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Energy deposition and relative frequency of hits of cylindrical nanovolume in medium irradiated by ions: Monte Carlo simulation of tracks structure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Radiation track structure simulations have been used for many years to study the DNA damage caused by heavy ions. These studies are highly relevant for treatment planning of heavy ion radiotherapy and space radiation risk assessment. Measurements of the frequency of delta-rays hits, mean specific energy per target hits and per ion, and the frequency of dose distribution in a cylindrical target volume placed at various radial distances from (4)He(2+), (12)C(6+) and (16)O(8+) tracks have been performed by Schmollack et al. (in Radiat Res 153:469-478, 2000). In the present work, Monte Carlo simulation of radiation tracks ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - November 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Plante I, Cucinotta FA Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Use of the individual data of the a-bomb survivors for biologically based cancer models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
All recent analyses of the data on solid cancer incidence of the atomic bomb survivors are corrected for migration and random dose errors. In the usual treatment with grouped data and regression calibration, the calibration of doses depends on the used dose response. For solid cancers, it usually is linear. Here, an individual likelihood is presented which works without further adjustment for all dose responses. When the same assumptions are made as in the usual Poisson regression, equivalent results are obtained. But, the individual likelihood has the potential to use more detailed models for dose errors and to estima...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - November 12, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Heidenreich WF, Cullings HM Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Review and meta-analysis of epidemiological associations between low/moderate doses of ionizing radiation and circulatory disease risks, and their possible mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although the link between high doses of ionizing radiation and damage to the heart and coronary arteries has been well established for some time, the association between lower-dose exposures and late occurring cardiovascular disease has only recently begun to emerge, and is still controversial. In this paper, we extend an earlier systematic review by Little et al. on the epidemiological evidence for associations between low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation exposure and late occurring blood circulatory system disease. Excess relative risks per unit dose in epidemiological studies vary over at least two orders of...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 28, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Little MP, Tawn EJ, Tzoulaki I, Wakeford R, Hildebrandt G, Paris F, Tapio S, Elliott P Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

An approach to the assessment of risk from chronic radiation to populations of European lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The basic principles underlying a four-discrete age group, logistic, growth model for the European lobster Homarus gammarus are presented and discussed at proof-of-concept level. The model considers reproduction, removal by predation, natural death, fishing, radiation and migration. Non-stochastic effects of chronic low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation are modelled with emphasis on (99)Tc, using three endpoints: repairable radiation damage, impairment of reproductive ability and, at higher dose rates, mortality. An allometric approach for the calculation of LD(50/30) as a function of the mass of each life stage i...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Vives I Batlle J, Wilson RC, Watts SJ, McDonald P, Jones SR, Vives-Lynch SM, Craze A Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Radon and risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the German uranium miners cohort study: follow-up 1946-2003.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Data from the German uranium miners cohort study were analyzed to investigate the radon-related risk of mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The Wismut cohort includes 58,987 men who were employed for at least 6 months from 1946 to 1989 at the former Wismut uranium mining company in Eastern Germany. By the end of 2003, a total of 3,016 lung cancer deaths, 3,355 deaths from extrapulmonary cancers, 5,141 deaths from heart diseases and 1,742 deaths from cerebrovascular diseases were observed. Although a number of studies have already been published on various endpoints in the Wismut cohort, the aim of the pr...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kreuzer M, Grosche B, Schnelzer M, Tschense A, Dufey F, Walsh L Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Cancer mortality among German aircrew: second follow-up.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aircrew members are exposed to cosmic radiation and other specific occupational factors. In a previous analysis of a large cohort of German aircrew, no increase in cancer mortality or dose-related effects was observed. In the present study, the follow-up of this cohort of 6,017 cockpit and 20,757 cabin crew members was extended by 6 years to 2003. Among male cockpit crew, the resulting all-cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) (n = 127) is 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8), while for brain tumors it is 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-3.9). The cancer risk is significantly raised (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) among cockpit crew members employed 30...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Zeeb H, Hammer GP, Langner I, Schafft T, Bennack S, Blettner M Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Pregnancy outcome of women in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether proximity to nuclear power plants may increase the risk of abnormal pregnant outcomes among the resident women. In this ecological study, data were used from the Health Services Birth Reports Database established by the Bureau of Health Promotion, National Department of Health, Taiwan, in 2001-2004. Chi-square-tests were carried out to investigate the "Plant-vicinity" and "Non plant-vicinity" group in terms of pregnancy outcome. Additionally, logistic regression was performed to investigate whether residence in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant was related to any ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Wang SI, Lee LT, Zou ML, Fan CW, Yaung CL Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Radiation exposure and cancer incidence in a cohort of nuclear power industry workers in the Republic of Korea, 1992-2005.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines for the first time cancer incidence between radiation and non-radiation workers in nuclear power facilities in the Republic of Korea. Radiation workers were defined as persons who were issued with a dosimeter at nuclear power facilities, until 2005. All analyses were conducted on male workers only (in total 16,236 individuals) because of the sparseness of females. Statistical analyses were carried out using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), to compare the cancer risks of radiation and non-radiation workers with those of the general population, and the chi(2) trend test was used to investigate any ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - October 12, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Jeong M, Jin YW, Yang KH, Ahn YO, Cha CY Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

The use of hair as an indicator of occupational (14)C contamination.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents a study in which the specific activity of (14)C in hair has been investigated as an easily determined bio-indicator of the integrated (14)C exposure (over several months). The study includes 28 Swedish workers handling (14)C-labelled compounds, or working in a (14)C-enriched environment. Hair samples from personnel at a Swedish nuclear power plant showed very low levels of (14)C contamination, if any. In contrast, personnel at the investigated research departments showed (14)C levels in hair of up to 60% above the natural specific activity of (14)C. Much higher levels, up to 80 times the natural spe...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Stenström K, Unkel I, Nilsson CM, Rääf C, Mattsson S Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Response to "Overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: calculation of a latent period for tumors with unproven radiation etiology" by S. V. Jargin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19771445 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 21, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ivanov VK Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosomal instability and persistence of chromosome aberrations after radiotherapy in lymphocytes from prostate cancer patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to compare the spontaneous and ex vivo radiation-induced chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of untreated prostate cancer patients and age-matched healthy donors, and to evaluate the chromosomal damage, induced by radiotherapy, and its persistence. Blood samples from 102 prostate cancer patients were obtained before radiotherapy to investigate the excess acentric fragments and dicentric chromosomes. In addition, in a subgroup of ten patients, simple exchanges in chromosomes 2 and 4 were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), before the onset of therapy, in the middle and at the en...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Hille A, Hofman-Hüther H, Kühnle E, Wilken B, Rave-Fränk M, Schmidberger H, Virsik P Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

(210)Pb concentration in household dust: a potential indicator of long-term indoor radon exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Radon decays to a long-lived isotope (210)Pb with a half-life of about 22 years. Measuring concentrations of (210)Pb in household dust could be an alternative method of determining indoor radon levels. This novel method for estimating long-term radon concentration was explored in over a hundred Canadian residential homes. The results demonstrate that (210)Pb concentrations in household dust relate reasonably well to radon concentrations in homes. PMID: 19756686 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Chen J, Zhang W, Sandles DG, Timmins R, Verdecchia K Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: calculation of a latent period for tumors with unproven radiation etiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19756687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Jargin SV Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

In vitro radioprotection studies of organoselenium compounds: differences between mono- and diselenides.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Organoselenium compounds belonging to the class of monoselenides, such as selenomethionine (SeM) and methylselenocysteine (MSeCys) and diselenides including selenocystine (SeCys) and selenopropionic acid (SePA), were examined for their comparative radioprotective effects using in vitro models. Effects of these compounds on the inhibition of gamma-radiation induced lipid peroxidation in liposomes, protein carbonylation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and strand breaks in pBR322 plasmid DNA, assessed, respectively, by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, formation of 2,2'-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH)...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - September 15, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Santhosh Kumar B, Kunwar A, Ahmad A, Kumbhare LB, Jain VK, Priyadarsini KI Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Evaluation of external exposures of the population of Ozyorsk, Russia, with luminescence measurements of bricks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently discovered historical documents indicate that large releases of noble gases (mainly (41)Ar and radioactive isotopes of Kr and Xe) from the Mayak Production Association (MPA) over the period from 1948 to 1956 may have caused considerable external exposures of both, inhabitants of Ozyorsk and former inhabitants of villages at the upper Techa River. To quantify this exposure, seven brick samples from three buildings in Ozyorsk, located 8-10 km north-northwest from the radioactive gas release points, were taken. The absorbed dose in brick was measured in a depth interval of 3-13 mm below the exposed surface of the...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - August 12, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Woda C, Jacob P, Ulanovsky A, Fiedler I, Mokrov Y, Rovny S Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Modeling radiation-induced cell cycle delays.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ionizing radiation is known to delay the cell cycle progression. In particular after particle exposure significant delays have been observed and it has been shown that the extent of delay affects the expression of damage, such as chromosome aberrations. Thus, to predict how cells respond to ionizing radiation and to derive reliable estimates of radiation risks, information about radiation-induced cell cycle perturbations is required. In the present study we describe and apply a method for retrieval of information about the time-course of all cell cycle phases from experimental data on the mitotic index only. We study t...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - August 10, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ochab-Marcinek A, Gudowska-Nowak E, Nasonova E, Ritter S Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Rituximab sensitizes a Burkitt lymphoma cell line to cell killing by X-irradiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims to investigate the effects of rituximab (R) on cell death induced by X-irradiation in Raji lymphoma cells and to evaluate its mechanisms. We found the cell growth inhibition by irradiation was enhanced by additional rituximab exposure both in cells precultured with rituximab followed by irradiation (R + irradiation) or in cells treated in the reverse sequence (irradiation + R). R + irradiation combination treatment induced more apoptotic cells than irradiation and irradiation + R treatment as early as 12 h after treatment. At 24 h, both combination treatments, R + irradiation and irradiation + R, showed apo...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - August 3, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Fengling M, Fenju L, Wanxin W, Lijia Z, Jiandong T, Zu W, Xin Y, Qingxiang G Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Radiobiological effects of total body irradiation on the spinal cord.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Total body Irradiation (TBI) is often used for conditioning, prior to bone marrow transplantation. Doses of 8-14 Gy in 1-8 fractions over 1-4 days are administered using low dose rate external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). When necessary, consolidation EBRT using conventional doses, fractionation and dose rate is given. The irradiated volume usually contains critical organs such as spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to assess the biologic effect of TBI on the spinal cord in terms of EQD(2) (equivalent dose given in fractions of 2 Gy). EQD(2) values were calculated using the linear-quadratic generalized incomplete r...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - July 29, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Nevelsky A, Bar-Deroma R, Kuten A Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Interaction of ion tracks in spatial and temporal proximity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present work, a systematic analysis of the impact of spatial and temporal proximity of ion tracks on the yield of higher-order radiolytic species as well as of DNA damage patterns is presented. This potential impact may be of concern when laser-driven particle accelerators are used for ion radiation therapy. The biophysical Monte Carlo track structure code PARTRAC was used and, to this end, extended in two aspects: first, the temporal information about track evolution has been included in the track structure module and, second, the simulation code has been modified to enable parallel multiple track processing du...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - July 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kreipl MS, Friedland W, Paretzke HG Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

ESR dosimetry study on population of settlements nearby Ust-Kamenogorsk city, Kazakhstan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The method of electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry has been applied to human tooth enamel, to obtain individual absorbed doses of residents of settlements in vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk city, Kazakhstan (located about 400 km to the east from the epicenter of explosion at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, SNTS). This region developed as a major mining and metallurgical center during the Soviet period (uranium production). Most of the investigated settlements (Ust-Kamenogorsk city, Glubokoe, Tavriya, Gagarino) are located near the central axis of the radioactive fallout trace that originated from the surface nuclea...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - June 25, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Zhumadilov K, Ivannikov A, Zharlyganova D, Zhumadilov Z, Stepanenko V, Apsalikov K, Ali MR, Zhumadilova A, Toyoda S, Endo S, Tanaka K, Okamoto T, Hoshi M Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

A new view of radiation-induced cancer: integrating short- and long-term processes. Part I: Approach.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mathematical models of radiation carcinogenesis are important for understanding mechanisms and for interpreting or extrapolating risk. There are two classes of such models: (1) long-term formalisms that track pre-malignant cell numbers throughout an entire lifetime but treat initial radiation dose-response simplistically and (2) short-term formalisms that provide a detailed initial dose-response even for complicated radiation protocols, but address its modulation during the subsequent cancer latency period only indirectly. We argue that integrating short- and long-term models is needed. As an example of this novel appr...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - June 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Shuryak I, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L, Sachs RK, Brenner DJ Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Non-parametric estimation of thresholds for radiation effects in vertebrate species under chronic low-LET exposures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Databases on effects of chronic low-LET radiation exposure were analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods, to estimate the threshold dose rates above which radiation effects can be expected in vertebrate organisms. Data were grouped under three umbrella endpoints: effects on morbidity, reproduction, and life shortening. The data sets were compiled on a simple 'yes' or 'no' basis. Each data set included dose rates at which effects were reported without further details about the size or peculiarity of the effects. In total, the data sets include 84 values for endpoint "morbidity", 77 values for reproduction, and 41 ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - June 16, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Sazykina TG, Kryshev AI, Sanina KD Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Electron paramagnetic resonance in irradiated fingernails: variability of dose dependence and possibilities of initial dose assessment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements in irradiated fingernails are presented. In total, 83 samples of different fingernails were studied. Five different groups of samples were selected based on the collection time of fingernail samples, their level of mechanical stress, and the number and size of clippings: (1) recently (<24 h) cut, irradiated and measured with EPR without any treatment of samples, and with rigorous control of size and number of clippings (stressed-fresh, controlled); (2) recently (<24 h) cut, irradiated and measured with EPR after application of a special treatment (...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - June 11, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Reyes RA, Romanyukha A, Olsen C, Trompier F, Benevides LA Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

A new view of radiation-induced cancer: integrating short- and long-term processes. Part II: second cancer risk estimation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As the number of cancer survivors grows, prediction of radiotherapy-induced second cancer risks becomes increasingly important. Because the latency period for solid tumors is long, the risks of recently introduced radiotherapy protocols are not yet directly measurable. In the accompanying article, we presented a new biologically based mathematical model, which, in principle, can estimate second cancer risks for any protocol. The novelty of the model is that it integrates, into a single formalism, mechanistic analyses of pre-malignant cell dynamics on two different time scales: short-term during radiotherapy and recover...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - June 4, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Shuryak I, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L, Sachs RK, Brenner DJ Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Heterogeneity of variation of relative risk by age at exposure in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19479272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - May 28, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Walsh L Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Incidence of leukaemia and other malignant diseases following injections of the short-lived alpha-emitter (224)Ra into man.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We performed an epidemiological study on 1,471 ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with repeated intravenous injections of the short lived alpha-emitter (224)Ra (excluding radiation therapy with X-rays) between 1948 and 1975. These patients have been followed together with a control group of 1,324 ankylosing spondylitis patients treated neither with radioactive drugs nor with X-rays. The mean follow-up time was 26.3 years in the exposed and 24.6 years in the control group. To date, causes of death have been ascertained for 1,006 exposed patients and 1,072 controls. Special emphasis was placed on the reporting of ma...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - May 27, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Wick RR, Atkinson MJ, Nekolla EA Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Heterogeneity of variation of relative risk by age at exposure in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we reanalyse the latest Japanese atomic bomb survivor solid cancer mortality and incidence data analysed by Preston and co-workers, stratifying by cancer subtype where possible, the stratification being both in relation to the baseline and the radiation-associated excess. We find highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) variations of relative risk by cancer type, and statistically significant variations by cancer type in the adjustments for sex (P = 0.010) and age at exposure (P = 0.013) to the relative risk. There is no statistically significant (P > 0.2) variation by cancer type in the adjustmen...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - May 26, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Little MP Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

An estimation of Canadian population exposure to cosmic rays.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The worldwide average exposure to cosmic rays contributes to about 16% of the annual effective dose from natural radiation sources. At ground level, doses from cosmic ray exposure depend strongly on altitude, and weakly on geographical location and solar activity. With the analytical model PARMA developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, annual effective doses due to cosmic ray exposure at ground level were calculated for more than 1,500 communities across Canada which cover more than 85% of the Canadian population. The annual effective doses from cosmic ray exposure in the year 2000 during solar maximum ranged from ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - April 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Chen J, Timmins R, Verdecchia K, Sato T Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Measurement of activity concentrations of (40)K, (226)Ra and (232)Th for assessment of radiation hazards from soils of the southwestern region of Nigeria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Activity concentrations of the selected radionuclides (40)K, (226)Ra and (232)Th were measured in surface soil samples collected from 38 cities in the southwest region of Nigeria by means of gamma spectroscopy with a high-purity germanium detector. Measured activity concentration values of (40)K varied from 34.9 +/- 4.4 to 1,358.6 +/- 28.5 Bq kg(-1) (given on a dry mass (DM) basis) with a mean value of 286.5 +/- 308.5 Bq kg(-1); that of (226)Ra varied from 9.3 +/- 3.7 to 198.1 +/- 13.8 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 54.5 Bq kg(-1) and a standard deviation of 38.7 Bq kg(-1), while that of (232)Th varied from 5.4 +/- 1.1...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - April 8, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ajayi OS Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: biophysical aspects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19350260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - April 7, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Jargin SV Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Latent period in induction of radiogenic solid tumors in the cohort of emergency workers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The paper presents estimates for the latent period of the induction of radiogenic solid cancers among Chernobyl emergency workers (males) living in six central regions of Russia. The analysis is based on medical and dosimetry data gathered by the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry over the time period from 1986 to 2005. The cohort includes 59,770 persons who stayed in the exposure zone (30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant) in 1986-1987. There were 2,718 cases of solid tumors identified during the follow-up time in this cohort. The mean radiation dose in the cohort is 0.13 Gy. The radiation ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - March 27, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ivanov VK, Gorsky AI, Kashcheev VV, Maksioutov MA, Tumanov KA Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Does balneotherapy with low radon concentration in water influence the endocrine system? A controlled non-randomized pilot study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Radon bath is a well-established modality of balneotherapy for the management of degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. The present study was conducted to ascertain whether baths of relatively low (80 Bq/l) radon concentration have any influence on the functioning of the endocrine system. In the study, a non-randomized pilot study, 27 patients with degenerative musculoskeletal disorders received 30-min radon baths (of 31-32 degrees C temperature and 80 Bq/l average radon concentration) daily, for 15 days. Twenty-five patients with matching pathologies were subjected to balneotherapy according to the same protocol, usi...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - March 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Nagy K, Berhés I, Kovács T, Kávási N, Somlai J, Bender T Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Relative biological effectiveness of 25 and 10 kV X-rays for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in two human mammary epithelial cell lines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Administration of ionizing radiation for diagnostic purposes can be associated with a risk for the induction of tumors. Therefore, particularly with regard to general screening programs, e.g. with mammography, cost-benefit considerations must be discussed including risk estimation depending upon the radiation quality administered. The present study was initiated to investigate the in vitro X-ray energy dependence for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in the two mammary epithelial cell lines, 184A1 and MCF-12A. The induced excess fragments, dicentric chromosomes and centric rings were analyzed and the relative bi...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - March 17, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Beyreuther E, Dörr W, Lehnert A, Lessmann E, Pawelke J Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Long-term effects of irradiation with iron-56 particles on the nigrostriatal dopamine system.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined measures of brain dopamine viability at times up to 15 months after acute exposure of rats to (56)Fe (1.2-2.4 Gy). No effects were seen in brain sections stained for tyrosine hydroxylase, the classical marker for dopamine cells and nerve terminals. Locomotion stimulated by cocaine, which directly activates the dopamine system, was reduced at 6 months but not at 12 months. Furthermore, in a visually cued lever-pressing test, reaction times, which are prolonged by dopamine system damage, were identical in irradiated and control animals. However, learning times were increased by irradiation. Our data suggest that ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - March 4, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Rice OV, Grande AV, Dehktyar N, Bruneus M, Robinson JK, Gatley SJ Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Measurements of secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation with a Bonner sphere spectrometer at 79 degrees N.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Air crew members and airline passengers are continuously exposed to cosmic radiation during their flights. Particles ejected by the sun during so-called solar particle events (SPEs) in periods of high solar activity can contribute to this exposure. In rare cases the dose from a single SPE might even exceed the annual dose limit of 1 mSv above which dose monitoring of air crews is legally required in Germany. Measurements performed by means of neutron monitors have already shown that the relative intensity of secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation is enhanced during an SPE, particularly at regions close to the magneti...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 27, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Rühm W, Mares V, Pioch C, Weitzenegger E, Vockenroth R, Paretzke HG Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Sex-specific aspects of tumor therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is increasing evidence that sex-specific differences in toxicity profiles and outcome after radiotherapy are accumulating in medical oncology, and that treatment strategies may require some modification. Furthermore, sex-specific differences in the sensitivity to genotoxic and therapeutical agents are also of general concern for risk estimation. This review is focussed on the specific influence of sex on these endpoints covering both a clinical and a biological point of view. In this paper, the literature was systematically reviewed with respect to sex-specific differences in tumor and normal tissue sensitivity a...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 26, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Borgmann K, Dikomey E, Petersen C, Feyer P, Hoeller U Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Response to "On pre- or postnatal diagnostic X-rays as a risk factor for childhood cancer review" by R. Wakeford.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19242713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 26, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Schulze-Rath R, Hammer GP, Blettner M Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

On pre- or postnatal diagnostic X-rays as a risk factor for childhood leukaemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19242714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 26, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Wakeford R Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Response to "On the calculation of external radiation doses from (137)Cs to frog phantoms in a wetland area" by G. Pröhl and A. Ulanovsky.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Response to "On the calculation of external radiation doses from (137)Cs to frog phantoms in a wetland area" by G. Pröhl and A. Ulanovsky. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2009 Feb 24; Authors: Stark K, Pettersson HB PMID: 19238417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Stark K, Pettersson HB Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

On the calculation of external radiation doses from (137)Cs to frog phantoms in a wetland area.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19238418 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Pröhl G, Ulanovsky A Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Induced expression of the IER5 gene by gamma-ray irradiation and its involvement in cell cycle checkpoint control and survival.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immediate-early response gene 5 (IER5) was previously shown, using microarray analysis, to be upregulated by ionizing radiation. Here we further characterized the dose- and time-dependency of radiation-induced expression of IER5 at doses from 0.5 to 15 Gy by quantitative real-time PCR analyses in HeLa cells and human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cells. A radiation-induced increase in the IER5 mRNA level was evident 2 h after irradiation with 2 Gy in both cell lines. In AHH-1 cells the expression reached a peak at 4 h and then quickly returned to the control level, while in HeLa cells the expression only remained increased ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ding KK, Shang ZF, Hao C, Xu QZ, Shen JJ, Yang CJ, Xie YH, Qiao C, Wang Y, Xu LL, Zhou PK Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Spectroscopic, kinetic and dosimetric features of the radical species produced after radiodegradation of solid triclosan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present work, spectroscopic, kinetic and dosimetric features of the radicalic intermediates produced after gamma irradiation at room temperature of solid triclosan (2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether; TCS) were investigated by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) at various temperatures. The same material was also irradiated with UV light, and an ESR spectrum very similar to that obtained for gamma-irradiated TCS, was recorded. The ESR spectrum of TCS is characterized by an unresolved doublet with resonance lines split into other doublets. An evaluation technique based on variations of four a...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ustündağ IO, Korkmaz M Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Radon diffusion coefficients of vapour barrier membranes used in Canadian building construction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides test results of radon diffusion coefficients for 10 vapour barrier membranes commonly used in Canadian building construction. PMID: 19214548 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics)
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 12, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Chen J, Ly J, Schroth E, Hnatiuk S, Frenette E, Blain MF Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Screening effects in risk studies of thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accident.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this article scenarios have been developed, which simulate screening effects in ecological and cohort studies of thyroid cancer incidence among Ukrainians, whose thyroids have been exposed to (131)I in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident. If possible, the scenarios were based on directly observed data, such as the population size, dose distributions and thyroid cancer cases. Two scenarios were considered where the screening effect on baseline cases is either equal to or larger than that of radiation-related thyroid cancer cases. For ecological studies in settlements with more than ten measurements of the (131)I ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - February 12, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Kaiser JC, Jacob P, Blettner M, Vavilov S Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

The Cosmic Silence experiment: on the putative adaptive role of environmental ionizing radiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previously we reported that yeast and Chinese hamster V79 cells cultured under reduced levels of background environmental ionizing radiation show enhanced susceptibility to damage caused by acute doses of genotoxic agents. Reduction of environmental radiation dose rate was achieved by setting up an underground laboratory at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, central Italy. We now report on the extension of our studies to a human cell line. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were maintained under identical in vitro culture conditions for six continuous months, at different environmental ionizing radiation levels. Compared...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - January 24, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Carbone MC, Pinto M, Antonelli F, Amicarelli F, Balata M, Belli M, Conti Devirgiliis L, Ioannucci L, Nisi S, Sapora O, Satta L, Simone G, Sorrentino E, Tabocchini MA Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

The effect of electron and gamma irradiation on the induction of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked human blood lymphocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of electrons and gamma irradiation on the induction of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked human peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated to understand the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of electrons compared with gamma rays. Blood samples were irradiated with an 8 MeV pulsed electron beam, at a mean instantaneous dose rate of 2.6 x 10(5) Gy s(-1). Gamma irradiation was carried out at a dose rate of 1.98 Gy min(-1) using (60)Co gamma source. A dose-dependent increase in micronuclei yield was observed. The dose-response relationships for induction of micronuclei fitted well to a linear-quadratic ...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - January 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Acharya S, Sanjeev G, Bhat NN, Siddappa K, Narayana Y Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Temperature-controlled exposure systems for investigating possible changes of retinal ganglion cell activity in response to high-frequency electromagnetic fields.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two exposure systems were developed for the measurement of retinal ganglion cell responses to light under the influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Exposure characteristics were determined numerically for the GSM standards (900/1,800 MHz) and the UMTS standard (1,966 MHz) with specific absorption rates, averaged over the region of interest, of 0.02, 0.2, 2 und 20 W kg(-1). Extracellular multi- and single unit recordings of light responses from several retinal ganglion cells per retina could be obtained in these exposure systems on a regular basis, using two recording electrodes simultaneously. With...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - January 14, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Ahlers MT, Bolz T, Bahr A, Ammermüller J Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Calculation of energy-deposition distributions and microdosimetric estimation of the biological effect of a (9)C beam.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among the alternative beams being recently considered for external cancer radiotherapy, (9)C has received some attention because it is expected that its biological effectiveness could be boosted by the beta-delayed emission of two alpha particles and a proton that takes place at the ion-stopping site. Experiments have been performed to characterise this exotic beam physically and models have been developed to estimate quantitatively its biological effect. Here, the particle and heavy-ion transport code system ( PHITS ) is used to calculate energy-deposition and linear energy transfer distributions for a (9)C beam in wa...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - December 12, 2008 Category: Physics Authors: Mancusi D, Sihver L, Niita K, Li Q, Sato T, Iwase H, Iwamoto Y, Matsuda N, Sakamoto Y, Nakashima H Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Ice as a water-equivalent solid medium for brachytherapy dosimetric measurements.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Precise positioning of source and dosimeters is essential in the experimental determination of dosimetric characteristics of brachytherapy sources. Various near-water equivalent solid phantoms have been used to achieve the necessary precision in the positioning. However, the uncertainties in their chemical compositions may lead to non-negligible uncertainties in the determined doses. It is proposed here that ice may be used as an alternative to the conventional solid phantoms, since its chemical composition is identical to water while the positioning advantage associated with solid phantoms is retained. In this work, t...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - December 9, 2008 Category: Physics Authors: Song H, Chen Z, Yue N, Wu Q, Yin FF Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals

Influence of the bystander phenomenon on the chromosome aberration pattern in human lymphocytes induced by in vitro alpha-particle exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A recent publication on both chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations in lymphocytes of patients during treatment with radium-224 for ankylosing spondilitis has revived the question of whether the chromatid-type aberrations may be the consequence of factors released by irradiated cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of such a bystander phenomenon on the chromosome aberration pattern of lymphocytes. Monolayers of human lymphocytes were irradiated with 1 Gy of alpha-particles from an americium-241 source in the absence or presence of whole blood, autologous plasma or cultu...
Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics - December 9, 2008 Category: Physics Authors: Schmid E, Roos H Tags: Radiat Environ Biophys Source Type: journals