Introduction, Dermatology, Data, and Informatics.
Authors: Novoa RA PMID: 31051016 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Bioinformatic applications in psoriasis: genetics, transcriptomics, and microbiomics.
Authors: Parad JE, Liao W Abstract Bioinformatics uses computationally intensive approaches to make sense of complex biological data sets. Here we review the role of bioinformatics in 3 areas of biology: genetics, transcriptomics, and microbiomics. Examples of bioinformatics in each area are given with respect to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, related inflammatory disorders at the forefront of bioinformatic research in dermatology. While bioinformatic technologies and analyses have traditionally been developed and deployed in siloes, the field of integrative omics is on the horizon. Powered by the adve...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Skinomics, transcriptional profiling approaches to molecular and structural biology of epidermis.
Authors: Blumenberg M Abstract Skinomics is a field of bioinformatics applied specifically to skin biology and, by extension, to dermatology. Skinomics has been expanding into extensive genome-wide association studies, eg, of psoriasis, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, and the studies of the microbiome. Here, the current state of the field of transcriptomics is reviewed, including the studies of the gene expression in human skin under several healthy and disease conditions. Specifically, transcriptional studies of epidermal differentiation, skin aging, effects of cytokines, inflammation ...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Pharmacogenomics in dermatology: tools for understanding gene-drug associations.
Authors: Daneshjou R, Huddart R, Klein TE, Altman RB Abstract Pharmacogenomics aims to associate human genetic variability with differences in drug phenotypes in order to tailor drug treatment to individual patients. The massive amount of genetic data generated from large cohorts of patients with variable drug phenotypes have led to advances in this field. Understanding the application of pharmacogenomics in dermatology could inform clinical practice and provide insight for future research. The Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium are among the resourc...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Information technologies in health care delivery and policy: giant steps and missteps.
This article reviews the history of these changes, the regulations that drove these changes, the intended and unintended consequences of these initiatives, and our insights into the appropriate roles for policy and regulation to drive positive change. PMID: 31051020 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Artificial intelligence and dermatology: opportunities, challenges, and future directions.
Authors: Schlessinger DI, Chhor G, Gevaert O, Swetter SM, Ko J, Novoa RA Abstract The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to medicine has considerable potential within dermatology, where the majority of diagnoses are based on visual pattern recognition. Opportunities for AI in dermatology include the potential to automate repetitive tasks; optimize time-consuming tasks; extend limited medical resources; improve interobserver reliability issues; and expand the diagnostic toolbox of dermatologists. To achieve the full potential of AI, however, developers must aim to create algorithms representing div...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

The role of public challenges and data sets towards algorithm development, trust, and use in clinical practice.
Authors: Rotemberg V, Halpern A, Dusza S, Codella NC Abstract In the past decade, machine learning and artificial intelligence have made significant advancements in pattern analysis, including speech and natural language processing, image recognition, object detection, facial recognition, and action categorization. Indeed, in many of these applications, accuracy has reached or exceeded human levels of performance. Subsequently, a multitude of studies have begun to examine the application of these technologies to health care, and in particular, medical image analysis. Perhaps the most difficult subdomain in...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Digital imaging applications and informatics in dermatology.
Authors: Giuste F, Vizcarra JC, Gutman DA Abstract In this chapter, we present the use of whole slide imaging (WSI) and dermoscopy in the field of dermatology. Image digitization has allowed for increasing computer-assisted clinical decision-making. An introduction to common digital imaging data sources such as WSI and dermoscopy is provided. We also review some commonly used image quantification methods and their potential applications in dermatology. Finally, we review how machine learning approaches utilize novel large dermatology image datasets. PMID: 31051023 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Sem...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

MoleMapper: an application for crowdsourcing mole images to advance melanoma early-detection research.
Authors: Petrie T, Samatham R, Goodyear SM, Webster DE, Leachman SA Abstract Advancements in smartphone technologies and the use of specialized health care applications offer an exciting new era to promote melanoma awareness to the public and improve education and prevention strategies. These applications also afford an opportunity to power meaningful research aimed at improving image diagnostics and early melanoma detection. Here, we summarize our experience associated with developing and managing the implementation of MoleMapperâ„¢, a research-based application that not only provides an efficient way for...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Emerging technologies for health information in dermatology: opportunities and drawbacks of web-based searches, social media, mobile applications, and direct-to-consumer genetic testing in patient care.
Authors: Jia JL, Polin DJ, Sarin KY Abstract Emerging technology is fundamentally changing how individuals interact with the health care system. Web-based searches, mobile applications, social media, and directto- consumer genetic testing companies are facilitating information exchange at a higher rate than ever before, creating a macroscopic shift in the mechanisms by which individuals seek health information. The visual nature of skin disease enables individuals to browse, share, and search based on images, adding another dimension to how dermatological information is transferred. These trends carry impo...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Introduction, High-Risk Skin Cancer.
Authors: Yu SS PMID: 31051026 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Atypical Fibroxanthoma.
Authors: Chapman LW, Yu SS, Arron ST Abstract Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a dermal spindle-cell sarcoma that is considered a superficial and clinically benign presentation of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. AFX appears clinically as a discrete red or pink nodule or papule, most commonly on the head and neck region of sun-damaged elderly patients. Histologic findings on routine hematoxylin and eosin staining reveal spindle-shaped, large, and pleomorphic tumor cells throughout the dermis. Immunohistochemistry is not specific for AFX, a...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Systemic therapy for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Fitzgerald K, Tsai KK Abstract The incidence of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing; of the 1.3 million nonmelanoma skin cancers that arise each year, approximately 20% are cSCC, and between 2-5% of these cases ultimately metastasize. However, there is no established consensus on first-line systemic treatment for those patients who have locally advanced or metastatic disease. Major classes of systemic agents include chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy; each is associated with a distinct set of adverse effects, and av...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - May 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

ALIGN PsA: Advancing a Multidisciplinary Approach in PsA.
Authors: Baum EW, Schwartzman S Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that is associated with several comorbidities and co-manifestations that reduce patient quality of life. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a form of spondyloarthritis that is associated with psoriasis and typically involves peripheral disease, axial disease, enthesitis, dactylitis, and skin and nail lesions. Psoriatic arthritis is associated with a substantial psychosocial and functional burden and can lead to irreversible joint damage if left untreated. Early and accurate diagnosis of PsA is critical. The symptoms of PsA span the fi...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - January 5, 2019 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research

Device-based treatment for vaginal wellness.
Authors: Alexiades M Abstract Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), encompassing the disorders of atrophic vaginitis, urinary incontinence, and pelvic prolapse, affects the majority of postmenopausal women, as well as patients who are undergoing breast cancer treatement, post-ovarectomy, post-radiation, and breast-feeding. There is a need for better treatment options for these common conditions that adversely affect physical function and quality of life and that are often underserved by existing options. Lasers have been used to treat genitourinary tissue for over 40 years, and over the past decade, s...
Source: Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery - November 28, 2018 Category: Dermatology Tags: Semin Cutan Med Surg Source Type: research