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Author and keyword indexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - October 26, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Title Page/Aims and Scope/Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - October 26, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Epidemiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: First described more than 40 years ago, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most serious and vexing challenges in the care of very preterm infants. Affecting approximately one-quarter of infants born (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 28, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Linda J. Van Marter Source Type: journals

Prologue: Advances in Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been 42 years since our first published report of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); it is still a problem for premature infants. The original goal of using mechanical ventilation to treat premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure was to decrease the significant mortality. During the ensuing decades, a decrease in mortality has indeed occurred. Once recognized, it was hoped that a reduction of supplemental oxygen concentrations and ventilatory pressure would eliminate or decrease the incidence of BPD. This has, for the most part, been achieved in the 33 week gestational age infants ...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 25, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: William H. Northway Source Type: journals

Long-term outcomes of bronchopulmonary dysplasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: As more very preterm infants survive, more survivors will have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Children with BPD have higher rates of cognitive, educational and behavioural impairments, and also reduced lung function, through childhood and into early life than would normally be expected. The importance of these neurological and respiratory problems later into adult life needs to be determined. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 22, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lex W. Doyle, Peter J. Anderson Source Type: journals

Ventilatory management and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Improvements in antenatal and neonatal care have resulted in increased survival of very preterm infants. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not changed, probably as a consequence of a demographic shift. The underlying pathophysiology of BPD appears to differ for the current population of preterm infants compared to that described by Northway et al., and management strategies should be targeted to limit ventilator-induced lung injury. Non-invasive respiratory support techniques are currently under evaluation, but results of the trials have thus far failed to show a reduction in BPD. Thi...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 18, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Samir Gupta, Sunil K. Sinha, Steven M. Donn Source Type: journals

Announcement: The Organizing Committee of the Global Congress of Maternal and infant health (Barcelona, September 22-26, 2010)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 11, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current decade represents a period of renewed and intense interest in focal brain lesions of the newborn. Therefore it is timely and appropriate to compile a series of papers on Perinatal Stroke into an issue of SFNM. The editors' intent has been to provide practical reviews on the major topics of interest in perinatal stroke to inform the practicing neonatologist, paediatric radiologist and even the obstetrician. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 11, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Luc Cornette, Gabrielle deVeber, Paul Govaert Source Type: journals

Title Page/Aims and Scope/Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 11, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Drug therapies in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: debunking the mythsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease (CLD), is one of the most challenging complications in premature infants. The incidence of BPD has been increasing over the past two decades in parallel with an improvement in the survival of this population. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics and the natural history of infants affected by BPD have changed considerably, and newer definitions to clarify the term ‘BPD’ have also evolved since its first description more than four decades ago. Several drug therapies have also evolved, either to manage these infants' respiratory distress sy...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 11, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Win Tin, Thomas E. Wiswell Source Type: journals

The ‘new’ bronchopulmonary dysplasia: challenges and commentaryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Lung development is orchestrated by highly integrated morphogenic programs of interrelated patterns of gene and protein expression. Injury to the developing lung in the canalicular and saccular phases of lung development alters subsequent alveolar and vascular development resulting in simplified alveolar structures, dysmorphic capillary configuration, variable interstitial cellularity and fibroproliferation that are characteristic of the ‘new’ bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Fetal and neonatal infection, abnormal stretch of the developing airways and alveoli, altered expression of surfactant proteins (or gen...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 11, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: T. Allen Merritt, Douglas D. Deming, Bruce R. Boynton Source Type: journals

End of life decisions in chronic lung diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Staff may be reluctant to discuss end of life decisions in chronic lung disease (CLD) as it is usual for the disease to take a prolonged course and most infants recover to be discharged home without supplemental oxygen. A minority suffer a protracted and very severe illness in spite of treatments. Further intensive care may prolong a distressing death rather than offer any hope of survival. An end of life decision may be made after discussions with parents. Assisted ventilation may be withdrawn, or care redirected to withhold further episodes of assisted ventilation. A lingering death is a risk in infants who have...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 7, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Malcolm Chiswick Source Type: journals

Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of strategies to reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), including use of medications, nutritional therapies, and respiratory care practices. Unfortunately, most of these strategies have not been successful. To date, the only two treatments developed specifically to prevent BPD whose efficacy is supported by evidence from randomized, controlled trials are the parenteral administration of vitamin A and corticosteroids. Two other therapies, the use of caffeine for the treatment of apnea of prematurity and aggressive phototherapy for the treatm...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 7, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Matthew M. Laughon, P. Brian Smith, Carl Bose Source Type: journals

Prenatal factors in the development of chronic lung diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Chronic lung disease (CLD), defined as chronic oxygen dependency, is a common outcome of neonatal intensive care. It occurs most frequently in infants born very prematurely, but also in infants born at term who had severe lung disease and those with abnormal antenatal lung growth due particularly to reduction in fetal breathing movements, amniotic fluid volume or intrathoracic space. There are, however, other causes and the importance of antenatal infection/inflammation regarding impairment of antenatal lung growth is increasingly recognised. Affected infants can suffer chronic respiratory morbidity including an e...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 7, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Anne Greenough Source Type: journals

EditorialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the myriad of advances in neonatal intensive care in the more than 40 years since Prof. Northway and colleagues first coined the term “bronchopulmonary dysplasia” to describe the aftermath of neonatal mechanical ventilation, the incidence of chronic lung disease has not appreciably changed. Approximately 30–40% of infants weighing less than 1500g at birth sustain chronic lung disease, even with the advent of antenatal corticosteroid treatment, surfactant replacement therapy, and sophisticated techniques for both non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. What has changed, however, is the demographic co...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 7, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Steven M. Donn, Sunil K. Sinha Source Type: journals

Corrigendum to: “Normal and abnormal maternal metabolism during pregnancy” [Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 14 (2009) 66–71]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been brought to the authors' attention that there was an error in figure 4 of this published paper. The correct version of figure 4 is reproduced below. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 26, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: David R. Hadden, Ciara McLaughlin Source Type: journals

Chronic lung disease of prematurity: A short historyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) is commonly considered to be a consequence of assisted ventilation. However, prior to the description in 1967 of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), following ventilator therapy for respiratory distress syndrome, Wilson–Mikity syndrome (WMS) had been described in very preterm infants on minimal oxygen supplementation. In the 1970s and 1980s, many infants treated with assisted ventilation required prolonged mechanical ventilation after developing radiographic features of coarse infiltrates, severe hyperinflation, and microcystic changes, associated with hypercarbemia and th...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 21, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Alistair G.S. Philip Source Type: journals

Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is an uncommon condition among paediatric patients involving major sinuses, with a preponderant occurrence in neonates. The clinical presentation is unspecific, either early, within 48h from birth, or later. An early presentation may be accompanied by several comorbidities (respiratory distress, poor tone, fetal distress, asphyxia), whereas a later presentation is more often associated with conventional neurological signs such as seizures, lethargy, apnoea and poor feeding. These differences in clinical presentation render the neuroradiological diagnosis difficult, in particul...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 20, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Luca A. Ramenghi, Paul Govaert, Monica Fumagalli, Laura Bassi, Fabio Mosca Source Type: journals

Diagnostic management of neonatal strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: In this paper the clinical presentation of neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke (NAIS) and neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (NCSVT) is briefly summarised; then a structured hierarchical diagnostic flow is proposed to discern clinical phenotypes underlying neonatal (ischaemic as well as haemorrhagic) stroke. The diagnostic flow proposed following clinical detection or chance imaging finding is an initial step towards standardisation of the mechanisms leading to stroke. For NAIS the sequence is: infection, trauma, embolism, arteriopathy, other, primary thrombosis and unclassified; for NCSVT the sequence is: inf...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Paul Govaert, Liesbeth Smith, Jeroen Dudink Source Type: journals

Sonographic stroke templatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: This chapter provides arterial and venous stroke templates, designed with neonatal brain ultrasound as the viewpoint and adult stroke templates as the basis. Images change with maturation of the stages of infarction: swelling, necrosis, organisation and tissue loss. Adult templates permit recognition of well-delineated stroke types observed in the newborn brain. All circle of Willis arteries can be involved, as can their perforator branches. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) truncal stroke (anterior or posterior) is an important entity, with different prognosis than complete MCA stroke. Knowledge of these templates als...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Paul Govaert Source Type: journals

Neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke: obstetric issuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) is increasingly recognised as an important cause of neurological morbidity in children. The aetiology remains unclear although perinatal risk factors have been identified from limited case series. Risk factors for PAIS in term infants are different from those in preterm infants. Maternal primiparity, infertility, cocaine use, prothrombotic disorders, prolonged rupture of membranes, abnormal cardiotocograph, instrumental deliveries and emergency caesarean sections are reported risk factors in term infants. Uncomplicated vaginal delivery and prelabour caesarean section are ...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Jeanie L.Y. Cheong, Frances M. Cowan Source Type: journals

Etiology and treatment of perinatal stroke; a role for prothrombotic coagulation factors?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article is an overview of studies of prothrombotic risk factors in both neonatal arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Although prothrombotic coagulation factors are present in more than half of the cases, we conclude that they most likely play a minor role in the pathogenesis of perinatal stroke. Current therapeutic guidelines focusing on thrombosis are based on expert opinion and recommend low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin for cardioembolic arterial ischemic stroke, antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy for recurrent arterial ischemic stroke, and low molecular weight heparin or un...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 9, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: M.H. Cnossen, C.H. van Ommen, I.M. Appel Source Type: journals

Prenatal strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe established prenatal stroke in subgroups similar to postnatal stroke: arterial (forebrain or hindbrain) infarction, venous thrombosis, primary lobar haemorrhage. This longitudinal classification should facilitate the study of risk factors and mechanisms. Forebrain lesions of arterial type present as porencephaly, (hemi)hydranencephaly, multicystic encephalopathy or schizencephaly. Venous prenatal forebrain stroke presents as simple porencephaly (in some of genetic nature) and sinus thrombosis. A list of rare porencephaly-like conditions is added for differentiation from arterial and venous porencephaly. Hindbra...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 9, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Paul Govaert Source Type: journals

Epidemiology and classification of perinatal strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Stroke is an important cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in infants and children. Case definitions for perinatal stroke have varied among studies by clinical and laboratory criteria. A recent US National Institutes of Health workshop on perinatal stroke provided consensus recommendations on the definition and classification of perinatal stroke. The incidence of perinatal stroke has been estimated at 1 in 1600 to 5000 births. The clinical presentation of perinatal stroke depends on the time of diagnosis, acute or delayed, but most will present with seizures. Risk factors for perinatal stroke have not been we...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 6, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: John Kylan Lynch Source Type: journals

Preterm arterial ischemic strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Most studies about perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) exclude preterm infants. In a prospectively studied hospital-based population, 42% of our 73 newborn infants with PAIS had a gestational age (GA) ≤36 weeks. PAIS was present on the left in 61% of the preterm infants and bilateral in 7%. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was most often affected. Involvement of the lenticulostriate branches was common among preterm infants with GA of 28–32 weeks, and involvement of the MCA main branch was seen in almost all with a GA>33 weeks. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, fetal heart rate abnormality and hypoglyce...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 4, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: M.J.N.L. Benders, F. Groenendaal, L.S. De Vries Source Type: journals

Resuscitation at birth and cognition at 8 years of age: a cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors aim to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth, in the absence of symptoms of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), demonstrate a reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in childhood. Three groups of infants born ≥36 weeks' gestation are selected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK): (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 2, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Luc Cornette Source Type: journals

Outcomes of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Perinatal stroke can result in cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and sensory deficits. While some children only experience one type of disability, severe disabilities often cluster together. Death associated with perinatal stroke is rare, and often associated with other comorbidities. Clinical and radiographic factors can help predict outcome, but additional as-yet unknown factors appear to contribute to outcome as well. Rehabilitation can ameliorate deficits, and advances in rehabilitation technology and in adult stroke rehabilitation offer promise to pediatric perinatal stroke patients. (Source: Se...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 2, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Meredith R. Golomb Source Type: journals

Magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal strokeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Neonatal stroke occurs in 1 in 2300–5000 live births, the incidence of which is lower than that in adults, but still higher than that in childhood. The higher incidence of perinatal stroke in preterm and term infants compared to stroke in childhood may be partly explained by higher detection rates using routine fetal ultrasound and postnatal cranial sonography. In addition, there is greater availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for neuroimaging in preterm and full-term infants, which is due in part to the availability of MR-compatible incubators and MR systems at or near the neonatal intensive care un...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - July 26, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: M.H. Lequin, J. Dudink, K.A. Tong, A. Obenaus Source Type: journals

Title Page/Aims and Scope/Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - June 25, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: journals

Lessons from the current literatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors aim to identify clinical predictors of progressive white matter (WM) injury, through evaluation of 133 infants born (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - April 28, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Luc Cornette Source Type: journals

Fetal and neonatal infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Great efforts are made to optimize the care of pregnant women and to protect fetuses and newborn infants from acquiring vertically transmitted infections. Progress in the field makes continuous updating of the information to physicians, midwives and parents important. The field of perinatal infections is, however, diverse with wide variation in the spectrum between different regions of the world. It's obvious that all pathogens and aspects of this field cannot be covered. The now presented issue may be seen as an independent follow-up of Congenital and Opportunistic infections published in Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medi...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - April 15, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lars Navér, Marianne Forsgren, Karin Pettersson Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

Bacterial vaginosis: A problematic infection from both a perinatal and neonatal perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infections are common in women of reproductive age and are easily diagnosed and treatable. Aside from being an annoyance when symptoms of discharge, odor, and pruritus occur in the gravid female, BV infections increase risk of late miscarriage, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and, consequently, preterm delivery. Antepartum and puerperal issues such as chorioamnionitis and endometritis are increased in the context of maternal BV. Moreover, the morbidities and mortality of preterm delivery are consequently increased as a result of BV during pregnancy. Although the path...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - April 12, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Jeff M. Denney, Jennifer F. Culhane Source Type: journals

Tuberculosis and tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in pregnancyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Both tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect women aged 15–29 years. This is the prime childbearing age group with an increasing mortality due to HIV. The key to the prevention of neonatal TB among these women is early recognition of TB, based primarily on maternal history and relevant investigations of the mother and newborn. There are World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for maternal prophylaxis and therapy and prophylaxis to the newborn on the stage of the maternal disease. In HIV-infected women, CD4 counts should be monitored urgently as a guide to antiretroviral (ARV) prophylax...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - March 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: M. Adhikari Source Type: journals

Enterovirus infections in neonatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Enteroviruses, which include echoviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, polioviruses and the ‘numbered’ enteroviruses, are among the most common viruses causing disease in humans. A large proportion of enteroviral infections occur in neonates and infants. There is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that can be caused by enterovirus infection with varying degrees of severity. In the neonatal age group, enteroviral infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly when infection occurs antenatally. This review provides a detailed overview of the epidemiology and clinical featu...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - March 20, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Marc Tebruegge, Nigel Curtis Source Type: journals

Infection and stillbirthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Infection may cause stillbirth by several mechanisms, including direct infection, placental damage, and severe maternal illness. Various organisms have been associated with stillbirth, including many bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. In developed countries, between 10% and 25% of stillbirths may be caused by an infection, whereas in developing countries, which have much higher stillbirth rates, the contribution of infection is much greater. In developed countries, ascending bacterial infection, both before and after membrane rupture, with organisms such as Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, and Ureaplasma urea...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - March 16, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Elizabeth M. McClure, Robert L. Goldenberg Source Type: journals

ListeriosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes, a small, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive motile bacillus, is an important cause of foodborne illness which disproportionately affects pregnant women and their newborns. Listeria infects many types of animals and contaminates numerous foods including vegetables, milk, chicken and beef. This organism has a unique proclivity to infect the fetoplacental unit with the ability to invade cells, multiply intracellularly and be transmitted cell-to-cell. The organism possesses several virulence factors, including internalin A and internalin B, which facilitate the direct invasion of cells. Cell-...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - February 24, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Ellen R. Wald Source Type: journals

Parvovirus B19 infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is common in society. Among adults, more than 50% have contracted the infection and immunity is believed to last lifelong. Infection occurs in a few percent of pregnancies, and albeit rare it can then cause fetal anemia, non-immune fetal hydrops and fetal death. Among cases with fetal demise, B19 is found in significant numbers, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. There is no specific treatment or prophylaxis available against B19 infection, but counseling of non-immune mothers and active monitoring of confirmed maternal infections with intervention to correct fet...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - February 24, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Thomas Tolfvenstam, Kristina Broliden Source Type: journals

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the neonate is a rare event with severe consequences for the child even if adequately treated with antiviral drugs. Mothers with primary genital herpes infections late in pregnancy or at delivery have a high risk of transferring the infection to the child, while the risk of transfer in mothers with recurrent genital infections is only a few percent. Neonatal herpes localized in skin-eye-mouth has no mortality and morbidity after antiviral treatment. In neonatal disseminated and central nervous system disease, early treatment is a predictor for better outcome. The morbidity i...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - February 23, 2009 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Gunilla Malm Source Type: journals

Congenital and opportunistic infections: Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: There is strong evidence from clinical and experimental animal studies that ureaplasmas can invade the amnionic sac and induce an inflammatory response resulting in chorioamnionitis, preterm labor and neonatal lung injury. The ability of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis to cause pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis in newborns can no longer be questioned. The association of Ureaplasma spp. with bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been supported by the majority of observational studies, but proof of causality is still lacking. The availability of molecular diagnostic technologies has enabled the designation of th...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - December 24, 2008 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ken B. Waites, Robert L. Schelonka, Li Xiao, Peta L. Grigsby, Miles J. Novy Source Type: journals

Varicella in the fetus and newbornEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Varicella (chickenpox) in pregnancy is unusual because most women of childbearing age are immune. It can, however, cause significant morbidity for the pregnant woman and in rare cases cause congenital varicella syndrome. The incidence of congenital varicella syndrome after maternal varicella during the first two trimesters is (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - December 22, 2008 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Candice K. Smith, Ann M. Arvin Source Type: journals