z=4.18, p (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nestor L. Lopez-Duran, Maria Kovacs, Charles J. George Tags: Review Source Type: journals

Endogenous noradrenergic activation and memory for emotional material in men and womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: A plethora of evidence from the animal and human literature suggests that emotionally arousing material is often remembered better than is neutral material, and that this effect critically involves noradrenergic activation during and soon after exposure to the emotional material. A crucial prediction of this hypothesis is that endogenous adrenergic activation should relate positively and selectively to memory for emotional events in humans. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), a biomarker for adrenergic activity was measured in response to viewing a series of mixed emotional and neutral images to test this prediction in ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sabrina K. Segal, Larry Cahill Tags: NAMED SERIES - Salivary Biomarkers of Stress: Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - September 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Notice of AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: journals

Circulating endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamines are differentially regulated in major depression and following exposure to social stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Central endocannabinoid signaling is known to be responsive to stressful stimuli; however, there is no research to date characterizing the effects of stress on peripheral endocannabinoid content. The current study examined serum content of the endocannabinoid ligands N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the non-cannabinoid N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) molecules palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) under basal conditions, immediately following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and 30min thereafter, in 15 medication-free women diagnosed with major dep...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Matthew N. Hill, Gregory E. Miller, Erica J. Carrier, Boris B. Gorzalka, Cecilia J. Hillard Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Increased prevalence of antibodies to central nervous system tissue and gangliosides in Hashimoto's thyroiditis compared to other thyroid illnessesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Background: Previous studies point to central nervous system (CNS) alterations in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies (Abs) against CNS tissue and gangliosides in female patients with HT compared to patients with other non-autoimmune thyroid disorders, comprising diffuse or nodular goitre and thyroid surgery for goitre.Methods: 58 HT patients (mean age: 46±17 years) and 89 patients with other thyroid disorders (mean age: 51±15 years) were recruited consecutively from our endocrine outpatient c...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Karsten Müssig, Thomas Leyhe, Sonja Holzmüller, Reinhild Klein, Claudia Weinert, Ralf Saur, Stefan Klingberg, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Baptist Gallwitz Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

The association of the cortisol awakening response with experimental pain ratingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Cortisol is a key stress hormone that is implicated in a variety of physiological responses. Attenuated Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is associated with many negative health outcomes, but little research has investigated CAR and pain. The current study examines the association of CAR with experimental acute-pain ratings in healthy men and women. Attenuated CAR was related to greater pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings. Future research should examine this association across various pain populations. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: L.A. Fabian, L. McGuire, G.G. Page, B.R. Goodin, R.R. Edwards, J. Haythornthwaite Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Hormonal reactivity to MRI scanning in adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a procedure that is now widely used to study emotional and cognitive processes in children and adolescents. However, the context within which brain imaging data are collected is a social context that may induce anxiety and stress. Several hormones have been shown to be responsive to environmental stressors. These stress responses may impact ability to successfully complete the procedure or collect imaging data. To investigate these issues, we measured salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone in 160 adolescents during both a simulation (practice) and act...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Erin M. Eatough, Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff, Jamie L. Hanson, Seth D. Pollak Tags: Short Communications Source Type: journals

Sex differences in hormonal responses to a social stressor in chronic major depressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Males and females with CMDD exhibited unique differences in cortisol responses to the social challenge relative to controls. In females, CMDD subjects had greater overall secretion of cortisol whereas in males, CMDD subjects had a blunted peak response to the social stressor. Sex differences are an important consideration in future work in this population. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kevin K. Chopra, Arun Ravindran, Sidney H. Kennedy, Bronwyn Mackenzie, Stephen Matthews, Hymie Anisman, R. Michael Bagby, Peter Farvolden, Robert D. Levitan Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of elevated circulating cortisol concentrations on maternal behavior in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, therefore, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that both acute and chronic treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids would alter maternal behavior in a primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Multiparous females, approximately 3–5 weeks postpartum, received daily injections of either cortisol (hydrocortisone sodium succinate and hydrocortisone acetate; N=7) or vehicle (N=7) for 8 days, and maternal behavior was characterized under baseline conditions as well as during exposure to a noise stressor. Cortisol treatment successfully elevated both morning and afternoon plasma cortisol concentratio...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wendy Saltzman, David H. Abbott Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Hormone exposure and functional lateralisation: Examining the contributions of prenatal and later life hormonal exposureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study different sources of hormonal exposure were examined: prenatal exposure, estimated using the 2D:4D ratio, and later life exposure through examining the effects of hormone replacement therapy. In addition to considering multiple sources of hormonal exposure, three tests of functional lateralisation were used: two versions of the chimeric faces test, one using positive emotion and the other using negative emotion, and the landmark task. The same effects were found across all three measures of lateralisation. Lower 2D:4D ratios, which indicate high levels of prenatal testosterone exposure, were associated with s...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Victoria J. Bourne, Dawn L. Gray Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Dex/CRH test cortisol response in outpatients with major depression and matched healthy controlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The results do not support the hypothesis that elevated cortisol response to the Dex/CRH test represents a marker for major depressive episodes. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Linda L. Carpenter, Nicole S. Ross, Audrey R. Tyrka, George M. Anderson, Megan Kelly, Lawrence H. Price Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Elevated cortisol and learning and memory deficits in cocaine dependent individuals: Relationship to relapse outcomesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These findings are the first to demonstrate that learning and memory deficits in CD individuals are associated with enhanced cortisol and with cocaine use outcomes after inpatient treatment. The findings are consistent with recent addiction models suggesting that chronic cocaine-related neuroadaptations affects learning and memory function, which in turn, influences drug use outcomes. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Helen C. Fox, Eric D. Jackson, Rajita Sinha Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Alterations in male infant behaviors towards its mother by prenatal exposure to bisphenol A in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during early suckling periodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental chemical with physiological potencies that cause adverse effects, even at environmentally relevant exposures, on the basis of a number of studies in experimental rodents. Thus, there is an increasing concern about environmental exposure of humans to BPA. In the present study, we used experimentally controlled cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) to assess the influence of prenatal exposure to BPA (10μg/(kgday)) via subcutaneously implanted pumps and examined social behaviors between infants and their mothers during the suckling period. Mother–infant interactions in cyno...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - July 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Akiko Nakagami, Takayuki Negishi, Katsuyoshi Kawasaki, Noritaka Imai, Yoshiro Nishida, Toshio Ihara, Yoichiro Kuroda, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, Takamasa Koyama Tags: Articles Source Type: journals