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Issue 35(5) Cover Image: Woman with guitarEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Errata Source Type: journals

Diagnostic and Sex Effects on Limbic Volumes in Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder and SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Errata Source Type: journals

Passive and Active Schizophrenia: Toward a New Descriptive MicropsychopathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article introduces a specific, restrictive, operationalized definition of the "experiential substrate" of schizophrenia, defined by the "self-giving" "passive experiences" of the disorder that break into the consciousness of the affected individual, and are distinguished from the "active" acts of judgment formulation and conviction/belief attainment. The experiential substrate of schizophrenia may be considered similar to the experiential substrate of pain. The operationalization of the definition of passive experiences can enable the experiential substrate of schizophrenia to be acknowledged as an independent domain ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Moscarelli, M. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Schizophrenia Susceptibility Genes Directly Implicated in the Life Cycles of Pathogens: Cytomegalovirus, Influenza, Herpes simplex, Rubella, and Toxoplasma gondiiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many genes implicated in schizophrenia can be related to glutamatergic transmission and neuroplasticity, oligodendrocyte function, and other families clearly related to neurobiology and schizophrenia phenotypes. Others appear rather to be involved in the life cycles of the pathogens implicated in the disease. For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene code...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carter, C.J. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Imaging Genetic Liability to Schizophrenia: Systematic Review of fMRI Studies of Patients' Nonpsychotic RelativesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a growing literature on brain activity in the nonpsychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia as measured using functional imaging. This systematic review examined 20 studies in 4 domains of cognition, including cognitive control (7 samples), working memory (5 samples), long-term memory (4 samples), and language (4 samples). While the literature was widely divergent, these studies did consistently find activation differences between patients’ relatives and controls. The most consistent increases in activation within hemisphere were found in right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right p...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: MacDonald, A. W., Thermenos, H. W., Barch, D. M., Seidman, L. J. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

When Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Auditory Training Enhances Verbal Memory in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A critical research priority for our field is to develop treatments that enhance cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and thereby attenuate the functional losses associated with the illness. In this article, we describe such a treatment method that is grounded in emerging research on the widespread sensory processing impairments of schizophrenia, as described elsewhere in this special issue. We first present the rationale for this treatment approach, which consists of cognitive training exercises that make use of principles derived from the past 2 decades of basic science research in learning-induced neuroplasticity; the...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adcock, R. A., Dale, C., Fisher, M., Aldebot, S., Genevsky, A., Simpson, G. V., Nagarajan, S., Vinogradov, S. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Scents and Nonsense: Olfactory Dysfunction in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among the sensory modalities, olfaction is most closely associated with the frontal and temporal brain regions that are implicated in schizophrenia and most intimately related to the affective and mnemonic functions that these regions subserve. Olfactory probes may therefore be ideal tools through which to assess the structural and functional integrity of the neural substrates that underlie disease-related cognitive and emotional disturbances. Perhaps more importantly, to the extent that early sensory afferents are also disrupted in schizophrenia, the olfactory system—owing to its strategic anatomic location—ma...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Turetsky, B. I., Hahn, C.-G., Borgmann-Winter, K., Moberg, P. J. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Schizophrenia Patients Show Deficits in Shifts of Attention to Different Levels of Global-Local Stimuli: Evidence for Magnocellular DysfunctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used a version of the global-local task specifically designed to examine lateralized hemispheric processing and attention shifting in 30 schizophrenia patients and 24 normal controls. Global-local stimuli were presented in couplets (consecutive pairs). Reaction time for the second target in a couplet was compared under conditions in which the target remained at the same level (global-global, local-local) and when the target changed levels (global-local, local-global). Level-specific priming (ie, global to global and local to local) and the local-to-global level shift were similar in both groups. Schizophr...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Coleman, M. J., Cestnick, L., Krastoshevsky, O., Krause, V., Huang, Z., Mendell, N. R., Levy, D. L. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Sensory Contributions to Impaired Emotion Processing in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the contribution to emotion-processing deficits of magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathway function, based on stimulus properties and shape of contrast response functions. Experiment 1 examined the relationship between contrast sensitivity to magnocellular- and parvocellular-biased stimuli and emotion recognition using the Penn Emotion Recognition (ER-40) and Emotion Differentiation (EMODIFF) tests. Experiment 2 altered the contrast levels of the faces themselves to determine whether emotion detection curves would show a pattern characteristic of magnocellular neurons and whether patients would s...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Butler, P. D., Abeles, I. Y., Weiskopf, N. G., Tambini, A., Jalbrzikowski, M., Legatt, M. E., Zemon, V., Loughead, J., Gur, R. C., Javitt, D. C. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Seeing the World Dimly: The Impact of Early Visual Deficits on Visual Experience in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study replicates and expands upon previous findings with visual illusions. Our results offer a unifying explanation for disparate studies and suggest that deficits in early sensory gain affect subsequent integrative processes. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kantrowitz, J. T., Butler, P. D., Schecter, I., Silipo, G., Javitt, D. C. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Diminished Orientation-Specific Surround Suppression of Visual Processing in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Visual perception of a stimulus is a function of the visual context in which it is displayed. Surround suppression is a specific form of contextual modulation whereby the perceived contrast of a center stimulus is decreased by a high-contrast surround. Recent studies have demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia are less prone to visual contextual effects, suggesting impairments in cortical lateral connectivity. We tested whether altered contextual modulation in schizophrenia is stimulus orientation selective. Participants viewed an annulus consisting of contrast-reversing sinusoidal gratings and determined if any ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yoon, J. H., Rokem, A. S., Silver, M. A., Minzenberg, M. J., Ursu, S., Ragland, J. D., Carter, C. S. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Steady State Responses: Electrophysiological Assessment of Sensory Function in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Persons with schizophrenia experience subjective sensory anomalies and objective deficits on assessment of sensory function. Such deficits could be produced by abnormal signaling in the sensory pathways and sensory cortex or later stage disturbances in cognitive processing of such inputs. Steady state responses (SSRs) provide a noninvasive method to test the integrity of sensory pathways and oscillatory responses in schizophrenia with minimal task demands. SSRs are electrophysiological responses entrained to the frequency and phase of a periodic stimulus. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit pronounced auditory SSR deficits...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brenner, C. A., Krishnan, G. P., Vohs, J. L., Ahn, W.-Y., Hetrick, W. P., Morzorati, S. L., O'Donnell, B. F. Tags: Theme: Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia: Etiology and Implications Guest Editor: Daniel C. Javitt Source Type: journals

Sensory Processing in Schizophrenia: Neither Simple nor IntactEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This special issue focuses on the theme of sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. For more than 50 years, from approximately the time of Bleuler until the early 1960s, sensory function was considered one of the few preserved functions in schizophrenia (Javitt1). Fortunately, the last several decades have brought a renewed and accelerating interest in this topic. The articles included in the issue range from those addressing fundamental bases of sensory dysfunction (Brenner, Yoon, and Turetsky) to those that examine how elementary deficits in sensory processing affect the sensory experience of individuals with sch...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Javitt, D. C. Tags: Theme Introduction Source Type: journals

Day Hospital Vs Outpatient Care for People With SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shek, E., Stein, A. T., Shansis, F. M., Marshall, M., Crowther, R., Tyrer, P. Tags: Cochrane Corner-Feature Editor: Clive E. Adams Source Type: journals

Epigenetic Mediation of Environmental Influences in Major Psychotic DisordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The major psychotic disorders schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are etiologically complex involving both heritable and nonheritable factors. The absence of consistently replicated major genetic effects, together with evidence for lasting changes in gene expression after environmental exposures, is consistent with the concept that the biologic underpinnings of these disorders are epigenetic in form rather than DNA sequence based. Psychosis-associated environmental exposures, particularly at key developmental stages, may result in long-lasting epigenetic alterations that impact on the neurobiological processes involved in p...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rutten, B. P. F., Mill, J. Tags: Environment and Schizophrenia-Feature Editor: Jim van Os Source Type: journals

How High-Resolution Basal-State Functional Imaging Can Guide the Development of New Pharmacotherapies for SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe here a coordinated brain imaging and animal models approach in which we have shown that the hippocampal CA1 region is a principal node in schizophrenia pathogenesis and have identified a novel treatment approach to the disorder based on inhibition of glutamate release. To identify biomarkers, we have focused on the putative prodromal period, typically lasting a few years, preceding the first onset of psychosis. About one-third of a high-risk cohort followed prospectively for 2.5 years will progress to threshold psychosis, making it possible to perform a relatively short prospective study. We have utilized a tec...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gaisler-Salomon, I., Schobel, S. A., Small, S. A., Rayport, S. Tags: Schizophrenia in Translation-Feature Editor: Paul D. Shepard Source Type: journals

Silencing the Self: Schizophrenia as a Self-disturbanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kean, C. Tags: First Person Account Source Type: journals

Postmortem Brain Tissue for Drug Discovery in Psychiatric ResearchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kim, S., Webster, M. J. Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Theory of Mind and Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Medication-Free Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Erratum Source Type: journals

Neuropsychological Function and Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Affective DisordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Evidence suggests that differences in NP performance between schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders are largely quantitative. NP impairment is also common in psychotic affective disorders. A significant minority of schizophrenia patients are NP normal. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Reichenberg, A., Harvey, P. D., Bowie, C. R., Mojtabai, R., Rabinowitz, J., Heaton, R. K., Bromet, E. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Major Self-mutilation in the First Episode of PsychosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the proportion of patients in first episode of psychosis (FEP) was assessed using the results of a systematic review of published case reports. Histories of patients who had removed an eye or a testicle, severed their penis, or amputated a portion of a limb and were diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis were included. A psychotic illness was documented in 143 of 189 cases (75.6%) of MSM, of whom 119 of 143 (83.2%) were diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. The treatment status of a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis could be ascertained in 101 of the case reports, of which 54 were in t...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Large, M., Babidge, N., Andrews, D., Storey, P., Nielssen, O. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Taking the Perspective of the Other Contributes to Awareness of Illness in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two approaches dominate research on the lack of awareness of illness that characterizes schizophrenia. The "deficit" approach uses standardized neuropsychological batteries to identify the neural underpinnings of intact insight; the "nondeficit" approach investigates the psychological defense mechanisms that motivate denial of illness. We adopt, instead, a cognitive neuropsychological approach to model the cognitive processes which underpin insight and which might be either damaged (because of neuropathology) or not used (because of motivational forces). We conceive of these processes in terms of a metacognitive capacity "...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Langdon, R., Ward, P. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Attributional Style in Delusional Patients: A Comparison of Remitted Paranoid, Remitted Nonparanoid, and Current Paranoid Patients With Nonpsychiatric ControlsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many studies have found that people experiencing persecutory delusions have a marked tendency to use external-personal attributions when establishing the causes of negative events. Although nonclinical populations also tend to attribute negative events to external causes, those causes are typically believed to be universal in nature, rather than personal. The central goal of the present study was to investigate whether individuals with remitted persecutory delusions would display this external-personal bias regarding negative events, in comparison to remitted patients whose delusions were not paranoid in nature and to nonp...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Aakre, J. M., Seghers, J. P., St-Hilaire, A., Docherty, N. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Anatomical Abnormalities of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia: Bridging the Gap Between Neuroimaging and NeuropathologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a functionally heterogeneous region involved in diverse cognitive and emotional processes that support goal-directed behaviour. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropathological findings over the past two decades have converged to suggest abnormalities in the region may represent a neurobiological basis for many of the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. However, while each approach offers complimentary information that can provide clues regarding underlying patholophysiological processes, the findings from these 2 fields are seldom integrated. In this article, w...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fornito, A., Yucel, M., Dean, B., Wood, S. J., Pantelis, C. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

A Review of the Fetal Brain Cytokine Imbalance Hypothesis of SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of schizophrenia and other brain disorders of neurodevelopmental origin in the offspring. A multitude of infectious agents seem to be involved in this association. Therefore, it has been proposed that factors common to the immune response to a wide variety of bacterial and viral pathogens may be the critical link between prenatal infection and postnatal brain and behavioral pathology. More specifically, it has been suggested that the maternal induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines may mediate the neurodevelopmental effects of maternal infections. Here, we review recen...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Meyer, U., Feldon, J., Yee, B. K. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

The Impact of Supported Employment and Working on Clinical and Social Functioning: Results of an International Study of Individual Placement and SupportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Concerns among clinicians about possible detrimental effects of working and supported employment have been misplaced. Although some of the associations found may have been selection effects, there is sufficient evidence of work having beneficial effects on clinical and social functioning to merit further exploration. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Burns, T., Catty, J., White, S., Becker, T., Koletsi, M., Fioritti, A., Rossler, W., Tomov, T., van Busschbach, J., Wiersma, D., Lauber, C., for the EQOLISE Group Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Secondary Effects of Antipsychotics: Women at Greater Risk Than MenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Clinicians need to be aware of the differential harm that women (and their offspring) can incur from the side effects of antipsychotics. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Seeman, M. V. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Principles of Antipsychotic Prescribing for Policy Makers, Circa 2008. Translating Knowledge to Promote Individualized TreatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present our policy statement, in which we provide a succinct background, articulate general principles, and describe a set of 4 broad recommendations. We then summarize our understanding of the current state of knowledge about comparative antipsychotic effectiveness, best antipsychotic practice, and considerations for state policy that represent the basis of our position statement. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Parks, J., Radke, A., Parker, G., Foti, M.-E., Eilers, R., Diamond, M., Svendsen, D., Tandon, R. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Shared Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Young Offspring at Extreme Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder in Eastern Quebec Multigenerational FamiliesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: HRSZ and HRBP shared several aspects of their cognitive impairment. Our data suggest that the extremely high genetic and familial loading of these HRs may have contributed to a quantitatively increased magnitude of the cognitive impairments in both HR subgroups, especially in memory. These offspring at heightened risk present difficulties in processing information that warrant preventive research. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maziade, M., Rouleau, N., Gingras, N., Boutin, P., Paradis, M.-E., Jomphe, V., Boutin, J., Letourneau, K., Gilbert, E., Lefebvre, A.-A., Dore, M.-C., Marino, C., Battaglia, M., Merette, C., Roy, M.-A. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Is Early Intervention in Psychosis Cost-Effective Over the Long Term?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Specialized early psychosis programs can deliver a higher recovery rate at one-third the cost of standard public mental health services. Residual methodological limitations and limited sample size indicate that further research is required to verify this finding. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mihalopoulos, C., Harris, M., Henry, L., Harrigan, S., McGorry, P. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Validity of the Prodromal Risk Syndrome for First Psychosis: Findings From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated the diagnostic validity of the prospective "prodromal risk syndrome" construct. Patients assessed by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes as meeting criteria of prodromal syndromes (n = 377) from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study were compared with normal comparison (NC, n = 196), help-seeking comparison (HSC, n = 198), familial high-risk (FHR, n = 40), and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD, n = 49) groups. Comparisons were made on variables from cross-sectional demographic, symptom, functional, comorbid diagnostic, and family history domains of assessment as well as on fol...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Woods, S. W., Addington, J., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., Heinssen, R., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., McGlashan, T. H. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Multimodal Cognitive Therapy: Combining Treatments That Bypass Cognitive Deficits and Deal With Reasoning and Appraisal BiasesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The process of recovery in schizophrenia involves resolving persistent symptoms, addressing cognitive impairments, and improving functional outcomes. Our research group has demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive adaptation training (CAT)—a home-based psychosocial treatment utilizing environmental supports such as medication containers, signs, checklists, and the organization of belongings to bypass deficits in cognitive functioning and cue and sequence adaptive behavior) for improving adherence to medications and functional outcomes in schizophrenia. Early CAT pilot studies utilizing some therapists with training in ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Velligan, D. I., Draper, M., Stutes, D., Maples, N., Mintz, J., Tai, S., Turkington, D. Tags: Theme: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Guest Editor: Dawn I. Velligan Source Type: journals

Social Disinterest Attitudes and Group Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training for Functional Disability in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, 18 clinical trials of CBT for schizophrenia that included measures of psychosocial functioning were reviewed, and two-thirds showed improvements in functioning in CBT. The cognitive model of functional outcome was also tested by examining the relationship between social disinterest attitudes and functional outcome in 79 people with schizophrenia randomized to either group cognitive-behavioral social skills training or a goal-focused supportive contact intervention. Consistent with the cognitive model, lower social disinterest attitudes at baseline and greater reduction in social disinterest during group the...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Granholm, E., Ben-Zeev, D., Link, P. C. Tags: Theme: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Guest Editor: Dawn I. Velligan Source Type: journals

The Evolution of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia: Current Practice and Recent DevelopmentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article will describe the key elements of CBT for schizophrenia and the current evidence of its efficacy and effectiveness. We conclude with a description of recent concepts that extend the theoretical basis of practice and expand the range of CBT strategies for use in schizophrenia. Mindfulness, meta-cognitive approaches, compassionate mind training, and method of levels are postulated as useful adjuncts for CBT with psychotic patients. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tai, S., Turkington, D. Tags: Theme: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Guest Editor: Dawn I. Velligan Source Type: journals

Predictors of Outcome in Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy for SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study tested which antipsychotic-resistant patients were most likely to respond to brief CBT delivered by psychiatric nurses. Staff were trained over 10 consecutive days with ongoing weekly supervision. Training for carers in the basic principles of CBT was also provided. This article represents the secondary analyses of completer data from a previously published randomized controlled trial (Turkington D, Kingdon D, Turner T. Effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180:523–527) (n = 354) to determine whether a number of a priori...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brabban, A., Tai, S., Turkington, D. Tags: Theme: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Guest Editor: Dawn I. Velligan Source Type: journals

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychosis: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Velligan, D. I. Tags: Theme Introduction Source Type: journals

Zuclopenthixol Dihydrochloride for SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kumar, A., Strech, D. Tags: Cochrane Corner-Feature Editor: Clive E. Adams Source Type: journals

Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) Deletions in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kirov, G., Rujescu, D., Ingason, A., Collier, D. A., O'Donovan, M. C., Owen, M. J. Tags: Genes and Schizophrenia-Feature Editor: Michael Owen Source Type: journals

Who Is at Risk for a Psychotic Disorder?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Accurate assessment of the individual risk for psychotic disorders has great value. We need to determine the reliability and rate of conversion to a psychotic disorder in clinical samples before we can recommend a risk syndrome diagnosis for general practice. The assessment of risk carries its own risks, including stigmatization and inappropriate treatment, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Heckers, S. Tags: Schizophrenia in Translation-Feature Editor: Thomas H. McGlashan Source Type: journals

Recovery as DiscoveryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This first person account describes recovery as discovery of new meanings and opportunities in life. It travels through a journey from illness to wellness, from darkness and despair to light and hope, from futility to fruitfulness, as well as, from a state of death and loss to new life. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Scotti, P. Tags: First Person Account Source Type: journals

Anticipating DSM-V: Should Psychosis Risk Become a Diagnostic Class?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carpenter, W. T. Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Genetic and Disorder-Specific Aspects of Resting State EEG Abnormalities in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We evaluated whether abnormal frequency composition of the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) in schizophrenia was associated with genetic liability for the disorder by studying first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients. The study included a data-driven method for defining EEG frequency components and determined the specificity of resting state EEG frequency abnormalities by assessing schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, and relatives of both patient groups. Schizophrenia patients and their relatives, but not bipolar patients or their relatives, exhibited increased high-frequency activ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Venables, N. C., Bernat, E. M., Sponheim, S. R. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Extended Visual Simultaneity Thresholds in Patients With SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the subjective evaluation of temporal structure using an experimental approach involving judgments of simultaneity of simple, visually presented stimuli. We included a priming procedure, ie, a subthreshold presentation of simultaneous or asynchronous stimuli. This allowed us to evaluate the effects of subthreshold synchrony and to check for bias effects, ie, changes in the criteria used by the subjects to rate the stimuli. Primes were adapted to the responses of the subjects. Bias effects were thus expected to yield a change in the efficiency of the prime and to induce a change in the amplitude of the priming e...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Giersch, A., Lalanne, L., Corves, C., Seubert, J., Shi, Z., Foucher, J., Elliott, M. A. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Errorless Learning for Training Individuals With Schizophrenia at a Community Mental Health Setting Providing Work ExperienceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of errorless learning (EL) on work performance, tenure, and personal well-being were compared with conventional job training in a community mental health fellowship club offering 12-week time-limited work experience. Participants were 40 clinically stable schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder outpatients randomly assigned to EL vs conventional instruction (CI) at a thrift-type clothing store. EL participants received training on how to perform their assigned job tasks based on principles of EL, such as error reduction and automation of task performance. CI participants received training common to other com...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kern, R. S., Liberman, R. P., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Sugar, C. A., Green, M. F. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Defeatist Beliefs as a Mediator of Cognitive Impairment, Negative Symptoms, and Functioning in SchizophreniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Poor social and vocational outcomes have long been observed in schizophrenia. Two of the most consistent predictors are negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. We investigate the hypothesis that cognitive content—defeatist beliefs regarding performance—provides a link between cognitive impairment, negative symptoms, and poor functioning in schizophrenia. A total of 77 individuals (55 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 22 healthy controls) participated in a cross-sectional study of psychopathology. Tests of memory, abstraction, attention, and processing speed, as well as cu...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Grant, P. M., Beck, A. T. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Cortical Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors Are a Common Site of Action for Antipsychotic Drugs--An Original Patient Data Meta-analysis of the SPECT and PET In Vivo Receptor Imaging LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Subject numbers in neuroreceptor imaging studies of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia are generally insufficient to directly test the relationship of regional D2/D3 and 5HT2A receptor binding to clinical efficacy. We selected positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies of antipsychotic dose vs occupancy at both temporal cortex and striatal D2/D3 receptors. We selected corresponding SPECT and PET studies of 5HT2A receptor occupancy. We also selected randomized double-blind clinical trials of antipsychotics, where patients were treated with randomly assigned fixed ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stone, J. M., Davis, J. M., Leucht, S., Pilowsky, L. S. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Dropout Rates in Randomized Clinical Trials of Antipsychotics: A Meta-analysis Comparing First- and Second-Generation Drugs and an Examination of the Role of Trial Design FeaturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dropout is often used as an outcome measure in clinical trials of antipsychotic medication. Previous research is inconclusive regarding (a) differences in dropout rates between first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications and (b) how trial design features reduce dropout. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antipsychotic medication was conducted to compare dropout rates for first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs and to examine how a broad range of design features effect dropout. Ninety-three RCTs that met inclusion criteria were located (n = 26 686). Meta-analytic random effects model...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rabinowitz, J., Levine, S. Z., Barkai, O., Davidov, O. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Subjective Experience of Cognitive Failures as Possible Risk Factor for Negative Symptoms of Psychosis in the General PopulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Proneness to subjective cognitive failure possibly contributes to the development or persistence of negative symptoms and can be seen as potential risk factor for negative symptoms of psychosis. This overlap is due to individual effects rather than familial liability. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pfeifer, S., van Os, J., Hanssen, M., Delespaul, P., Krabbendam, L. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Are Psychiatrist Characteristics Associated With Postdischarge Suicide of Schizophrenia Patients?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aims to identify the risk factors for suicide among schizophrenia patients in the 3-month postdischarge period. The study cohort comprised all patients with a principal diagnosis of schizophrenia discharged from psychiatric inpatient care from 2002 to 2004 who committed suicide within 90 days of discharge. The control cohort consisted of all surviving schizophrenia patients discharged from psychiatric inpatient care in the same period and were matched to cases for age, gender, and date of discharge. There were 87 and 348 cases in the study and control cohorts, respectively. For suicide cases, death most frequent...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lee, H.-C., Lin, H.-C. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Neuroleptic Drugs Revert the Contextual Fear Conditioning Deficit Presented by Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Animal Model of Emotional Context Processing in Schizophrenia?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present abnormalities in emotion processing. A previous study showed that the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a putative animal model of ADHD, present reduced contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The aim of the present study was to characterize the deficit in CFC presented by SHR. Adult male normotensive Wistar rats and SHR were submitted to the CFC task. Sensitivity of the animals to the shock and the CFC performance after repeated exposure to the task were investigated. Pharmacological characterization consisted in the evaluation o...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - June 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Calzavara, M. B., Medrano, W. A., Levin, R., Kameda, S. R., Andersen, M. L., Tufik, S., Silva, R. H., Frussa-Filho, R., Abilio, V. C. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals