Scandinavian Journal of ImmunologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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573 records returned

Professor emeritus Jacob B. Natvig, one of the founders of Scandinavian Journal of immunology, turns 75Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - November 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J. D. Capra, S. S. Frøland, M. Harboe, R. Jonsson, H.-G. Ljunggren, H. Wigzell Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: journals

Identification of Rv2041c, a novel immunogenic antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with serodiagnostic potentialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ERRATA Source Type: journals

The CCR 5 D32 Polymorphism Differentiates Cardioembolism from Other Aetiologies of Ischaemic Cerebrovascular DiseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ERRATA Source Type: journals

The Effect of Microenvironmental CD40 Signals on TRAIL- and Drug-induced Apoptosis in Follicular Lymphoma CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Follicular lymphoma (FL) cells are malignant counterparts of germinal centre (GC) B cells. Microenvironment of FL B cells has an important role in the progression of FL and might also have an impact on the treatment of FL. CD40 is an important mediator of microenvironmental survival signals in GCs. Here we studied responses of CD40 signalling on TRAIL-, dexamethasone- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in three human FL cell lines. In two of the FL cell lines, CD40 protected cells from apoptosis which was entirely dependent on the activation of NF-[kappa]B. In one of the FL cell lines, CD40 induced apoptosis itself. However...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - November 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: U. Nuutinen, A. Ropponen, J. Eeva, M. Eray, R. Pellinen, J. Wahlfors, J. Pelkonen Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Autoimmunity: limited progress for the patient, despite decades of researchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - October 29, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nicolas Delaleu, Ammon B. Peck Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: journals

RetractionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - October 27, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roland Jonsson Tags: Retraction Source Type: journals

Characterization of CD25-Positive T Cells During Syngeneic Pregnancy: Production of Stimulatory Class II MHC MoleculesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Various studies demonstrate that immunosuppression vis-à-vis paternal alloantigens may play a role for successful pregnancy. However, if this theory is true, the question that remains unanswered is how do syngeneic pregnancies manage to produce viable embryos. In allogeneic murine pregnancies immunosuppression is mediated by regulatory CD25+/Foxp3/CTLA-4 T cells. In order to evaluate whether these cells also play a role in syngeneic pregnancies, CD25+CD4+ and CD25+CD8+ were isolated from spleens of pregnant mice and examined as to the expression of specific suppressive and stimulatory markers, cytokine and soluble MHC cla...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - October 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. Kyvelidou, K. Chatzi, M. Semitekolou, X. Papathanassiou, S. Vassiliadis, I. Athanassakis Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Immunization with Cry1Ac from Bacillus Thuringiensis Increases Intestinal IgG Response and Induces the Expression of FcRn in the Intestinal Epithelium of Adult MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have shown that Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is a potent mucosal and systemic immunogen with adjuvant properties. Interestingly, we have observed that Cry1Ac preferentially induces high specific IgG responses in intestinal fluid when it is intraperitoneally administered to mice; therefore, in the present study, we used this protocol, as a model to address the influence of systemic immunization on the induction of the intestinal IgG response. The data shown indicate that upon intraperitoneal immunization with Cry1Ac, significant intestinal specific IgG cell responses were produced in the lamina propria, ac...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. L. Verdin-Terán, A. Vilches-Flores, L. Moreno-Fierros Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Structural Difference in the Complement Activation Site of Human IgG1 and IgG3Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report indicates the presence of structural differences between human IgG1 and IgG3 in the C1q binding site, and points to a specialization of the two isotypes with respect to complement activation. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: T. E. Michaelsen, I. Sandlie, D. B. Bratlie, R. H. Sandin, O. Ihle Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Human γδ T Cells Produce the Protease Inhibitor and Antimicrobial Peptide ElafinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated whether [gamma][delta] T cells can produce additional antimicrobial peptides. To this end, we have screened human [gamma][delta] T cell clones by RT-PCR for mRNA expression of a broad range of antimicrobial peptides. While [alpha]-defensins were absent and [beta]-defensins (HBD1) present only in rare [gamma][delta] T cell clones, elafin mRNA was induced by supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under static conditions. Elafin is a protease inhibitor that also displays antimicrobial activity. Constitutive intracellular expression of elafin was demonstrated by flow cytometry and Weste...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Marischen, D. Wesch, J.-M. Schröder, O. Wiedow, D. Kabelitz Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Alkali-Degradation of Amyloid: An Ancient Method Useful for Making Monoclonal Antibodies Against Amyloid Fibril ProteinsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The systemic amyloidoses constitute a group of life-threatening disorders at which one out of about 15 different proteins have polymerized into fibrils. Prognosis and treatment varies widely and depends on the biochemical type. Determination of this has usually to be performed by immunohistochemistry which is a challenge because of lack of monospecific antibodies that can be used on formaldehyde-fixed tissue sections. We have here used an old method to create immunogenic fragments of AL-amyloid fibrils by partial degradation and solubilization with sodium hydroxide. The mouse monoclonal antibody pwlam raised against this m...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: G. T. Westermark, K. Sletten, P. Westermark Tags: METHODOLOGICAL PAPER Source Type: journals

Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia is Not What It was A Lesson Learned from a Large Prospective Screening and Intervention ProgramEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Controversies regarding the pathophysiology of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) has hampered the development of consensus about how to identify, follow up and treat the women and children with this serious complication. One reason for this is that knowledge about the condition derived from previous retrospective studies do not necessarily conform with data derived from prospective investigations. The main obstacle to introduction of general screening programs to identify the pregnancies to treat, have been lack of reliable risk factors, and an effective treatment. Now, several recent prospective screening progra...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: B. Skogen, A. Husebekk, M. K. Killie, J. Kjeldsen-Kragh Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Review: To What Extent are T Cells Tolerant to Immunoglobulin Variable Regions?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the last 25 years it has become increasingly clear that short peptides derived from Ig V-regions are displayed on MHC class II molecules. Recognition of such idiotypic(Id)-peptide/MHC class II complexes by Id-specific CD4+ T cells plays a role in (1) Id-driven T-B collaboration, (2) immunosurveillance of B cell cancers and (3) Id-vaccination. A crucial question is then: to what extent are T cells tolerized to Ig V-region sequences? Or rephrased: how large is the T-cell repertoire for Ig V-region sequences presented by MHC class II molecules? We argue that T cells are to a large extent tolerant to germline-encoded V-...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: B. Bogen, P. Ruffini Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Complement Receptor 1 (A3650G RsaI and Intron 27 HindIII) Polymorphisms and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer in North Indian PopulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Decreased expression due to genetic variations in complement receptor 1 (CR1) on erythrocytes might result in reduced clearance of immune complexes, conferring interindividual variation for gallbladder cancer (GBC) susceptibility. We studied role of CR1 (A3650G RsaI and Intron 27 HindIII) polymorphisms in gallstone disease and GBC in north Indian population. Study included 185 GBC patients, 185 gallstone patients and 200 controls. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP. Result showed GG genotype and G allele of CR1 A3650G RsaI were conferring significant risk for GBC [(P = 0.022; OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.1[ndash]3.4) and (P = 0.035;...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 24, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Srivastava, B. Mittal Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

HIV-infected Patients with a Large Thymus Maintain Higher CD4 Counts in a 5-year Follow-up Study of Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the importance of the thymus to the rate of cellular restoration seems primarily to lie within the first two years of HAART. However, patients with larger thymic size are able to maintain higher CD4 counts even after 5 years of HAART. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 24, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Kolte, L. P. Ryder, E. Albrecht-Beste, Frank K. Jensen, S. D. Nielsen Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Feedback Regulation of Mitochondria by Caspase-9 in the B Cell Receptor-Mediated ApoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During the germinal centre reaction (GC), B cells with non-functional or self-reactive antigen receptors are negatively selected by apoptosis to generate B cell repertoire with appropriate antigen specificities. We studied the molecular mechanism of Fas/CD95- and B cell receptor (BCR)-induced apoptosis to shed light on the signalling events involved in the negative selection of GC B cells. As an experimental model, we used human follicular lymphoma (FL) cell line HF1A3, which originates from a GC B cell, and transfected HF1A3 cell lines overexpressing Bcl-xL, c-FLIPlong or dominant negative (DN) caspase-9. Fas-induced apop...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 24, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J. Eeva, U. Nuutinen, A. Ropponen, M. Mättö, M. Eray, R. Pellinen, J. Wahlfors, J. Pelkonen Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Levels of Dendritic Cell Populations and Regulatory T Cells Vary Significantly Between Two Commonly Used Mouse StrainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous group of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) involved in both initiating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. Roughly, DC can be divided into plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and conventional DC (cDC). By controlling regulatory T cells (Treg), DC can influence the outcome of both immunity and autoimmunity. Since the use of mice as in vivo models became a practical tool for researchers studying pathological events in all kind of human diseases, we decided to compare levels of cDC, pDC and Treg in both spleen and blood between two inbred mouse strains. Here we show that two common...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 24, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Petra Vogelsang, Arnt-Ove Hovden, Roland Jonsson, Silke Appel Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Does our Current Understanding of Immune Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Immunosuppressive Mechanisms Facilitate the Design of Efficient Cancer Vaccines?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The therapeutic use of the immune system to attack cancer cells has been a longstanding vision among tumour immunologists. However, most human tumours are poorly immunogenic and are able to invade the host immune system. Although these obstacles are clearly critical to cancer vaccine development, the induction of a strong anti-tumour immune response may rely on the activation of high affinity T cells through a molecular mimicry mechanism which involves cross-reactive recognition of foreign antigens mimicking the structure of tumour proteins. Taking into account the disparity in HLA molecules needed to present shared antige...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: M. Sioud Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Common CCR 5 Polymorphism in Stroke The CCR 5 Δ32 Polymorphism Differentiates Cardioembolism from Other Aetiologies of Ischaemic Cerebrovascular DiseasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammation is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) initiates chemotaxis and modulates the inflammation secondary to atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases. The CCR5 [Delta]32 polymorphism influences the expression of CCR5 on the cell surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the [Delta]32 polymorphism in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). The CCR5 [Delta]32 polymorphism was genotyped in 1462 individuals: 562 ischaemic stroke (IS), 97 transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and in 803 healthy controls. All 659 ICVD patients were categorized accordi...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: K. Nikolaos, M. Ioanna, K. Vasilios, H. Jan, K. Konstantinos Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

New Alternative Vaccine Component Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis– Heat Shock Protein 16.3 or its T-Cell EpitopeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Heat shock protein 16.3 (Hsp16.3) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) containing T-cell and B-cell epitopes not only plays an important role in the survival of MTB against macrophages, but also has great potential to be used to develop new TB vaccines. In order to study whether Hsp16.3 can be replaced with its T-cell epitope for producing a vaccine against TB, we expressed and purified Hsp16.3 protein of MTB H37Rv strain and confirmed by immunoblotting. The immune responses and protection against the H37Rv induced by Hsp16.3 protein were compared with its T-cell epitope synthetic peptide in mice. The results showed that bo...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. Shi, H. Zhang, T. Zhang, X. Wang, B. Bai, Y. Zhao, C. Zhang, Z. Xu Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Identification of Rv2041c, a Novel Immunogenic Antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Serodiagnostic PotentialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, recombinant (r)Rv2041c was produced in Escherichia coli to examine its role in immune responses. Increased Rv2041c expression in vitro during dormancy and during infection in human macrophages was confirmed by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Interestingly, positive antibody responses to rRv2041c were detected only in those patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and in mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Finally, Rv2041c was used successfully in the serodiagnosis of active M. tuberculosis infection in Korean patients in conjunction with other M. tuberc...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S.-Y. Kim, A.-R. Shin, H.-J. Kim, S.-N. Cho, J.-K. Park, S. J. Shin Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Mucosal Immunity: Induction, Dissemination, and Effector FunctionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prevention of infections by vaccination remains a compelling goal to improve public health. Most infections involve the mucosae, but the development of vaccines against many of these pathogens has yet to be successful. Mucosal vaccines would make immunization procedures easier, be better suited for mass administration, and most efficiently induce immune exclusion [ndash] a term coined for non-inflammatory antibody shielding of internal body surfaces [ndash] mediated principally by secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). The exported antibodies are polymeric, mainly IgA dimers (pIgA) [ndash] produced by local plasma cells stimul...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: P. Brandtzaeg Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Immune Responses in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Tumor LysateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we analysed lysate specific proliferation of PBMCs from these patients together with the TH1/TH2 balance of the responding T cells. Also, serum concentrations of IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18 from these patients and additional thirteen HLA-A2 positive mRCC patients treated with autologous DC pulsed with survivin and telomerase peptides were analysed during vaccination to identify systemic immune responses and potential response biomarkers. In HLA-A2 negative mRCC patients a spontaneous predominance of TH1 secreting tumour lysate specific T cells was observed prior to vaccination in patients attaining ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Soleimani, A. Berntsen, I. M. Svane, A. E. Pedersen Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

A Comparative Study of Transfection Methods for RNA Interference in Bone Marrow-Derived Murine Dendritic CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this protocol was effective for manipulation of murine BM-DC function through the use of specific siRNA and such methods can be important for the future study of DC[ndash]T cell interactions. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - September 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. D. Pedersen, J. J. Fang, A. E. Pedersen Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

On the Sorting of the Repertoire: An analysis of Cohn's challenge to Integrity (Dembic), Round 2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In analyzing the integrity model and other context-based models, Melvin Cohn excluded the possibility that regulatory T cells or germline selected mechanisms can contribute to defining the specificity of immune responses. Here I discuss in greater detail how both the experimental data and a quantitative view of the evolution of immune control mechanisms challenge Cohn's arguments. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 31, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. C. Anderson Tags: DISCUSSION FORUMS Source Type: journals

Insulin2 Gene (Ins2) Transcription by NOD Bone Marrow-derived Cells Does Not Influence Autoimmune Diabetes Development in NOD-Ins2 Knockout MiceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insulin is a critical autoantigen for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. About 80% of NOD females and 30[ndash]40% of NOD males develop diabetes. However, Insulin2 (Ins2) knockout NOD mice develop autoimmune diabetes with complete penetrance in both sexes, at an earlier age, and have stronger autoimmune responses to insulin. The severe diabetes phenotype observed in NOD-Ins2[minus]/[minus] mice suggests that lack of Ins2 expression in the thymus may compromise immunological tolerance to insulin. Insulin is a prototypical tissue specific antigen (TSA) for which tolerance is dependent on...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 26, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Martin-Pagola, A. Pileggi, E. Zahr, F. Vendrame, R. Damaris Molano, I. Snowhite, C. Ricordi, G. S. Eisenbarth, M. Nakayama, A. Pugliese Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

TLR9 Activation Increases TAP-Independent Vesicular MHC Class I Processing In vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cross-presentation of soluble protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I by dendritic cells (DC) can occur in vesicular, endolysosomal compartments and be either dependent or independent of TAP peptide transporters. Here we investigate if an immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide can increase the activity in a TAP-independent endolysosomal vesicular pathway (el-VP) in vivo as we have earlier found in in vitro cultured DC. We use the in vivo response of CFSE labelled OT-1 T cells, transgenic for a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes an ovalbumin (OVA)-derived peptide (SIINFEKL) presented by H-2...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 26, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Chen, M. Jondal Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on the Induction of Mixed Chimerism in Cyclophosphamide-Induced ToleranceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, LPS-infusion had little influence on the immune response of donor-reactive T cells, but had a significant effect on the induction and maintenance of mixed chimerism in CP-induced tolerance. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 26, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: T. Onzuka, Y. Tomita, I. Shimizu, S. Okano, H. Yamada, Y. Yoshikai, R. Tominaga Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Use of Immobilized HLA-A2:Ig Dimeric Proteins to Determine the Level of Epitope-Specific, HLA-Restricted CD8+ T-Cell ResponseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel assay to assess antigen-specific cytokine release from stimulated CD8+ T cells derived from the mucosal and peripheral blood compartments has been developed and standardized using the influenza A virus matrix protein (MP) peptide, GILGFVFTL. This technology is based on the capacity for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2:Ig dimeric protein to stimulate CD8+ T cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted fashion without the necessity for antigen presenting cells (APC). This assay has been optimized utilizing a 9-amino acid residue (9mer) peptide, the optimal peptide length for presenting an ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 26, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Horowitz, X. Li, M. A. Poles, M. Tsuji Tags: METHODOLOGICAL PAPER Source Type: journals

Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, Beta2-Microglobulin, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Children with Hodgkin's LymphomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study was to determine clinical utility of serum soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R[alpha]), [beta]2-microglobulin ([beta]2-M), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as markers of diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of response to therapy in childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The markers were measured prospectively before treatment and in complete remission (CR) during and after therapy in 30 children with HL (F/M:19/11; median age: 11.3 years) and once in 50 healthy children (F/M: 24/26; median age: 8.7 years). Median pretreatment levels of all analysed markers were significantl...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 21, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: E. Bien, A. Balcerska Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Lipoxin A4 Metabolites/Analogues from Two Commercial Sources have No Effects on TNF-α-mediated Priming or Activation through the Neutrophil Formyl Peptide ReceptorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the influence of metabolically stable LXA4 analogues on the biological activities induced by a previously characterized FPR2 agonist (WKYMWM) and a commonly used FPR1 agonist (fMLF). We also investigated the analogues regarding their direct effect on TNF[alpha]-mediated neutrophil mobilization of the complement receptor 3 (CR3) and their indirect effect on cytokine-dependent priming of the cells. The LXA4 analogues we used came from two commercial sources. In our experiments, they did not induce any direct neutrophil response, nor did they affect the increase in the number of CR3 molecules on the...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: H. Forsman, C. Dahlgren Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Effects of Salivary Gland Homogenate from Wild-Caught and Laboratory-Reared Lutzomyia longipalpis on the Evolution and Immunomodulation of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis InfectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the effects of Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary glands homogenate of wild-caught and laboratory-reared vectors on the lesion evolution and immunomodulation of the infection caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. To compare the effect of both salivary glands homogenate (SGH), C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously into the hind footpads or into the ear dermis with 106 promastigotes in the presence or not of SGH from wild-caught and laboratory-colonized sand flies. Comparing SGH groups, the lesion size was lower in mice co-inoculated with wild-caught SGH, as the parasitism and the infiltration of m...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: M. D. Laurenti, V. L. R. da Matta, T. Pernichelli, N. F. C. Secundino, L. C. Pinto, C. E. P. Corbett, P. P. F. Pimenta Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Regions of Differences Encoded Antigens as Targets for Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis in HumansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article provides an overview of the use of RD antigens in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection and disease. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: O. Parkash, B. P. Singh, M. Pai Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: R. Jonsson, H.-G. Ljunggren Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: journals

Hans G Boman (1924-2008): Pioneer in Peptide-Mediated Innate Immune DefenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - August 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: K. Pütsep, I. Faye Tags: OBITUARY Source Type: journals

Anomalous Immunogenic Properties of Serine ProteasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has previously been shown that a [sim]27 kDa serine protease of Schistosoma mansoni larvae, the cercarial elastase (CE), was a poor immunogen in as much as it failed to induce an antibody response. The CE has a critical role in enabling schistosome larvae to penetrate the skin of their definitive hosts, so the apparently poor immunogenicity of this enzyme is clearly of interest. To understand its lack of immunogenicity better and in particular to determine whether it is related to its proteolytic activity, we have measured antibody responses of mice to three different serine proteases. Groups of mice were immunized with...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - July 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: H. Y. Darani, M. J. Doenhoff Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

The CD4+CD8+ and CD4+ Subsets of FOXP3+ Thymocytes Differ in their Response to Growth Factor Deprivation or StimulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The timing of thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell commitment remains unclear. Specifically, there is disagreement as to whether the CD4+CD8+ FOXP3+ thymocytes are precursors of mature CD4+ FOXP3+ Treg cells, or an independent Treg cell lineage. We reasoned that precursors should be more susceptible to apoptosis than mature Treg cells, and tested this by growth factor removal and anti-CD3 stimulation. Both treatments resulted in an increase of CD4+ FOXP3+ thymocytes, whereas the frequency of CD4+CD8+ FOXP3+ thymocytes decreased significantly. These changes were accompanied by an increase of annexin+ apoptotic cells. Both of the...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - July 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Lehtoviita, L. H. Rossi, E. Kekäläinen, H. Sairanen, T. P. Arstila Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

In vivo Extravasated Human Monocytes have an Altered Expression of CD16, HLA-DR, CD86, CD36 and CX3CR1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The phenotypic alterations in monocytes induced by extravasation in vivo are still largely unknown. We addressed the question whether a general phenotype of extravasated monocytes exists and whether this phenotype differs between healthy individuals and statin treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In vivo extravasated monocytes from CAD patients and healthy controls were collected by use of the skin blister method and compared with peripheral circulating monocytes by flow cytometry. The number of CD14+CD16+ monocytes were significantly higher in the skin blister compared with peripheral circulation in both p...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - July 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J. M. Paulsson, C. Held, S. H. Jacobson, J. Lundahl Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

How do Regulatory T Cells Work?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CD4+ T cells are commonly divided into regulatory T (Treg) cells and conventional T helper (Th) cells. Th cells control adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer by activating other effector immune cells. Treg cells are defined as CD4+ T cells in charge of suppressing potentially deleterious activities of Th cells. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge in the Treg field and defines some key questions that remain to be answered. Suggested functions for Treg cells include: prevention of autoimmune diseases by maintaining self-tolerance; suppression of allergy, asthma and pathogen-induced immunopathology; ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - July 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Corthay Tags: DISCUSSION FORUMS Source Type: journals

Differential Gene Expression in CD45+ Cells at Para-aortic Foci Stage of Chicken HaematopoiesisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Para-aortic foci of chicken embryos at 6[ndash]7 days of development are considered to provide a microenvironment for haematopoietic stem cell proliferation and initial differentiation similar to that of fetal liver in mammals. Here, we have investigated the genes involved in this process by constructing and analysing a subtractive cDNA library from CD45+ cells in para-aortic region. Among 394 analysed clones 99 distinct genes were identified by sequence homology search. Classification of the identified genes according to biological processes revealed that innate immunity-related genes are highly expressed at this stage. T...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - July 5, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: R. Säynäjäkangas, T. Uchida, O. Vainio Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Impaired Antibody Responses but Normal Proliferation of Specific CD4+ T Cells in Mice Lacking Complement Receptors 1 and 2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Severely impaired Ab responses are seen in animals lacking C (complement) factors C2, C3 or C4 as well as CR1/2 (C receptors 1 and 2). The molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is not understood. One possibility is that C-containing immune complexes are endocytosed via CR2 on B cells and presented to specific CD4+ T cells, which would then proliferate and provide efficient help to specific B cells. In vitro, B cells can endocytose immune complexes via CR1/2 and present the Ag to T cells. Whether absence of this Ag presenting function in Cr2[minus]/[minus] mice (mice lacking CR1/2) explains their low Ab response is unc...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: F. Carlsson, A. Getahun, C. Rutemark, B. Heyman Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Post-consolidation Immunotherapy with Histamine Dihydrochloride and Interleukin-2 in AMLEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The initial chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) comprises a first phase of induction and a second phase of consolidation. In the majority of patients, the induction treatment leads to complete remission (CR), defined as microscopic disappearance of leukaemic disease along with the return of normal haematopoiesis. However, despite the introduction of more efficacious consolidation regimens, a worryingly large proportion of AML patients in CR will subsequently experience relapses with poor prospects of long-term survival. A relapse is assumed to be the result of expansion of residual leukaemic cells that have escap...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 23, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. I. Romero, F. B. Thorén, J. Aurelius, G. Askarieh, M. Brune, K. Hellstrand Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Reduced Apoptosis of Mouse Macrophages Induced by yscW Mutant of Yersinia pestis Results from the Reduced Secretion of YopJ and Relates to Caspase-3 Signal PathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The virulence of the pathogenic Yersinia species depends on a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) that injects six Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effector proteins into the cytosol of macrophages, leading to disruption of host defence mechanisms. Here, we report that a T3SS structural protein YscW of Yersinia pestis contributed to the induction of apoptosis of murine macrophages. The apoptotic percentage of macrophages, from both mouse peritoneal cavity and spleen, and of RAW264.7 cell line, caused by the yscW mutant strain was significantly lower than that by wild type (WT) Y. pestis and yscW complemented strai...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Y. Bi, Z. Du, H. Yang, Z. Guo, Y. Tan, Z. Zhu, Ruifu Yang Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Etanercept for Treating Rheumatoid ArthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETA) for treating rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic review was performed to search for randomized clinical trials comparing subcutaneous doses of ETA at 25 mg twice a week or 50 mg weekly to a placebo group, with or without methotrexate. Studies of low quality (less than 3 points on Jadad's scale) were excluded. The efficacy was assessed by using the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Safety data were evaluated based on serious adverse events, serious infections, malignancy and deaths. Withdrawals as a result of adverse event...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Astrid Wiens, Cassyano Januario Correr, Roberto Pontarolo, Rafael Venson, Juliana Vasconcelos Quinalha, Michel Fleith Otuki Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Increased Expression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase is Associated with Anti-CCP and Rheumatoid Factor in Rheumatoid ArthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with higher levels of autoantibodies and IL-17. Here, we investigated if ectopic lymphoid follicles and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients exhibit increased activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and if increased AID is correlated with serum levels of autoantibodies and IL-17. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that organized AID+ germinal centres were observed in six of the 12 RA synovial samples, and AID+ cells were found almost exclusively in the B-cell areas of these follicles. Aggregated but not organized lymphoid follicles were fou...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: X. Xu, H.-C. Hsu, J. Chen, W. E. Grizzle, W. W. Chatham, C. R. Stockard, Q. Wu, P. A. Yang, V. M. Holers, J. D. Mountz Tags: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Studies on the Mechanism by Which Antigen-Specific IgG Suppresses Primary Antibody Responses: Evidence for Epitope Masking and Decreased Localization of Antigen in the SpleenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Immunoglobulin (IgG) has the ability to suppress the Ab response against the Ag to which it binds. Although the mechanism remains unclear, this phenomenon has physiological relevance and is used clinically in Rh prophylaxis. As suppression works well in mice lacking the inhibitory Fc[gamma]RIIB, the two most likely explanations are that IgG masks epitopes and/or that IgG increases the clearance of Ag. In the present study, mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to which the hapten 5-iodo-4-hydroxyl-3-nitrophenacetyl (NIP) was conjugated at high or low density and the ability of IgG anti-NIP to suppress the A...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Getahun, B. Heyman Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

HIV Induces both a Down-Regulation of IRAK-4 that Impairs TLR Signalling and an Up-regulation of the Antibiotic Peptide Dermcidin in Monocytic CellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the effects of HIV infection on the protein profile of undifferentiated monocyte-like THP-1 cells were examined by a mass spectrometric approach based on stable isotope labelling with amino acid in cell culture (SILAC). We identified 651 proteins, of which nine proteins were down-regulated and 17 proteins were up-regulated in HIV-infected THP-1 cells as compared to uninfected controls. Most remarkably, the IL-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), which is essential for virtually all TLR signalling, was suppressed, whereas the precursor for the antibiotic peptide Dermcidin was up-regulated in HIV-infected ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. Pathak, G. A. De Souza, T. Salte, H. G. Wiker, B. Åsjö Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Entry into Mast Cells Through Cholesterol-rich Membrane MicrodomainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) play a role in the uptake of many pathogens. Mycobacteria are one of the intracellular pathogens that utilize lipid rafts in order to invade both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. However, the mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis uptake by mast cell is not known. To address this issue, we investigated the interaction of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv strain) with mast cells. Confocal microscopy showed that interaction of mycobacterium with mast cell resulted in changes in the mast cell surface, with formation of pseudopod-like structure and activation with visibly extr...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. Muñoz, B. Rivas-Santiago, J. A. Enciso Tags: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY Source Type: journals

MHC II and the Endocytic Pathway: Regulation by Invariant ChainEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules perform vital functions in innate and adaptive immune responses towards invading pathogens. MHC class I molecules load peptides in the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and display them to the T cell receptors (TcR) on CD8+ T lymphocytes. MHC class II molecules (MHC II) acquire their peptides in endosomes and present these to the TcR on CD4+ T lymphocytes. They are vital for the generation of humoral immune responses. MHC II assembly in the ER and trafficking to endosomes is guided by a specialized MHC II chaperone termed the invariant chain (Ii). Ii self-assoc...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: O. J. B. Landsverk, O. Bakke, T. F. Gregers Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals

The Role of Extracellular DNA in Autoimmunity in SLEEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the expression of antibodies to DNA. These antibodies form immune complexes that can stimulate cytokine production as well as deposit in the tissues to incite inflammation and damage. For the formation of immune complexes, the availability of extracellular DNA in an immunologically relevant form is essential. While apoptosis has been implicated as the source of this nuclear material in SLE, as shown with in vitro or in vivo systems, extracellular DNA can originate from apoptotic as well as necrotic cells. In experimental models, the rele...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - June 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: K.-Y. Su, D. S. Pisetsky Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: journals