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A role for acute-phase serum amyloid A and high-density lipoprotein in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is a clinically useful marker of inflammation and associates strongly with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Chronically elevated SAA concentrations may contribute to physiological processes that lead to atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, an early and predictive event in the development of cardiovascular disease. Accumulating data suggest that SAA can be a direct mediator in the development and progression of atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. SAA may affect key events underlying acute coronary syndromes, including cholesterol transport, contribute ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hua S, Song C, Geczy CL, Freedman SB, Witting PK Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Improved peroxyl radical scavenging TOSC assay to quantify antioxidant capacity using SIFT-MS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a new, fast, sensitive variation of the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay for measuring the antioxidant capacity of pure compounds, plant extracts and biological fluids using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). The TOSC assay examines the partial inhibition of ethene formation in the presence of antioxidants that compete with alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) for reactive oxygen species. The SIFT-MS-TOSC assay takes 15 s for each ethene analysis and the time interval between consecutive analyses is 20 s. We demonstrate the method by monitoring the antioxidant capacity of ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Senthilmohan ST, Davis BM, Wilson PF, McEwan MJ Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

The interaction between follicular fluid total antioxidant capacity, infertility and early reproductive outcomes during in vitro fertilization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The follicular fluid pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance required for conception in women undergoing IVF is related to the aetiology of infertility, age, the presence of polycystic ovary morphology and smoking. PMID: 19843375 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Oyawoye OA, Abdel-Gadir A, Garner A, Leonard AJ, Perrett C, Hardiman P Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Buffer modulation of menadione-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to compare, in vivo, the effects of bicarbonate and phosphate buffers on survival and menadione-induced oxidative stress in yeast cells. The latter were treated with different concentrations of menadione in the presence of these two buffers. At 25 mM concentration of buffers, menadione only slightly reduced yeast surviving; at 50 mM concentration, cell killing by menadione was much more pronounced in bicarbonate than in phosphate buffer. Although the content of protein carbonyl groups did not show development of oxidative stress under menadione-induced stress, inactivation of aconitase and d...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lushchak OV, Bayliak MM, Korobova OV, Levine RL, Lushchak VI Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Antioxidant supplementation lowers circulating IGF-1 but not F(2)-isoprostanes immediately following anterior cruciate ligament surgery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study consisted of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily supplementation with either: (i) antioxidants (AO; vitamins E [alpha-tocopherol] and C [ascorbic acid]; n = 10); or (ii) matching placebos (PL; n = 10). Supplementation started approximately 2 weeks prior to surgery (baseline) and concluded 3 months after surgery. Subjects provided six fasting blood samples at: (i) baseline; (ii) immediately pre-surgery (Pre); (iii) 90 min; (iv) 72 h; (v) 7 days; and (vi) 3 months post-surgery. alpha-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, F(2)-isoprostane and IGF-1 concent...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Barker T, Leonard SW, Trawick RH, Walker JA, Traber MG Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Heavy metal ion-induced insulin-mimetic signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a mediator of insulin effects on target cells and, as such, is a major regulator of fuel metabolism. Akt was demonstrated to be activated in a phosphoinositide 3'-kinase-dependent fashion by stressful stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and certain heavy metal ions. This minireview focuses on activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade by exposure of cells to transition metal ions, such as Cu(II), Zn(II) or Ni(II), and discusses potential mechanisms of Akt activation and the role of ROS therein and consequences for signaling processes downstream of Akt, including modulat...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Eckers A, Klotz LO Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Heat shock proteins: keys to healthy ageing?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Organisms produce reactive species throughout their lives, and this may result in damage to proteins and other biological molecules. Oxidatively damaged proteins are normally selectively degraded and replaced, but this process appears to be less efficient in senescent, long-lived, post-mitotic cells, as is evidenced by their accumulation in the form of lipofuscin inside the lysosomal compartment. A great deal of research has focused on changes to the proteolytic machinery in the ageing cell, in particular the proteasome, although failure of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to bind and deliver oxidised proteins efficiently to...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rodgers KJ, Ford JL, Brunk UT Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Resveratrol opposite effects on rat tissue lipoperoxidation: pro-oxidant during day-time and antioxidant at night.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the dosing-time dependency of acute resveratrol administration on lipoperoxidation level found in the heart, liver and kidney of male rats synchronized with a 12-h dark-light cycle. Resveratrol was administered by the i.p. route at the middle of the dark (6 h after dark onset, HADO) or light span (18 HADO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) measured 4 h later at 10 and 22 HADO, respectively. Basal TBARS levels in the three organs were higher during the night span when compared to day span. Resveratrol effect on tissues TBARS was also dosing-time dependent. When administered during the dark...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gadacha W, Ben-Attia M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Aouani E, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Touitou Y Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Protein carbonylation: avoiding pitfalls in the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine assay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Protein carbonyl content is widely used as both a marker for oxidative stress and a measure of oxidative damage. Widely used methods for determination of protein carbonylation utilize the reaction of carbonyl groups with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to form protein-bound 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. Hydrazones can be quantitated spectrophotometrically or, for greater sensitivity, detected immunochemically with anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies. Attention to methodology is important to avoid artifactual elevation in protein carbonyl measurements. We studied extracts of Escherichia coli to identify and eliminate such ef...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Luo S, Wehr NB Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Vitamin E reduces cold-induced oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscle decreasing mitochondrial H(2)O(2) release and tissue susceptibility to oxidants.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vitamin E is able to attenuate rat liver oxidative damage without modifying metabolic response to experimental and functional hyperthyroidism. We investigated whether vitamin E has similar effects in skeletal muscle from rats made hyperthyroid by exposure to low environmental temperature. Vitamin treatment was found to maintain cold-induced increases in aerobic capacity and O(2) consumption of homogenates and mitochondria, and muscle content of mitochondrial proteins. Conversely, antioxidant treatment limited oxidative damage of muscle preparations as demonstrated by the reduction in hydroperoxide and protein-bound car...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Intracellular glutathione regulates Andrographolide-induced cytotoxicity on hepatoma Hep3B cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Andrographolide (ANDRO), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the traditional herbal plant Andrographis paniculata, was reported to induce apoptosis in hepatoma Hep3B cells in our previous study (Ji LL, Liu TY, Liu J, Chen Y, Wang ZT. Andrographolide inhibits human hepatoma-derived Hep3B cells growth through the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Planta Med 2007; 73: 1397-1401). The present investigation was carried out to observe whether cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) plays important roles in ANDRO-induced apoptosis. ANDRO initially increased intracellular GSH levels which then decreased later, while inhibition...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - August 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ji L, Shen K, Liu J, Chen Y, Liu T, Wang Z Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the effects of protamine sulphate in the isolated rat uterus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Protamine sulphate causes potassium ion channel-mediated relaxation of spontaneous and calcium ion-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterus. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) potentiated the effect of protamine sulphate. A mechanism for DDC's action was postulated on the basis of its interactions with divalent iron ions and Cu,Zn-SOD. DDC chelates divalent iron ions creating DDC-iron (Fe-DDC) complexes. Fe-DDC forms stable NO-Fe-DDC(2) complexes by NO scavenging and de-nitrosylation processes, which in combination with DDC (5 mM) provoke inhibition of Cu,Zn-SOD resulting in specific oxidative conditions culminating i...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Orescanin-Dusić Z, Milovanović S, Blagojević D, Nikolić-Kokić A, Radojicić R, Spasojević I, Spasić M Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Atherothrombosis and oxidative stress: the connection and correlation in diabetes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides not only evidence of a correlation between oxidative stress level and fibrinolysis in diabetes, but also an explanation of why previous studies have found both hypo- or hyperfibrinolysis associated with diabetes. PMID: 19389272 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nwose EU, Jelinek HF, Richards RS, Tinley P, Kerr PG Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Effects of pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile on vitamin E status and protein levels of antioxidant enzymes in male rats fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), an inducer of the cytochrome P450 3A gene in rats, on vitamin E status and antioxidant enzyme protein levels in rats fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed for 3 weeks with a basal diet containing 50 ppm of alpha-tocopherol or the same diet containing 10 times more alpha-tocopherol. In the final 3 days, each group was divided into two subgroups which were given a single daily intraperitoneal injection of PCN at 75 mg/kg (groups PCN and PCN+VE) or DMSO (groups DS and DS+...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shaw HM, Chen WH Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Enzyme antioxidant defences and oxidative damage in red blood cells of variegate porphyria patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the determination of PPOX could be a useful method to detect variegate porphyria. Despite having higher antioxidant defences, erythrocytes of porphyric women have greater oxidative damage and higher corpuscular volume, which are both indices of a situation of higher oxidative stress. PMID: 19389274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ferrer MD, Tauler P, Sureda A, Romaguera D, Llompart I, Palacin C, Orfila J, Tur JA, Pons A Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Protective effect of thioredoxin perfusion but not inhalation in warm ischemic-reperfused rat lungs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: A 350-microg/ml perfusion, but not inhalation, of rhTRX protected rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. rhTRX was effective in dimeric form without transit to the lung tissue. rhTRX may be effective by some mechanism other than radical scavenging. PMID: 19389275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang J, Chen F, Nakamura T, Fujinaga T, Aoyama A, Hamakawa H, Sakai H, Hoshino Y, Yodoi J, Wada H, Bando T, Nakamura H Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Hydroxyl radical oxidation of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP): requirement for a GTP-Cu(II) complex.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Levels of oxidized guanosine base in DNA have become a hallmark biomarker in assessing oxidative stress implicated in a variety of disease and toxin-induced states. However, there is evidence that the guanosine in the nucleotide triphosphate pool (GTP) is more susceptible to oxidation than guanosine residues incorporated into nucleic acids and this causes a substantial amount of the oxidized product, 8-oxoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (oxo(8)GTP), to accumulate in cell-free and in cell-culture preparations. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and direct EPR analysis of free radical production by copper sulfa...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cerchiaro G, Bolin C, Cardozo-Pelaez F Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Heme oxygenase and iron: from bacteria to humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Iron and iron-containing prosthetic groups are involved in many fundamental processes that constitute life. One of the biologically most important iron-containing groups is heme, in which an iron atom is co-ordinated to a protoporphyrin ring. Heme proteins have a wide range of functions, participating in a vast repertoire of biochemical reactions. Due to its abundance, heme also serves as an important source of iron. Enzymatic degradation of heme usually involves its oxidative cleavage by heme oxygenase. Not surprisingly, heme oxygenase activity is present in organisms across different domains and kingdoms. This review...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li C, Stocker R Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Hydroxyl radical is produced via the Fenton reaction in submitochondrial particles under oxidative stress: implications for diseases associated with iron accumulation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in diseases involving oxidative stress and elevated iron. As mitochondria produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, ROS by-products are generated from the electron transport chain. Although superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been thoroughly investigated, little evidence documents hydroxyl radical (HO(*)) production in mitochondria. In order to determine whether HO(*) is generated under oxidative stress conditions by a Fenton-type mechanism, bovine heart submitochondrial particles were examined for HO(*) in the presence and absence of ir...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Thomas C, Mackey MM, Diaz AA, Cox DP Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Oxidative changes in the rat brain by intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, iron reached the brain parenchyma after i.p. injection of Fe-NTA, and Fe-NTA caused oxidative reactions and suppression of mAChRs in the brain. PMID: 19490752 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nakatsuka I, Maeda S, Andoh T, Hayashi Y, Mizuno R, Higuchi H, Miyawaki T Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Role of N-acetylcysteine and cystine in glutathione synthesis in human erythrocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutathione is an intracellular antioxidant that often becomes depleted in pathologies with high oxidative loads. We investigated the provision of cysteine for glutathione synthesis to the human erythrocyte (red blood cell; RBC). Almost all plasma cysteine exists as cystine, its oxidized form. In vitro, extracellular cystine at 1.0 mM sustained glutathione synthesis in glutathione-depleted RBCs, at a rate of 0.206 +/- 0.036 micromol (L RBC)(-1)min(-1) only 20% of the maximum rate obtained with cysteine or N-acetylcysteine. In plasma-free solutions, N-acetylcysteine provides cysteine by intracellular deacetylation but t...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Whillier S, Raftos JE, Chapman B, Kuchel PW Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in human plasma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
While several tools are already available for the separate measurement of the oxidant and antioxidant pools, a single, quick and easy method for determining total oxidative stress would be advantageous. In the present study, we compare the plasma of untreated patients with leukemia/solid gynecological tumors (n = 50) and current regular smokers (n = 50) with a smoking history of >or=10 cigarettes per day to the plasma of healthy blood donors. Standard tools were used to measure total oxidant status, ceruloplasmin activity, total antioxidant capacity, uric acid content and oxidative stress index. Oxidative stress was...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Buico A, Cassino C, Ravera M, Betta PG, Osella D Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

24-Hour variation in gene expression of redox pathway enzymes in rat hypothalamus: effect of melatonin treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 24-h changes in medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) gene expression of redox pathway enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-1 and NOS-2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and HO-2, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase were examined in adult male Wistar rats kept under an alternating regimen of light/dark. Half of the animals received melatonin (approximately 60 microg/day) in the drinking water. After 1 month, rats were killed at six different time intervals, throughout a 24-h cycle. MBH mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR analysis. In controls, gene expression of NOS-2 and HO-2 peaked at the early light phas...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - June 28, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jiménez-Ortega V, Cano P, Cardinali DP, Esquifino AI Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Does vitamin C deficiency result in impaired brain development in infants?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Scurvy, the rare but potentially mortal manifestation of severe and prolonged lack of vitamin C, is often confused with hypovitaminosis C, i.e. the mere definition of vitamin C deficiency. While the latter condition can be diagnosed in millions, the clinical consequences (if they exist) remain largely unknown, since only a tiny fraction of those deficient in vitamin C actually develop clinical scurvy. Is hypovitaminosis C itself a problem at all then? Yes, it may well be in some cases. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that the neonatal brain is particularly susceptible to vitamin C deficiency and that this condi...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Effect of Piper betle on plasma antioxidant status and lipid profile against D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Betle leaf chewing is an old traditional practice in India and other countries of East Asia. We have investigated the antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic potential of an alcoholic leaf-extract of Piper betle against D-galactosamine (D-GalN; 400 mg/kg body weight, i.p. single dose) intoxication in male albino Wistar rats. Rats were treated with leaf-extract (200 mg/kg body weight) by intragastric intubations daily for 20 days. The animals were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each as control, control plus extract, D-GalN control, D-GalN-rats on treatment with extract or silymarin, a standard drug. We obs...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pushpavalli G, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

N-Acetyl cysteine restores viability and function of rat odontoblast-like cells impaired by polymethylmethacrylate dental resin extract.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study determined whether self-curing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dental resin extract adversely affected the viability and function of odontoblast-like cells and whether the cytotoxicity of this resin, if any, could be eliminated by N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant amino acid derivative. Odontoblast-like cells isolated from rat maxillary incisor dental pulp tissue were exposed to a PMMA resin extract with or without N-acetyl cysteine for 1 h and then cultured in osteoblastic media. The percentage of viable cells 24 h after seeding was 20% in cells exposed to the resin extract without N-acetyl cysteine, where...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yamada M, Kojima N, Att W, Hori N, Suzuki T, Ogawa T Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

A machine-learning approach to the prediction of oxidative stress in chronic inflammatory disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress is implicated in the development of a wide range of chronic human diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. As oxidative stress results from a complex cascade of biochemical reactions, its quantitative prediction remains incomplete. Here, we describe a machine-learning approach to the prediction of levels of oxidative stress in human subjects. From a database of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood, plasma and urine, non-linear models have been designed, with a statistical methodology that includes variable selection, model training a...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: de la Villehuchet AM, Brack M, Dreyfus G, Oussar Y, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Chapman MJ, Kontush A Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase during adipose differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, the expression of EC-SOD was compared to other adipocytokines in mice 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. EC-SOD expression levels were increased after the induction of differentiation and then declined, which was similar to adiponectin and transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-alpha). On the other hand, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), increased markedly in the development stage of cells. It was obs...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Adachi T, Toishi T, Wu H, Kamiya T, Hara H Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Bombax ceiba.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The antioxidant activity of a methanolic extract of Bombax ceiba was evaluated using several antioxidant assays, in terms of its: (i) ability to scavenge DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and hydroxyl free radicals; (ii) action against lipid peroxidation (in rat liver microsomes and soy bean phosphatidylcholine liposomes), induced by ascorbyl radicals and peroxynitrite; and (iii) effect on myeloperoxidase activity. The cytotoxicity was monitored through the mitochondrial activity in the Vero cell line. The extract showed antioxidant activity in all assays, the EC(50) (mug/ml) for DPPH was 87 and for lipid peroxidat...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - January 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Vieira TO, Said A, Aboutabl E, Azzam M, Creczynski-Pasa TB Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Involvement of glutathione transferases, Gtt1and Gtt2, with oxidative stress response generated by H2O2 during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutathione transferases are detoxifying enzymes responsible for eliminating toxic compounds generated under a variety of stress conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae control cells and glutathione transferase mutant strains (gtt1 and gtt2) were used to analyze tolerance, lipid and protein oxidation as oxidative stress markers during growth in the presence of H2O2. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione reductase were assayed to monitor the capacity of cells to recycle glutathione. Although a reduction in growth was observed, deletion of GTT1 showed less inhibition by H2O2 than the control strain. Cells...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 27, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mariani D, Mathias CJ, da Silva CG, Herdeiro Rda S, Pereira R, Panek AD, Eleutherio EC, Pereira MD Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Variations in C-reactive protein, plasma free radicals and fibrinogen values in patients with osteoarthritis treated with Pycnogenol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we further investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Pycnogenol in a subset of the osteoarthritis patients presenting with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma-free radicals. Elevated CRP levels have been suggested to be associated with disease progression in osteoarthritis. In our study, 29 subjects of the Pycnogenol group and 26 patients in the placebo group showed CRP levels higher than 3 mg/l at baseline. Comparison of blood specimens drawn at baseline and after 3-month treatment showed that Pycnogenol significantly decreased plasma free radicals to 70.1% of baseline values. ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 27, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Apocynin: a potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor for the management of atrial fibrillation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress in atrial tissue may be causally related to atrial fibrillation as suggested by clinical and animal studies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a key role in fibrosis and the induction of after-depolarization and triggered activity. Therefore, suppressing oxidative stress may have a potential beneficial role in the management of atrial fibrillation. Since increased NADPH oxidase activity is shown to play a key role in generation of ROS in atrial tissue and in atrial fibrillation, our proposed strategy to target upstream inhibition of ROS production by inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity m...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sovari AA, Morita N, Karagueuzian HS Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Involvement of glutathione transferases, Gtt1and Gtt2, with oxidative stress response generated by H(2)O(2) during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glutathione transferases are detoxifying enzymes responsible for eliminating toxic compounds generated under a variety of stress conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae control cells and glutathione transferase mutant strains (gtt1 and gtt2) were used to analyze tolerance, lipid and protein oxidation as oxidative stress markers during growth in the presence of H(2)O(2). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione reductase were assayed to monitor the capacity of cells to recycle glutathione. Although a reduction in growth was observed, deletion of GTT1 showed less inhibition by H(2)O(2) than the control strai...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mariani D, Mathias CJ, da Silva CG, Herdeiro RD, Pereira R, Panek AD, Eleutherio EC, Pereira MD Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Signal transduction pathways and haem oxygenase induction in soybean leaves subjected to salt stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have previously demonstrated that the induction of haem oxygenase-1 (EC 1.14.99.3) plays a protective role for soybean plants against cadmium and UV-B stress. Here, we have investigated the possible signal transduction pathways involved in haem oxygenase-1 induction in leaves of soybean plants subjected to salt stress. Treatment with 100 mM NaCl during 48 h increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by 30%, whereas GSH decreased by 50%, with respect to controls. These effects were prevented by pre-incubation with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), [1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Balestrasse KB, Zilli CG, Tomaro ML Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Daxx inhibits stress-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of the death-associated protein Daxx in modulation of apoptosis induced in cardiac myocytes by oxidative stress was studied. Exposure of cultured cardiomyocyte-like cells to oxidative stress or simulated hypoxia increased the level of accumulated ROS and apoptosis. Under conditions of sub-apoptotic stimulation of cardiac myocytes, there was no increase in the level of the Daxx protein, but it translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Daxx overexpression protected the cells from apoptosis, while they were sensitised to cell death following its down-regulation by siRNA. Moreover, lowering the level of the ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zobalova R, Swettenham E, Chladova J, Dong LF, Neuzil J Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Variations in C-reactive protein, plasma free radicals and fibrinogen values in patients with osteoarthritis treated with Pycnogenol((R)).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we further investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Pycnogenol((R)) in a subset of the osteoarthritis patients presenting with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma-free radicals. Elevated CRP levels have been suggested to be associated with disease progression in osteoarthritis. In our study, 29 subjects of the Pycnogenol((R)) group and 26 patients in the placebo group showed CRP levels higher than 3 mg/l at baseline. Comparison of blood specimens drawn at baseline and after 3-month treatment showed that Pycnogenol((R)) significantly decreased plasma free radicals to 70.1% of ba...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Errichi S, Zulli C, Errichi BM, Vinciguerra G, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Cipollone G, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M, Rohdewald P Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Glutathione synthesis by red blood cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Glycoxidation may damage the enzymes that synthesise glutathione (GSH), an endogenous intracellular antioxidant. Erythrocytes (RBCs) taken from NIDDM subjects, and non-diabetic controls, were GSH-depleted using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, incubated in a solution containing GSH-rebuilding substrates, and sampled for GSH using a 5,5'-gamma-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)/enzymatic recycling procedure. NIDDM subjects, on average, had the same GSH concentration and synthesising ability as non-diabetic controls, indica...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Whillier S, Raftos JE, Kuchel PW Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Catalase modifies yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae response towards S-nitrosoglutathione-induced stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were treated with 1-20 mM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, which decreased yeast survival in a concentration-dependent manner. In the wild-type strain (YPH250), 20 mM GSNO reduced survival by 32%. The strain defective in peroxisomal catalase behaved like the wild-type strain, while a mutant defective in cytosolic catalase showed 10% lower survival. Surprisingly, survival of the double catalase mutant was significantly higher than that of the other strains used. Incubation of yeast with GSNO increased the activities of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - November 21, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lushchak OV, Lushchak VI Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Assessment of paraoxonase activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were decreased significantly in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Lower serum paraoxonase-1 activity and lower level of HDL-C seem to be related to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in these patients. It is known that paraoxonases reduce oxidative stress in serum and tissues thereby protecting against cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis. Thus, decreased paraoxonase and arylesterase activities play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in patients with osteoarthritis. ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Soran N, Altindag O, Cakir H, Celik H, Demirkol A, Aksoy N Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Antioxidant activity of some polyphenol constituents of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus Linn.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Phyllanthus amarus Linn is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant highly valued for its therapeutic properties. The antioxidant activity of some of its principal constituents, namely amariin, 1-galloyl-2,3-dehydrohexahydroxydiphenyl (DHHDP)-glucose, repandusinic acid, geraniin, corilagin, phyllanthusiin D, rutin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside were examined for their ability to scavenge free radicals in a range of systems including 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)/ferrylmyoglobin, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and pulse radiolysis. In addition, ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Londhe JS, Devasagayam TP, Foo LY, Ghaskadbi SS Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

The influence of pH on the inhibition of DNA cleavages induced by pyrogallol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Induction of DNA damage by pyrogallol has been shown at physiological pH, but mutagenesis data also suggest there is inhibition in acidic media. In the present work, the plasmid pBSK was incubated with pyrogallol, under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees C, at pH 7.4, 4.5 or 3.5, for 1, 3 or 5 h, in the absence or presence of Cu(2+). Cleavage of the supercoiled DNA form was analyzed through topology modifications by agarose gel electrophoresis and quantified by densitometry. Independently of the presence of Cu(2+) , DNA cleavage at pH 7.4 was significantly (P < 0.001) induced and occurred extensively after 1-h incubat...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mazzei JL, de Souza Lapa J, Felzenszwalb I Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Acute exercise increases expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle and the aorta.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Exercise dramatically increases oxygen consumption and causes oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is important in the first-line defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. To investigate the effect of acute exercise on the expression of SOD, we examined the expression of mRNA for three SOD isozymes, in mice run on a treadmill to exhaustion. Six hours after exercise, the expression of extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) mRNA increased significantly in skeletal muscle and persisted for 24 h, whereas no change was observed for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial SOD mRNA. Moreover, acute exercise also induced EC-SOD mRNA in t...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hitomi Y, Watanabe S, Kizaki T, Sakurai T, Takemasa T, Haga S, Ookawara T, Suzuki K, Ohno H Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Effect of quercetin on nicotine-induced biochemical changes and DNA damage in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We elucidated the protective effect of quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidant status and DNA damage during nicotine-induced toxicity in cultured rat peripheral blood lymphocytes as compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant. Lymphocytes were exposed to nicotine (3 mM) with and without quercetin and NAC (1 mM) in RPMI-1640 medium for 1 h. In preliminary experiments to fix the effective dose of quercetin, different doses of quercetin (25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 muM) were administered to lymphocytes with nicotine, and lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric aci...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Muthukumaran S, Sudheer AR, Nalini N, Menon VP Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Use of liposomes as membrane models to evaluate the contribution of drug-membrane interactions to antioxidant properties of etodolac.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work stresses the need to combine antioxidant assays and drug-membrane interaction studies to describe more accurately the antioxidant profile of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Different experiments performed in liposomes and aqueous solution were compared and used to evaluate the protective effect of etodolac in lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation was induced by the peroxyl radical (ROO*) derived from 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and hydroxyl radical (HO*) generated by the Fenton reaction and was assessed by the fluorescence intensity decay of three fluorescence probes ...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lúcio M, Ferreira H, Lima JL, Reis S Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Changes of markers of oxidative stress during menstrual cycle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The levels of urinary hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances have been compared during the menstrual cycle of 12 regularly menstruating women. Higher level of both indices of oxidative stress (normalized with respect to creatinine content) were found in the luteal phase of the cycle. These results give further evidence for the usefulness of urinary hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress and for the antioxidant action of estrogens. PMID: 18796243 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - September 18, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Karowicz-Bilinska A, Plodzidym M, Krol J, Lewinska A, Bartosz G Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Sodium nitroprusside induces mild oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nitric oxide is known to be a messenger in animals and plants. It may act either as a pro-oxidant or antioxidant. In the present work, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was treated under aerobic conditions with the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mM. The activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as concentrations of protein carbonyls and cellular thiols were measured. Yeast incubation with SNP increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation, blocked SNP-induced catalase activation, but not SOD activation. Incubat...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - July 25, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lushchak OV, Lushchak VI Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Singlet oxygen scavenging activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has long been known that singlet oxygen ((1)O2) is generated during inflammatory processes. Once formed in substantial amounts, (1)O2 may have an important role in mediating the destruction of infectious agents during host defense. On the other hand, (1)O2 is capable of damaging almost all biological molecules and is particularly genotoxic, which gives a special relevance to the scavenging of this ROS throughout anti-inflammatory treatments. Considering that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitutes a first approach in the treatment of persistent inflammatory processes (due to their abili...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - July 25, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Costa D, Gomes A, Lima JL, Fernandes E Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Application of a YHB1-GFP reporter to detect nitrosative stress in yeast.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have used a YHB1-GFP reporter expressing a full-length chromosome-tagged Yhb1-GFP fusion protein to monitor changes in flavohemoglobin levels after cell treatment with oxidants, antioxidants and nitric oxide donors. Only nitric oxide donors were found to induce a dose-dependent increase in Yhb1-GFP expression while hydrogen peroxide, menadione and diamide caused a moderate diminution of YHB1-GFP fluorescence. Additionally, the levels of endogenous and hydroperoxide-induced ROS production in the Deltayhb1 mutant were comparable to those in the isogenic wild-type strain. Although peroxides increased NO(*) g...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - July 25, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lewinska A, Grzelak A, Bartosz G Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

The various impacts of the hepatitis C virus core protein upon hepatic oxidative stress after common bile duct ligation and partial hepatectomy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The HCV core increases hepatic oxidative stress in vivo and female DTM are more vulnerable to the oxidative stress caused by acute core expression with, or without, CBDL. The fact that the female DTM had lower thioredoxin-1 levels may account for this observation. PMID: 18647487 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - July 25, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chang MY, Chen JC, Yeh CT, Chiu CT, Lin DY, Chang ML Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals

Superoxide radical formation in diverse organs of rats with experimentally induced obstructive jaundice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress seems to be a cardinal feature of cholestasis, implicated in the pathophysiology of organ injury not only in the liver, but also in several extrahepatic tissues. The present study was designed to assess directly oxidative stress in vital organs of experimentally jaundiced rats by measuring the key oxidative stress marker superoxide radical (O2(*-)). Twelve male Wistar rats underwent laparotomy and were divided into two groups - group I (n = 6) sham operated, and group II (n = 6) bile-duct ligated. Ten days later, the O2(*-) formation rate was quantified in liver, intestine, kidney and heart of all anim...
Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research - July 25, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Assimakopoulos SF, Mavrakis AG, Grintzalis K, Papapostolou I, Zervoudakis G, Konstantinou D, Chroni E, Vagianos CE, Georgiou C Tags: Redox Rep Source Type: journals