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Dynamic Simulations as a Complement to Experimental Studies of Enzyme Mechanisms
Publication date: 2012 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 87 Author(s): Andrew Christofferson , Lifeng Zhao , Qiang Pei Dynamic simulations are a useful means of studying certain aspects of enzyme reaction mechanisms that cannot be understood easily through current experimental methods. With increases in computing power and innovations with computer hardware, more and more accurate techniques for modeling biological systems at the atomic level are under development. Here, we discuss two enzyme systems that illustrate the utility of dynamic simulations in conjunction with experimental stud...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cigarette smoke particulate matter with reduced toxicant yields.
Abstract Tobacco smoke contains more than 5600 constituents, of which approximately 150 are toxicants. This paper describes the activities in the Neutral Red uptake (NRU) assay, the Salmonella mutagenicity test (SAL), the mouse lymphoma mammalian cell mutation assay (MLA) and the in vitro micronucleus test (IVMNT) of Particulate Matter (PM) obtained from experimental cigarettes (ECs), designed to produce reduced levels of toxicants. The designs included tobacco substitute sheet (TSS) containing glycerol, which dilutes toxicants in smoke, or the incorporation of blend-treated (BT) tobacco to reduce the levels of nit...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - May 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Combes R, Scott K, Crooks I, Dillon D, Meredith C, McAdam K, Proctor C Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Effects of spring season solar drying process on sanitation indicators in sewage sludge and potential as a method for fertilizer production.
Abstract The agricultural use of sewage sludge is possible on condition of maintaining microbiological and parasitological standards, and one of the most modern methods improving its sanitary state is solar drying. In the presented study, the effect of this process on the elimination of indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Senftenberg W775, Enterococcus spp.) and eggs of Ascaris suum introduced into the biomass of sludge was examined. The experiment was carried out in the spring period with a maximal temperature of 18 °C inside the drying plant. Bacteria and parasite eggs were introduced into spe...
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - May 22, 2013 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sypuła M, Paluszak Z, Ligocka A, Skowron K Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Retrospective Analysis of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus in Animal Feed Ingredients
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)
Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease - May 21, 2013 Category: Food Science Tags: article Source Type: research

Salmonella serotypes in wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in northern Italy
Conclusions: Considering the widespread occurrence of wild boars in Europe, the epidemiological role of this species in relation to salmonellosis might be relevant and should be further investigated. Wild boars may act as healthy carriers of a wide range of Salmonella serotypes. (Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica)
Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica - May 21, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mario ChiariMariagrazia ZanoniSilvia TagliabueAntonio LavazzaLoris Alborali Source Type: research

Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mentha pulegium Leaves Extracts against Foodborne Pathogens
This study focused on the evaluation of biological activities of M. pulegium EO because of its application in food industries as a reasonably safe agent.Thus, this species might be a good candidate for further investigation in developing new antioxidants, as well as preservatives in food against the well‐known causal agents of foodborne diseases and food spoilage, particularly E. coli, S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. (Source: Journal of Food Safety)
Source: Journal of Food Safety - May 21, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Hanene Ghazghazi, Aouadhi Chedia, Moufida Weslati, Faten Trakhna, Sebei Houssine, Maaroufi Abderrazak, Hasnaoui Brahim Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Eco-Cuisine Recalls Product Because of Possible Health Risk
Eco-Cuisine of Boulder, Colorado is recalling all lots of T3314 Basic Brownie Mix, T3333 Betty Brownie Mix with Vanilla, T3388 Ground Beef Style Quick Mix, T3394 Sausage Style Quick Mix, T3416 Chocolate Cookie Mix, T3417 Lemon Muffin Mix, and T3418 English Scone Mix, CM25COOK Basic Cookie Mix 25 lb. bag, CM25MUFF Basic Muffin Mix 25 lb. bag, CM25SCON Basic Scone Mix 25 lb. Bag, because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)
Source: Food and Drug Administration - May 20, 2013 Category: Food Science Source Type: news

Fine mechanisms of the interaction of silver nanoparticles with the cells of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.
Abstract Silver nanoparticles possess antibacterial effect for various bacteria; however mechanisms of the interaction between Ag-NPs and bacterial cells remain unclear. The aim of our study was to obtain direct evidence of Ag-NPs penetration into cells of Gram-negative bacterium S. typhimurium and Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and to study cell responses to Ag-NPs. The Ag-NPs (most 8-10 nm) were obtained by gas-jet method. S. typhimurium (7.81 × 10(7) CFU), or S. aureus (8.96 × 10(7) CFU) were treated by Ag-NPs (0.05 mg/l of silver) in orbital shaker at 190 rpm, 37 °C. Bacteria were sampled at 0.5,...
Source: Biometals - May 18, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Grigor'eva A, Saranina I, Tikunova N, Safonov A, Timoshenko N, Rebrov A, Ryabchikova E Tags: Biometals Source Type: research

The Use of Factorial Design, Image Analysis, and an Efficiency Calculation for Multiplex PCR Optimization
ConclusionWe propose the application of factorial design and image analysis to determine the most suitable conditions for multiplex PCR optimization. (Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis)
Source: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis - May 17, 2013 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: José Luis Villarreal Camacho, Evelyn Mendoza Torres, Christian Cadena, Julieth Prieto, Lourdes Luz Varela Prieto, Daniel Antonio Villanueva Torregroza Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Functional analysis of bovine Nramp1 and production of transgenic cloned embryos in vitro.
In this study, Nramp1 cDNA was cloned from Qinchuan cattle and its anti-bacterial activity was demonstrated as being able to significantly inhibit the growth of Salmonella abortusovis and Brucella abortus in macrophages. Calf fibroblasts stably transfected with pSP-NRAMP1-HA vector were used to reconstruct bovine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Reconstructed embryos were maturated in vitro and the blastocyst formation rate (14.0%) was similar to that of control embryos (14.5%). Transgenic blastocysts were transplanted into 43 recipient cattle, of which 14 recipients became pregnant as evidenced by non-retu...
Source: Zygote - May 17, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Cheng X, Yu X, Liu Y, Deng J, Ma X, Wang H Tags: Zygote Source Type: research

Antimicrobials for non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection—does it work?
Abstract Eco‐paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued. (Source: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal)
Source: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal - May 16, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Joan Robinson Tags: Eco‐Paediatrics Source Type: research

Enhancement of chicken macrophage cytokine response to Salmonella Typhimurium when combined with bacteriophage P22
(Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)
Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters - May 15, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Si H. Park, Debabrata Biswas, Jody Lingbeck, Ok K. Koo, Steven C. Ricke Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Reducing Salmonella Horizontal Transmission During Egg Incubation by Phage Therapy
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)
Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease - May 14, 2013 Category: Food Science Tags: article Source Type: research

Unique Class 1 Integron and Multiple Resistance Genes Co-located on IncHI2 Plasmid Is Associated with the Emerging Multidrug Resistance of Salmonella Indiana Isolated from Chicken in China
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)
Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease - May 14, 2013 Category: Food Science Tags: article Source Type: research

pMdT1, a small ColE1-like plasmid mobilizing a new variant of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Conclusions The pMdT1 is the smallest mobilizable ColE1-like plasmid containing an aac(6')-Ib-cr gene that has been described so far. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - May 14, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: de Toro, M., Rodriguez, I., Rojo-Bezares, B., Helmuth, R., Torres, C., Guerra, B., Saenz, Y. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Genetic Toxicity of High-Boiling Petroleum Substances.
Abstract There are several specific types of high-boiling petroleum substances (HBPS) having final boiling points > 343 °C), in which genetic toxicity can be related to the content of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), specifically crude oils, gas oils, heavy fuel oils, lubricant base oils, waxes and aromatic extracts. Evaluation of Optimized Salmonella tests covering over 250 samples from 43 types of HBPS revealed that gene mutation can be determined for these substances using a protocol optimized for the detection of mutagenic PAC. The outcomes of modified Salmonella assays can be predicted using HBPS comp...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - May 14, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: McKee RH, Schreiner CA, Nicolich MJ, Gray TM Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

The expression of adhesin EF‐Tu in response to mucin and its role in Lactobacillus adhesion and competitive inhibition of enteropathogens to mucin
ConclusionsThe study shows the significant role of EF‐Tu in lactobacilli adhesion and enteropathogens inhibition. Significance and Impact of the StudyThe study suggests EF‐Tu as an important factor linked to the Lactobacillus adhesion as well as enteropathogen inhibition. Lact. plantarum CS23 and Lact. plantarum CS24.2 can be used as potential probiotic strains.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - May 11, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Akhilesh S. Dhanani, Tamishraha Bagchi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Krinos Foods, LLC. is Expanding its April 28, 2013 Recall to Include Additional Expiration Dates Jan 01-2014 to Jun 01-2014 of Tahini Products Because of Possible Health Risk
Krinos Foods, LLC. of Long Island City, New York is voluntarily recalling its TAHINI sesame paste, because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In rare circumstances, infection with Salmonella can result in the organism getting into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as arterial infections (i.e., infe...
Source: Food and Drug Administration - May 10, 2013 Category: Food Science Source Type: news

Incidence, distribution, seasonality, and demographic risk factors of Salmonella Enteritidis human infections in Ontario, Canada, 2007--2009
Conclusions: The study findings suggest that there was an increase in the incidence of S. Enteritidis infections in Ontario from 2007 to 2008--2009, and indicate seasonal, demographic, and regional differences, which warrant further public health attention. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - May 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Csaba VargaDavid PearlScott McEwenJan SargeantFrank PollariMichele Guerin Source Type: research

H-NS Interaction with Hha [DNA and Chromosomes]
The bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins Hha and H-NS jointly repress horizontally acquired genes in Salmonella, including essential virulence loci encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity islands. Hha is known to interact with the N-terminal dimerization domain of H-NS; however, the manner in which this interaction enhances transcriptional silencing is not understood. To further understand this process, we solved the x-ray crystal structure of Hha in complex with the N-terminal dimerization domain of H-NS (H-NS(1–46)) to 3.2 Å resolution. Two monomers of Hha bind to symmetrical sites on either side of the H-NS(1–46)...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 10, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ali, S. S., Whitney, J. C., Stevenson, J., Robinson, H., Howell, P. L., Navarre, W. W. Tags: Microbiology Source Type: research

Expression Divergence between Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Reflects Their Lifestyles
In this study, we focus on the differences in expression domains for the orthologous genes in E. coli and S. Typhimurium. The iterative comparison of coexpression methodology was used on large expression compendia of both species to uncover the conservation and divergence of gene expression. We found that gene expression conservation occurs mostly independently from amino acid similarity. According to our estimates, at least more than one quarter of the orthologous genes has a different expression domain in E. coli than in S. Typhimurium. Genes involved with key cellular processes are most likely to have conserved their ex...
Source: Molecular Biology and Evolution - May 9, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Meysman, P., Sanchez-Rodriguez, A., Fu, Q., Marchal, K., Engelen, K. Tags: Discoveries Source Type: research

Microbial Variome Database: Point Mutations, Adaptive or Not, in Bacterial Core Genomes
Analysis of genetic differences (gene presence/absence and nucleotide polymorphisms) among strains of a bacterial species is crucial to understanding molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and selecting targets for novel antibacterial therapeutics. However, lack of genome-wide association studies on large and epidemiologically well-defined strain collections from the same species makes it difficult to identify the genes under positive selection and define adaptive polymorphisms in those genes. To address this need and to overcome existing limitations, we propose to create a "microbial variome"—a species-speci...
Source: Molecular Biology and Evolution - May 9, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Chattopadhyay, S., Taub, F., Paul, S., Weissman, S. J., Sokurenko, E. V. Tags: Resources Source Type: research

Bacteremia and resistant gram-negative pathogens among under-fives in Tanzania
Conclusion: Multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria are the commonest cause of bacteremia in under-fives attending the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. A high body temperature, a positive malaria slide and a high absolute neutrophils' count were all independent risk factors found to predict bacteremia. A higher mortality rate was observed in children with bacteraemia. Continuous epidemiological surveillance should be conducted so that a proper and effective antibiotics management can be instituted, especially in children with a high grade fever, a positive malaria slide and a high neutrophils' count. (Source: Itali...
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - May 8, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Alexandra ChristopherStephen MshanaBenson KidenyaAldofineh HokororoDomenica Morona Source Type: research

Foreign Food Inspections Decline as Illnesses Rise
The Food and Drug Administration is struggling to find the money to inspect foreign foods under a law that Congress did not support with funds. (Source: NYT Health)
Source: NYT Health - May 7, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: By RON NIXON Tags: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beef Niagara Falls (NY) Agriculture Department Salmonella (Bacteria) DeLauro, Rosa Acheson, David Taylor, Michael R Nestle, Marion Poultry Food Contamination and Poisoning Source Type: news

How to eat your host: Pathways for nutrition in Salmonella
From the point of view of an intracellular bacteria, the human body really is no more than just a habitat in which they must grow and thrive. While this particular habitat might have stable internal conditions, and less competition than the big open world, it has its disadvantages in continuous attacks from the immune system, and the lack of usable nutrients. In the soil, nutrients can be found and exploited, but within a living organism they are being used and locked away by the host cells.In order to eat, therefore, the internal bacteria must find ways of stealing and sequestering nutrients from the infected cells. A rec...
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - May 6, 2013 Category: Science Tags: More Science Source Type: research

Review of Canadian Literature to Estimate Risks Associated with Salmonella in Broilers from Retail to Consumption in Canadian Homes
(Source: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition)
Source: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition - May 6, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Smadi, HananSargeant, Jan M. Source Type: research

Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of ferroportin-1 controls macrophage iron homeostasis and immune function in Salmonella infection
In this study, we found that NO up-regulated the expression of ferroportin-1 (Fpn1), the major cellular iron exporter, in mouse and human cells. Nos2–/– macrophages displayed increased iron content due to reduced Fpn1 expression and allowed for an enhanced iron acquisition by the intracellular bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. Nos2 gene disruption or inhibition of NOS2 activity led to an accumulation of iron in the spleen and splenic macrophages. Lack of NO formation resulted in impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression, resulting in reduced Fpn1 transcription and diminished cellula...
Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine - May 6, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nairz, M., Schleicher, U., Schroll, A., Sonnweber, T., Theurl, I., Ludwiczek, S., Talasz, H., Brandacher, G., Moser, P. L., Muckenthaler, M. U., Fang, F. C., Bogdan, C., Weiss, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Sensitivity of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium to Low pH, High Organic Acids and Ensiling
ConclusionsE. coli, S. Typhimurium and M. paratuberculosis exhibit marked differences in response to acidity. All three organisms show acid resistance, but M. paratuberculosis in particular, if present in manure and applied to forage grasses may survive the low pH and high OA of the ensilaging process; silage may, therefore, be a potential route of infection if ingested by a susceptible animal. Significance and Impact of StudyThis information contributes to the understanding of potential risks associated with silage preservation and contamination of livestock feed with manure‐borne pathogens.This article is protected by ...
Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology - May 6, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: K.L. Cook, S. A. Flis, C. S. Ballard Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Oral immunization with an attenuated salmonella gallinarum mutant as a fowl typhoid vaccine with a live adjuvant strain secreting the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin
Conclusion: Our results suggest that immunization with the LTB-adjuvant strain JOL1229 can significantly increase the immune response, and provide efficient protection against FT with no side effects on body weight, egg production, or egg contamination. (Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - May 6, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Byung JeonRahul NandreJohn Lee Source Type: research

Conflicting roles for a cell surface modification in Salmonella
Summary Chemical modifications of components of the bacterial cell envelope can enhance resistance to antimicrobial agents. Why then are such modifications produced only under specific conditions? Here, we address this question by examining the role of regulated variations in O‐antigen length in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid that forms most of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in Gram‐negative bacteria. We determined that activation of the PmrA/PmrB two‐component system, which is the major regulator of LPS alterations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, impaired growth of Salmonella in bile...
Source: Molecular Microbiology - May 5, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: John F. May, Eduardo A. Groisman Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Nearly 90% Of U.S. Turkey Products Contaminated
An analysis of randomly selected turkey products revealed that almost 90 percent of samples contained some form of dangerous bacteria. As the first-ever laboratory analysis of ground turkey at retail stores across the country, the researchers found that almost half of raw ground meat and patties packages were infected with fecal bacteria. Some of the samples were positive for germs which can cause foodborne illness, such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. The researchers identified that turkeys fed antibiotics harbored more antibiotic-resistant bacteria than the other poultry... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 2, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses Source Type: news

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene and 1-chloro-3-buten-2-one, two alternative metabolites of 1,3-butadiene.
Abstract The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB), a known in vitro metabolite of the human carcinogen 1,3-butadiene, have not previously been investigated. Because CHB can be bioactivated by alcohol dehydrogenases to yield 1-chloro-3-buten-2-one (CBO), a bifunctional alkylating agent that caused globin-chain cross-links in erythrocytes, in the present study we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CHB and CBO in human normal hepatocyte L02 cells using the MTT assay, the relative cloning efficiency assay and the comet assay. We also investigated the mutag...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - May 2, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Liu XJ, Zeng FM, An J, Yu YX, Zhang XY, Elfarra AA Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Macrophage environment turns otherwise MccJ25-resistant Salmonella into sensitive
Conclusions: Our results suggest that acidic condition does not alter MccJ25 hydrophobicity but irreversibly modifies bacterial membrane permeability. This would allow an unspecific antibiotic uptake into the cell.From our data it is possible to infer that intracellular pathogenic strains, which are in vitro resistant to MccJ25, could become susceptible ones in vivo. Therefore, the MccJ25 action spectrum would be broader than what in vitro experiments indicate. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - May 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: María PomaresNatalia CorbalánConrado AdlerRicardo de CristóbalRicardo FaríasMónica DelgadoPaula Vincent Source Type: research

Constitutive expression of MMP9 in intestinal epithelium worsens murine acute colitis and is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokine Kc
In this study MMP9 transgenic mice (Tg-villin-MMP9) are generated specifically to overexpress MMP9 in intestinal epithelium to examine the role and underlying mechanism by which it modulates the pathogenesis of acute colitis. Dextran sodium sulfate (3% DSS)- and Salmonella typhimurium (S.T.)-induced colitis models were used to study gut inflammation in Tg-villin-MMP9 and wild-type littermates (WT). Colonic tissue was analyzed via Western blot, histology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, and quantitative PCR. Tg-villin-MMP9 mice expressed significantly increased MMP9 mRNA and protein expression at basal level. There was a signi...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - May 1, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Liu, H., Patel, N. R., Walter, L., Ingersoll, S., Sitaraman, S. V., Garg, P. Tags: INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY/MEDIATORS Source Type: research

Quantitative insights into actin rearrangements and bacterial target site selection from Salmonella Typhimurium infection of micropatterned cells
Abstract Reorganization of the host cell actin cytoskeleton is crucial during pathogen invasion. We established micropatterned cells as a standardized infection model for cell invasion to quantitatively study actin rearrangements triggered by Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm). Micropatterns of extracellular matrix proteins force cells to adopt a reproducible shape avoiding strong cell‐to‐cell variations, a major limitation in classical cell culture conditions. S. Tm induced F‐actin‐rich ruffles and invaded micropatterned cells similar to unconstrained cells. Yet, standardized conditions allowed fast and unbiased compa...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - May 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pascale Vonaesch, Steven Cardini, Mikael E. Sellin, Bruno Goud, Wolf‐Dietrich Hardt, Kristine Schauer Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

An Optimized EMA‐RAPD‐PCR for a Reliable Detection of Viable Salmonella spp. in Chicken Products
This study aimed to develop the reliable technique called ethidium bromide monoazide‐random amplified polymorphic DNA‐PCR (EMA‐RAPD‐PCR) for detection of only viable Salmonella cells due to PCR cannot distinguish DNA from viable and dead cells. In EMA‐RAPD‐PCR, EMA was used to intercalate the DNA obtained from 1.2 × 106 cells of viable and heat‐killed Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. The optimized conditions of EMA treatment for an effective prevention of DNA amplification from dead cells by RAPD‐PCR were as follows: the minimum amount of 3 μg/mL EMA; the suitable light exposure ti...
Source: Journal of Food Safety - May 1, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Soithong Saiyudthong, Sudsai Trevanich Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Krinos Foods, LLC. Voluntarily Recalls Tahini Jars Because of Possible Health Risk
Krinos Foods, LLC. of Long Island City, New York is voluntarily recalling its TAHINI sesame paste, because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In rare circumstances, infection with Salmonella can result in the organism getting into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as arterial infections (i.e., infe...
Source: Food and Drug Administration - April 30, 2013 Category: Food Science Source Type: news

Vaccines: Bacterial minicells could offer safer vaccines
This study engineered the T3SS of Salmonella enterica into non-replicating bacterial minicells, which result (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)
Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - April 30, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: HarrisonCharlotte Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a core fragment of FlgG, a bacterial flagellar rod protein
FlgG is a bacterial flagellar rod protein and constructs the distal rod connecting to the hook. FlgG of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a 260-amino-acid protein composed of a folded core region and N- and C-terminal regions that are unfolded in solution. A core fragment of FlgG (FlgG47–227) was expressed, purified and crystallized. Crystals of native and SeMet-labelled FlgG47–227 were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion technique with PEG MME 2000 as precipitant. The native crystal belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 47.78, b = 68.94, c = 110.57...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F - April 30, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Saijo-Hamano, Y.Matsunami, H.Namba, K.Imada, K. Tags: bacterial flagellum Salmonella enterica FlgG crystallization communications Source Type: research

Multistate Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Imported Cucumbers
At least 73 people in 18 states have fallen ill with Salmonella Saintpaul infection thought to be connected to imported cucumbers, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)
Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health - April 30, 2013 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Simultaneous detection of gastrointestinal pathogens with a multiplex Luminex‐based molecular assay in stool samples from diarrheic patients
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - April 29, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Catherine Mengelle, Jean Michel Mansuy, Marie Françoise Prere, Erick Grouteau, Isabelle Claudet, Nassim Kamar, Anne Huynh, Geneviève Plat, Mélinda Benard, Nicole Marty, Alexis Valentin, Antoine Berry, Jacques Izopet Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Latest Food Poisoning Outbreaks
There are several foodborne outbreaks and food recalls that parents should be aware of to keep their kids safe from food poisoning, including: at least 32 people who have gotten sick with a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC O121) in 18 states, including 9 who have required hospitalization, and which have been linked to recalled Farm Rich, Market Day, and Schwan's brand frozen food products. at least 73 people in 18 states, including 14 who have required hospitalization, who have gotten sick with the Salmonella Saintpaul bacteria because of exposure to imported cucumbers that were contaminated with the bacter...
Source: About.com Pediatrics - April 29, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: news

The art of blocking ARTs: Nanobodies as experimental and therapeutic tools to block mammalian and toxin ADP‐ribosyltransferases
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: FEBS Journal)
Source: FEBS Journal - April 29, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Stephan Menzel, Björn Rissiek, Friedrich Haag, Fernando Goldbaum, Friedrich Koch‐Nolte Tags: Minireview Source Type: research

Sensitivity to Organic Acids In Vitro and In Situ of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh Pork Sausages
Abstract The production of fresh pork sausages inoculated with different multi‐resistant bacterial strains, isolated from sausage commercially purchased from Brazil, was conducted to evaluate microbial inhibition by lactic acid. The isolates were identified through 16S rDNA region sequencing and the bacteria with antimicrobial multi‐resistance profiles were selected. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using lactic and acetic acids. Samples were contaminated by Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Paratyphi, Escherichia coli and high counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Antibio...
Source: Journal of Food Quality - April 29, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Amanda Rejane Alves Ávila, Simone Cristina Marques, Roberta Hilsdorf Piccolli, Rosane Freitas Schwan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

CDC: Salmonella outbreak linked to Mexican cucumbers
ATLANTA, April 27 (UPI) -- An outbreak of salmonella that has sickened at least 73 people in 18 states appears to be linked to cucumbers from Mexico, U.S. health officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)
Source: Health News - UPI.com - April 27, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes of Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica Serotypes Muenster, Florian, Omuna and Noya Strains Isolated from Clinically Diarrheic Humans in Egypt
Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Microbial Drug Resistance)
Source: Microbial Drug Resistance - April 26, 2013 Category: Microbiology Tags: article Source Type: research

Salmonella outbreak tied to cucumbers
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced Thursday that 73 cases of Salmonella Saintpaul have been reported across 18 states, believe to be linked to exposure to infected cucumbers. The cucumbers were supplied by Daniel Cardenas Izabal... (Source: WDSU.com - Health)
Source: WDSU.com - Health - April 26, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Salmonella poisoning connected to Mexican cucumbers
More than 70 people in 18 states have required hospitalization because of this recent 2013 outbreak (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)
Source: Health News: CBSNews.com - April 26, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Rhizobium Lipopolysaccharide Modification [Microbiology]
Until now, the gene responsible for the 3-O-deacylation of lipid A among nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts has not been characterized. Several Gram-negative animal pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bordetella bronchiseptica contain an outer membrane 3-O-deacylase (PagL) that has been implicated in host immune evasion. The role of 3-O-deacylated lipid A among nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts, plant endophytes, and plant pathogens has not been studied. However, D'Haeze et al. (D'Haeze, W., Leoff, C., Freshour, G., Noel, K. D., and Carlson, R. W. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 17101–17113) reported tha...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Brown, D. B., Muszynski, A., Salas, O., Speed, K., Carlson, R. W. Tags: Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices Source Type: research

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by‐products is inactivated with inorganic acid (pH 1) and base (pH 12)
Abstract The aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. Microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (HCl) or base (KOH) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) as a model organism for fish pathogens. Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. IPNV, which is considered to be among the most chemical‐ and heat‐resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by more than 3 log in 4 h at pH 1.0 and pH 12.0. Salmonella was rapidly inactivated by the same treatment, whereas spor...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - April 26, 2013 Category: Zoology Authors: M Myrmel, I Modahl, H Nygaard, K M Lie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research