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2010 Acta Materialia, Inc. Gold Medal AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Editors for Scripta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - November 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Formation of ultrafine nanoporous gold related to surface diffusion of gold adatoms during dealloying of Al2Au in an alkaline solutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nanoporous gold (NPG) with ultrafine ligaments/channels (less than 10nm) can be obtained by the dealloying of Al2Au in an alkaline solution at room temperature. The surface diffusivity of Au adatoms was evaluated as 2.1×10−23, 2.3×10−21 and 1.6×10−19m2s−1 for the dealloying at 253, 298 and 368K, respectively. The measurement of activation energy demonstrates that the formation and coarsening of NPG are governed by the Au diffusion at alloy/solution interfaces regardless of dealloying media. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 19, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zhonghua Zhang, Yan Wang, Yingzi Wang, Xiaoguang Wang, Zhen Qi, Hong Ji, Changchun Zhao Source Type: journals

An alternative way to derive the contact rule and phase boundary rules for multicomponent phase diagramsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the contact rule and phase boundary rules for multicomponent phase diagrams are derived from a geometric point of view, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the topological relations. The proposed formulas in this work differ slightly from those of Zhao, but can account for more geometric relations. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 16, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Yajun Liu, Lijun Zhang Source Type: journals

Pressureless sintering mechanisms and mechanical properties of hafnium diboride ceramics with pre-sintering heat treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A pressureless sintering process with two pre-sintering heat treatments was developed for the densification of HfB2. The use of two isothermal holdings, at 1650 and 2000°C, prior to the final sintering temperature (2200°C) proved to be more effective at removing oxygen impurities and rearranging the initial powder compact microstructure. The mechanical properties of HfB2 with 2wt.%B4C, including hardness (19.5GPa), E modulus (529GPa) and strength (469MPa), were comparable to hot-pressed samples or higher than the values using other sintering aids. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 16, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ji Zou, Guo-Jun Zhang, Yan-Mei Kan, Tatsuki Ohji Source Type: journals

Improvement in laser micromachinability of borosilicate glass by electric-field-assisted solid-state ion exchangeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to improve the laser machinability of borosilicate glass, copper ions were doped to the glass surface by electric-field-assisted solid-state ion-exchange method. The nanosecond ultraviolet laser irradiation of copper-containing regions produced flat, smooth and defect-free holes because of their high optical absorptions. However, the shapes of the holes were drastically degraded when the processed hole bottoms reached ion penetration depths. Therefore, well-designed and controlled ion distribution was necessary for the high-accuracy fabrication of microcomponents. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 16, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Souta Matsusaka, Takehiro Watanabe Source Type: journals

Experimental study of the microstructure and stress state of shot peened and surface mechanical attrition treated nickel alloysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The efficacies of shot peening (SP) and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) in inducing multiple changes in the microstructure and stress state of the workpiece are compared experimentally, for the first time, using depth-profile X-ray diffractometry. SMAT generates a thicker nanocrystalline surface layer, a deeper plastically deformed zone and a thicker surface region with larger residual compressive stresses than SP. These results can have important implications for improving the fatigue life and wear resistance of metals in the future. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 16, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Angel L. Ortiz, Jia-Wan Tian, Leon L. Shaw, Peter K. Liaw Source Type: journals

Achieving finer pores and ligaments in nanoporous palladium–nickel thin filmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nanoporous palladium nickel (np-PdNi) was produced by dealloying PdNi alloy thin films. The pore and ligament dimensions were reduced by 50% when surfactants were added to the sulfuric acid etching solution. Changes in film composition and biaxial film stress were used to track the dealloying evolution in the surfactant-modified etching solution. Ultrasonic agitation was also used to enhance dealloying and shortened the required time from 5h to 1h, while retaining a pore/ligament size of ∼5nm. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 15, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: W.-C. Li, T.J. Balk Source Type: journals

Phase stability and magnetic properties of Ni50Mn50−xInx Heusler-type alloysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The order–disorder transformation and the magnetic properties of Heusler-type Ni50Mn50−xInx ternary alloys were investigated. The B2/L21 order–disorder transformation temperatures are detected at about 800–1100K. In the alloys with the L21 structure, while the spontaneous magnetization at 4.2K monotonically decreases with increasing x, the Curie temperature is almost constant with x⩽25 and decreases linearly with x>25. This unique behavior is qualitatively explained by the concept of local magnetic moment of Mn atoms. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 15, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: T. Miyamoto, W. Ito, R.Y. Umetsu, R. Kainuma, T. Kanomata, K. Ishida Source Type: journals

Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell by utilizing carbon nanotube counter electrodeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by applying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the counter electrode using two different methods: screen printing and chemical vapor deposition. When the highly purified and aligned CNTs were used as the counter electrode, a conversion efficiency of DSSCs of over 10% was recorded. This CNT-deposited counter electrode shows a higher photoconversion efficiency than CNT-printed and Pt-coated electrodes under the same experimental conditions. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 15, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jung Gyu Nam, Young Jun Park, Bum Sung Kim, Jai Sung Lee Source Type: journals

Concentration characteristics of diffusion-induced recrystallization in Cu/CuAu multilayers of varying lattice mismatchEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the lattice mismatch between initial diffusion partners is systematically varied. It is demonstrated that the intermediate concentrations shift parallel to the concentration of the initial layers. Thus, the characteristic compositions are controlled by the requirement of a characteristic lattice mismatch between parent layer and new grain rather than by metastable phases or highest chemical driving forces. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 15, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: B. Kruse, D. Baither, G. Schmitz Source Type: journals

Oxalate-induced hydrothermal synthesis of CePO4:Tb nanowires with enhanced photoluminescenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hexagonal CePO4 nanowires with a high aspect ratio were controllably synthesized through an oxalate-induced hydrothermal route. The hexagonal CePO4 and CePO4:Tb nanowires exhibited highly enhanced photoluminescence. The organic ligand oxalate was found to play a role for the oriented growth of the nanowires, as well as the structure evolution. The synthesis of nanostructured CePO4 with hexagonal and monoclinic structures was controlled by varying the molar ratios. A formation mechanism of the morphology and crystal structure was proposed. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 15, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jinrong Bao, Ranbo Yu, Jiayun Zhang, Dan Wang, Jinxia Deng, Jun Chen, Xianran Xing Source Type: journals

Effect of hydrogen on plastic strain localization in single crystals of austenitic stainless steelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tensile tests accompanied with on-line in situ field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy observations were performed to study hydrogen effects on plastic strain localization in the form of slip lines in single crystals of austenitic stainless steel. It was found that the slip lines on the hydrogen-charged specimens were markedly shorter and more grouped together than the straight slip lines on the hydrogen-free specimens. Hydrogen thermal desorption and positron annihilation spectroscopy were applied to study the combined effect of hydrogen and plastic deformation on excessive generation of vacancies. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 12, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Y. Yagodzinskyy, T. Saukkonen, S. Kilpeläinen, F. Tuomisto, H. Hänninen Source Type: journals

Contribution of grain boundary sliding in low-temperature superplasticity of ultrafine-grained aluminum alloysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ultrafine-grained (0.6μm) Al–Mg–Sc alloy with predominant high-angle boundaries was produced by friction stir processing. A superplastic elongation of 210% was obtained at 175°C, and the optimum strain rate and maximum elongation increased with increasing temperature. Marker lines were scratched on the polished specimen surfaces using a nano-indenter to measure grain boundary sliding (GBS) offsets during deformation, which indicated that the GBS contribution to the strain exceeded 50% at 175°C and increased with increases in strain and temperature. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 12, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: F.C. Liu, Z.Y. Ma Source Type: journals

Editors for Scripta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Erratum to ‘‘Structural and ferroelectric properties of solid-state derived carbonate-free barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoscale particles” [Scripta Materialia 61 (2009) 891–894]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Equation (1) on page 892 is incorrect, the arrow on the right shifted from first row to second row. The correct equation appears below: (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - October 5, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: A.C. Roy, D. Mohanta Source Type: journals

Formation of superabundant vacancies in nano-Pd–H generated by high-pressure torsionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Samples of partially hydrogenated palladium were heavily deformed at low homologous temperatures by means of high-pressure torsion and subsequently investigated by differential scanning calorimetry along with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results provide for the first time clear evidence for the formation of vacancy–hydrogen complexes from deformation-induced vacancies and for enhanced thermal stability of the nanostructure achieved under such conditions. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 25, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: M. Krystian, D. Setman, B. Mingler, G. Krexner, M.J. Zehetbauer Source Type: journals

In situ surface investigation of austenitic stainless steel in nitric acid medium using electrochemical atomic force microscopyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical atomic force microscope, the surface morphology of austenitic stainless steel has been investigated with the aim of understanding the passive film property in nitric acid medium. It has been found that passive film consists of platelet-like structures with a moiré pattern at lower concentrations (0.1,0.5M); at higher concentrations (0.6,1M) the platelet-like structures disappear, revealing the grain boundary structure. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 25, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: N. Padhy, S. Ningshen, U. Kamachi Mudali, Baldev Raj Source Type: journals

Effect of residual stress on recrystallization behavior of mechanically alloyed steelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents a finite element modeling analysis of deformation on iron-base mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened alloy by spherical indentations (Brinell test). Results of the model are used to interpret the role of residual shear stresses on the development of recrystallized grain structure and the temperature at which recrystallization occurs. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 23, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: I. Toda-Caraballo, J. Chao, L.E. Lindgren, C. Capdevila Source Type: journals

Elastic modulus of Ti–6Al–4V–xB alloys with B up to 0.55wt.%Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An anomalous variation in the experimental elastic modulus, E, of Ti–6Al–4V–xB (with x up to 0.55wt.%) is reported. Volume fractions and moduli of the constituent phases were measured using microscopy and nanoindentation, respectively. These were used in simple micromechanical models to examine if the E values could be rationalized. Experimental E values higher than the upper bound estimates suggest complex interplay between microstructural modifications, induced by the addition of B, and properties. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 23, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Indrani Sen, U. Ramamurty Source Type: journals

On the microstructure of the Cu65Zr35 and Cu35Zr65 metallic glassesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report on the microstructure of Cu65Zr35 and Cu35Zr65 metallic glasses (MGs). We found that the systems consist of small touching and/or interpenetrating icosahedral-like clusters that obey a simple rule, which is dictated from the system’s composition, eventually yielding a microstructure of polyicosahedral clusters that follow a specific sequence of magic numbers. The approach permits the prediction of the basic MG microstructure and may thus be of use for the experimental data interpretation and the design of new MGs. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 22, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: G.A. Almyras, Ch.E. Lekka, N. Mattern, G.A. Evangelakis Source Type: journals

Synthesis of bulk quantity BN nanotubes with uniform morphologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bulk quantity hexagonal BN nanotubes (h-BNNTs) with uniform morphology were synthesized via an improved ball-milling and annealing method. The sample was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The results show that the fabricated BNNTs have a uniform diameter ranging from 80 to 100nm and a length of about 50–60μm. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 22, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: G. Wen, T. Zhang, X.X. Huang, B. Zhong, X.D. Zhang, H.M. Yu Source Type: journals

Growth kinetics and size distribution of intermetallic compound grains in soldering reaction based on separate measurements of grain radius and heightEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A phase-field simulation was employed to estimate the kinetics and size distribution of the intermetallic compound grains in terms of separately measured grain radius and height. The grain height was rather uniform and had a distribution curve with a narrow sharp peak, not following the grain radius distribution only slightly deviated from the flux-driven ripening model. It was also demonstrated that the cross-sectional grain height was smaller and had a broader distribution than the actual grain height. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 18, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hee-Soo Kim, Yong Sun Won, Young Hoon Kwak Source Type: journals

Magnesium alloy micro-truss materialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study developed a lost foam casting approach to fabricate Mg alloy micro-truss materials for the first time. Mechanical properties were evaluated in uniaxial compression and it was found that the peak compressive strength was controlled by the maximum shear stress that could be supported by the cellular struts. Significantly higher specific strengths were achieved than what has been previously reported for conventional Mg and Mg alloy foams. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 18, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: S. Ho, C. Ravindran, G.D. Hibbard Source Type: journals

Editors for Scripta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Improved thermal stability and ductility of flux-treated Pd40Ni40Si4P16 BMGEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper, we report on significantly enhanced plasticity in addition to improvement of thermal stability in Pd40Ni40Si4P16 bulk metallic glass (BMG) by flux treatment. With fluxing, the plastic strain was remarkably enhanced from approximately 3% to up to 52%, which likely correlates with a larger volume of shear transformation zones. It is suggested that the flux treatment is not only a good approach to improve the thermal stability but may be a promising way to enhance the plasticity of BMGs. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: N. Chen, D. Pan, D.V. Louzguine-Luzgin, G.Q. Xie, M.W. Chen, A. Inoue Source Type: journals

Enhanced mechanical properties in a Zr-based metallic glass caused by deformation-induced nanocrystallizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bulk metallic glass with composition Zr62Cu18Ni10Al10 exhibits high yield stress, large elasticity and large plasticity when compressed. During nanoindentation, strain hardening is observed until the maximum applied load reaches 100mN; for higher maximum loads the typical softening found in metallic glasses is evidenced. Transmission electron microscopy observation of the nanoindented and compressed samples reveals the occurrence of deformation-induced nanocrystallization, which is likely to be related to the mechanical properties observed in this alloy. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: J. Fornell, E. Rossinyol, S. Suriñach, M.D. Baró, W.H. Li, J. Sort Source Type: journals

Twin boundary nucleation and motion in Ni–Mn–Ga magnetic shape memory material with a low twinning stressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The twin boundary motion in the Ni–Mn–Ga single crystal 10M martensite magnetic shape memory material was studied by mechanical twinning stress and magnetic measurements at ambient temperature. The compressive stress required to trigger the movement of the twin boundaries was higher in the sample with the single variant state than in that with the multivariant state. Magnetometer measurements confirmed that the energy needed to move the twin boundaries in a high-quality single crystal 10M Ni–Mn–Ga is lower than that for the nucleation of a twin boundary. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ilkka Aaltio, Outi Söderberg, Yanling Ge, Simo-Pekka Hannula Source Type: journals

Stability of austenite and quasi-adiabatic heating during high-strain-rate deformation of twinning-induced plasticity steelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two twinning-induced plasticity steels have been investigated for their high-strain-rate deformation behaviour. The stability of austenite is low at lower strain rates, but high when high-strain-rate deformation is used. The stability has been attributed due to the temperature rise during high-strain-rate deformation leading to dynamic recrystallization in the material. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Puspendu Sahu, Sven Curtze, Arpan Das, B. Mahato, Veli-Tapani Kuokkala, Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury Source Type: journals

Dissolved Si in Mo and its effects on the properties of Mo–Si–B alloysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Si concentration in the Mo solid solution in ternary Mo-rich Mo–Si–B alloys was measured at room temperature and significantly higher levels than those previously reported were documented. Annealing at 1200 and 800°C failed to produce any decrease in the Si level in solid solution, a consequence of sluggish diffusion kinetics. Measurements confirmed a continuous increase in microhardness of the solid-solution phase with the measured Si level; the results are helpful in rationalizing the high-temperature strength in multiphase alloys. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 14, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: P. Jain, K.S. Kumar Source Type: journals

Oxidation-resistant Ti–90Al coatings with lotus effect surface morphology deposited on a γ-TiAl alloyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ti–90Al (in at.%) coatings were deposited on Ti–45Al–8Nb alloy at two different temperatures, 300 and 540°C. The coating sputtered at 300°C consisted of Al and TiAl3 with columnar grain structure. The morphology, chemical composition and microstructure of the coating sputtered at 540°C were strongly dependent on the substrate microstructure. The two coating variants formed oxidation-resistant Al2O3 scales during oxidation. The special morphological features of the coatings make them interesting for geometrically structuring the surfaces to provoke the lotus effect. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 13, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: P. Zhang, A. Flores-Renteria, E. Wild, W. Reimers, C. Leyens Source Type: journals

High creep resistance behavior of the casting Al–Cu alloy modified by LaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The creep resistance of casting Al–Cu alloy modified with La is almost 3–5 times higher than that of the unmodified one. La addition results in the formation of (i) Al11La3 phases in the grain boundaries and (ii) spaces among the dendrites in the modified casting Al–Cu alloy. The Al11La3 phases exhibit good thermal stability, inhibiting grain boundary migration and dislocation movement during the creep process. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dongming Yao, Wengui Zhao, Hailong Zhao, Feng Qiu, Qichuan Jiang Source Type: journals

Non-equal channel angular pressing of aluminum alloyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Strain history, microstructure and texture were studied in an aluminum alloy processed by the recently proposed process of non-equal channel angular pressing (NECAP). Comparison with alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been performed. A much finer microstructure was obtained in NECAP, showing that in this modified ECAP test the grain-refinement process was more efficient. The results indicate that the NECAP test has some interesting features that may be of interest for further research. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: László S. Tóth, Rimma Lapovok, Arman Hasani, Chengfan Gu Source Type: journals

Modelling the strength of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline fcc metalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A model for predicting the steady-state flow stress in ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline face-centred cubic metals based on irreversible thermodynamics is presented. Grain size, temperature and strain-rate effects are incorporated. Nanoscale effects are accounted for via dislocation propagation and annihilation mechanisms invoking an Orowan-type dislocation glide mechanism, and a vacancy-mediated annihilation mechanism at the interface, respectively. Model predictions show good agreement with experiments for pure Cu and Al. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 9, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mingxin Huang, Pedro E.J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Olivier Bouaziz, Sybrand van der Zwaag Source Type: journals

One-pot synthesis of multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle incorporated with zinc(II) phthalocyanine and iron oxideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles incorporating zinc(II) phthalocyanine and Fe3O4 (ZnPc/Fe3O4/MSN) were synthesized via a simple one-pot procedure. The nanoparticles showed appropriate magnetic and optical characteristics for both magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy. The ZnPc/Fe3O4/MSN also offered the possibility of the controlled release of drugs. The change in the surface and pore structure that result from the presence of Fe3O4 and zinc(II) phthalocyanine modified the drug release kinetics beneficially. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hyun-Jong Kim, Kyoung-Jin Shin, M.K. Han, Kyongjun An, Joon-Kyun Lee, Itaru Honma, Hansung Kim Source Type: journals

Intergranular segregation of Cr in Ti-stabilized low-Cr ferritic stainless steelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The precipitation and segregation phenomenon in a type 409L Ti-stabilized 11wt.% Cr ferritic stainless steel has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and a laser-assisted three-dimensional atom probe. In solution-treated and aged specimens, a strong segregation and consequent depletion of Cr was observed, as well as segregation of C and Ti atoms along the grain boundary. The reason for the Cr segregation and the way to avoid such segregation is discussed. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jeong Kil Kim, Byeong-Joo Lee, Bong Ho Lee, Yeong Ho Kim, Kyoo Young Kim Source Type: journals

Low programming input, direct overwrite and synchronous phase-change random access memory (SPRAM)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The programming inputs for phase-change random access memories (PRAMs) can be significantly reduced by using voltage pulse for RESET (Vreset) and current pulse for SET (Iset) for different structures. Based upon two-dimensional electrothermal simulations, the PRAM cells can be operated by Vreset and Iset pulses of 50ns at amplitudes as low as 0.27V and 35μA, respectively. The direct overwrite function can be achieved under this mode, and extra asynchronous suspending circuits are not needed. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Yung-Sung Hsu, Yung-Chiun Her Source Type: journals

Effects of substrate curvature on dealloying of nanoporous thin filmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Co-sputtered AuPdAg alloy films on flat and curved substrates were investigated to determine the effects of substrate curvature on dealloying and microstructure of nanoporous (np) AuPd. Ligament morphology, film cracking and composition were significantly different for np-AuPd in concave vs. convex film regions. Convex substrate curvature led to extensive film cracking, wide and high aspect ratio ligaments, and low residual Ag content. This is attributed to a more tensile stress state that enhances the dissolution rate of Ag. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wen-Chung Li, T. John Balk Source Type: journals

The post-deformation recrystallization behaviour of magnesium alloy Mg–3Al–1ZnEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interrupted hot compression tests are employed to examine the kinetics of recrystallization in magnesium alloy Mg–3Al–1Zn. It is found that recrystallization results in an increase in the flow stress encountered in subsequent deformation. The increase in flow stress is used to infer the fraction of recrystallization and empirical equations are developed to describe the kinetics. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 6, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: A.G. Beer, M.R. Barnett Source Type: journals

Estimation of three-dimensional mean dihedral angle in a W–Ni–Fe alloy liquid-phase sintered in microgravityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The three-dimensional mean dihedral angle of impinging W grains is estimated in a 50wt.% W–35wt.% Ni–15wt.% Fe alloy liquid-phase sintered in microgravity at 1500°C for times ranging from 1 to 600min using unbiased stereology and automated image analysis. The estimated mean dihedral angles are in the range 50±3°. The mean dihedral angle does not vary significantly with the liquid-phase sintering time, although the mean intercept size of the W grains increases almost by a factor of 5. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: W.B. Goodwin, M. Bharadwaj, Y. Mao, A.M. Gokhale, A. Gurumurthy, R.M. German Source Type: journals

Degradable Sr-based bulk metallic glassesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a family of Sr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with good glass-forming ability and many unique properties, such as ultralow glass transition temperature Tg, elastic moduli and less fragility than known BMGs. The Tg of Sr60Li11Mg9Zn20 BMG is at room temperature (∼299K). Remarkably, the BMGs have tunable degradation behavior in water and the corrosion rate can be controlled by simply minor alloying, so that the full degradation time can be effectively modulated from minutes to more than weeks. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: K. Zhao, J.F. Li, D.Q. Zhao, M.X. Pan, W.H. Wang Source Type: journals

Micromechanisms of plastic deformation of a dendrite/Zr-based bulk-metallic-glass compositeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A dendrite/bulk-metallic-glass composite with a composition of Zr58.5Ti14.3Nb5.2Cu6.1Ni4.9Be11.0 exhibits room-temperature plasticity and a work-hardening capacity upon compressive loading. The improved plastic deformation is mainly characterized by the multiplication of shear bands. Severe lattice distortion and local amorphization in the dendrites, as well as pile-ups of dislocations close to the interface between the dendrites and the glass matrix upon straining, are jointly responsible for the accommodation of plastic strains and work hardening, which constitute the micromechanisms of the plastic deformation. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: J.W. Qiao, Y. Zhang, P.K. Liaw, G.L. Chen Source Type: journals

2010 Acta Materialia Materials and Society AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Editors for Scripta MaterialiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 3, 2009 Category: Materials Science Source Type: journals

Tensile mechanical properties and failure behaviors with the ductile-to-brittle transition of the α+β-type Mg–Li–Al–Zn alloyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study focuses on investigating the tensile mechanical properties and failures of the α+β two-phase Mg–10.3Li–2.4Al–0.7Zn (wt.%) alloy at testing temperatures from −25 to 250°C. The tensile stresses and elongations are sensitive to the deformation temperatures. A significant ductile-to-brittle transition temperature is recognized at about 50°C. The failures, which occurred from brittle fracture with evident cleavage to ductile dimpled ruptures, is related to the transition of slip systems with increasing temperatures and the cavitation between α/β-phase interface. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 2, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chung-Wei Yang, Truan-Sheng Lui, Li-Hui Chen, Hau-En Hung Source Type: journals

Determination of volume self-diffusivities in ultrafine-grained metals using neutron reflectometryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Self-diffusion experiments based on neutron reflectometry and isotope multilayers in ultrafine-grained copper have been reported. The capability of this method to determine diffusion lengths in the order of 1nm enables the measurement of volume diffusivities in the type B kinetic regime identical to previously published data on single crystals. Such results are difficult to achieve by classical methods of diffusivity determination, such as the radiotracer method, due to limitations of the depth resolution. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 2, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: S. Chakravarty, E. Hüger, H. Schmidt, M. Horisberger, J. Stahn, N.P. Lalla Source Type: journals

Crack appearance of single-crystal nickel-base superalloys after thermomechanical fatigue failureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) testing was conducted on single-crystal nickel-base superalloys. Distinct cracking behaviors were found to occur under different cycling conditions. A crack generally initiates from the specimen surface. For the TMF cycling without a compressive hold time, the crack initially grows perpendicular to the stress axis and then propagates along a twin plate. For the TMF cycling with a compressive hold time, the main crack propagates directly along a twin plate until final failure. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 2, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: J.X. Zhang, H. Harada, Y. Koizumi, T. Kobayashi Source Type: journals

Influence of CO2 on Ba0.2Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ at elevated temperaturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A potential high-performance solid oxide fuel cell cathode material, Ba0.2Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. As atmospheric CO2 may degrade its cathodic performance, the reaction of this material to different gas atmospheres was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Powder particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and the formation of a carbonate layer was found. (Source: Scripta Materialia)
Source: Scripta Materialia - September 2, 2009 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zhèn Yáng, Ashley S. Harvey, Ludwig J. Gauckler Source Type: journals