An Update on Curing Coma Campaign
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785478The Curing Coma Campaign (CCC) and its contributing collaborators identified multiple key areas of knowledge and research gaps in coma and disorders of consciousness (DoC). This step was a crucial effort and essential to prioritize future educational and research efforts. These key areas include defining categories of DoC, assessing DoC using multimodal approach (e.g., behavioral assessment tools, advanced neuroimaging studies), discussing optimal clinical trials' design and exploring computational models to conduct clinical trials in patients with DoC, and establishing common data e...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kim, Keri S. Polizzotto, Leonard Suarez, Jose I. Olson, DaiWai M. Hemphill, J Claude Mainali, Shraddha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurology Training and Medical Education in Resource-Limited Settings: Building and Growing the First Neurology Residency Program in East Africa
Semin Neurol 2024; 44: 147-158 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785539The burden of neurological disease disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, where the lowest number of neurologists are located. Building local training opportunities in resource-limited settings is a foundational step to enhancing the neurological workforce and improving access to neurological care in these regions. In this article, we describe the development and growth of the first neurology residency program in East Africa, which was established in 2006 at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Unive...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Belay, Hanna D. Gebrewold, Meron A. Ayele, Biniyam A. Oda, Dereje M. Kelemu, Fikru T. Zewde, Yared Z. Melkamu, Selam K. Wuhib, Mehila Z. Gugssa, Seid A. Mengesha, Abenet T. Metaferia, Guta Z. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurology in Underserved and Marginalized Populations
Semin Neurol 2024; 44: 104-104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785194 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Wahlster, Sarah Berkowitz, Aaron L. Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Sarah Wahlster, MD, FNCS, and Aaron L. Berkowitz, MD, PhD, FAAN
Semin Neurol 2024; 44: 103-103 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785195 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Neurology)
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Greer, David M. Tags: Introduction to the Guest Editors Source Type: research
An Update on Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria since the World Brain Death Project
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786020The World Brain Death Project (WBDP) is a 2020 international consensus statement that provides historical background and recommendations on brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination. It addresses 13 topics including: (1) worldwide variance in BD/DNC, (2) the science of BD/DNC, (3) the concept of BD/DNC, (4) minimum clinical criteria for BD/DNC determination, (5) beyond minimum clinical BD/DNC determination, (6) pediatric and neonatal BD/DNC determination, (7) BD/DNC determination in patients on ECMO, (8) BD/DNC determination after treatment with targeted tempera...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Lewis, Ariane Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prognostic Implications of Early Prediction in Posttraumatic Epilepsy
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785502Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a complication of traumatic brain injury that can increase morbidity, but predicting which patients may develop PTE remains a challenge. Much work has been done to identify a variety of risk factors and biomarkers, or a combination thereof, for patients at highest risk of PTE. However, several issues have hampered progress toward fully adapted PTE models. Such issues include the need for models that are well-validated, cost-effective, and account for competing outcomes like death. Additionally, while an accurate PTE prediction model can provide quantit...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Chen, Yilun Cappucci, Stefanie P. Kim, Jennifer A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Exploring the Significance of Cognitive Motor Dissociation on Patient Outcome in Acute Disorders of Consciousness
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785507Cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) is characterized by a dissociation between volitional brain responses and motor control, detectable only through techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hence, it has recently emerged as a major challenge in the assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Specifically, this review focuses on the prognostic implications of CMD detection during the acute stage of brain injury. CMD patients were identified in each diagnostic category (coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 11, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Lejeune, Nicolas Fritz, Pauline Cardone, Paolo Szymkowicz, Emilie Vitello, Marie M. Martial, Charlotte Thibaut, Aurore Gosseries, Olivia Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Temperature Control in Acute Brain Injury: An Update
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785647Temperature control in severe acute brain injury (SABI) is a key component of acute management. This manuscript delves into the complex role of temperature management in SABI, encompassing conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and hypoxemic/ischemic brain injury following cardiac arrest. Fever is a common complication in SABI and is linked to worse neurological outcomes due to increased inflammatory responses and intracranial pressure (ICP). Temperature management, particul...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Lin, Victor Tian, Cindy Wahlster, Sarah Castillo-Pinto, Carlos Mainali, Shraddha Johnson, Nicholas J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Status Epilepticus: An Update on Pharmacological Management
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785503Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency that requires timely pharmacological therapy to cease seizure activity. The treatment approach varies based on the time and the treatment stage of SE. Benzodiazepines are considered the first-line therapy during the emergent treatment phase of SE. Antiseizure medicines such as phenytoin, valproic acid, and levetiracetam are recommended during the urgent treatment phase. These drugs appear to have a similar safety and efficacy profile, and individualized therapy should be chosen based on patient characteristics. Midazolam, propofol, ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Almohaish, Sulaiman Tesoro, Eljim P. Brophy, Gretchen M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Critically Ill Brain Injured Patients
This article reflects on the emergence of AI and ML as integral tools in neurocritical care, discussing their roles from the perspective of both their scientific promise and the associated challenges. We underscore the importance of extensive validation in diverse clinical settings to ensure the generalizability of ML models, particularly considering their potential to inform critical medical decisions such as withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies. Advancement in computational capabilities is essential for implementing ML in clinical settings, allowing for real-time analysis and decision support at the point of care. As ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Vitt, Jeffrey R. Mainali, Shraddha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Improving Outcome in Severe Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain –Barré Syndrome
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785509When progressive and severe, myasthenia gravis and Guillain–Barré syndrome may have the potential for fatal and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Regardless of important differences in their clinical course, the development of weakness of oropharyngeal muscles and respiratory failure with requirement of mechanical ventilation is the main driver of poor prognosis in both conditions. The need for prolonged mechanical ventilation is particularly relevant because it immobilizes the patient and care becomes extraordinarily complex due to daily risks of systemic complications. Additionally...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Hawkes, Maximiliano A. Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Epilepsy Care in Latin America and the Caribbean: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities
This article presents an overview of the epidemiology of epilepsy and discusses the principal obstacles to epilepsy care and key contributors to the epilepsy diagnosis and treatment gap in the LAC region. We conclude by highlighting various initiatives across different LAC countries to improve epilepsy care in marginalized communities, listing strategies to mitigate treatment gaps and facilitate better health care access for patients with epilepsy by enhancing the epilepsy workforce. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Rubinos, Clio San-Juan, Daniel Alva-Diaz, Carlos Burneo, Jorge Fernandez, Andres Mayor-Romero, Luis Carlos Vidaurre, Jorge Rios-Pohl, Loreto Bruzzone, Maria Jose Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Developing Systems of Care for Stroke in Resource-limited Settings
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782617Although stroke prevention and treatment strategies have significantly advanced in recent years, implementation of these care elements in resource-limited settings can be challenging, since the burden of stroke is higher and access to stroke care is lower. Barriers to stroke care in resource-limited settings include insufficient prevention, reduced awareness of stroke symptoms, limited prehospital care and lack of triage systems, limited access to comprehensive stroke centers, inadequate personnel education, lack of staff and resources, as well as limited access to neuroimaging, thro...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Silva, Gisele Sampaio Rocha, Eva Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurological Care of Refugees and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782495There are more than 100 million forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) in the world today, including a high number of people who experience neurologic symptoms and presentations. This review summarizes the conceptual frameworks for understanding neurological health risks and conditions across the migration journey (premigration, migration journey, and postmigration) and life span, including special attention to pediatric FDPs. The interaction with psychiatric illness is discussed, as well as the available published data on neurologic presentations in FDPs in the medical literature. A soci...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 18, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Saadi, Altaf Prabhu, Meha Snyder, Sara A. Daboul, Lynn Mateen, Farrah J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurological Care within the Indian Health Service
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782517American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are the Indigenous peoples of the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 9.7 million people self-identified as AI/AN (alone or in combination with other races), representing 2.9% of the total U.S. population. These people represent diverse groups of discrete Tribes, each with their language, culture, and geographic home. As part of the conquest and settlement of North America, some Indigenous peoples signed treaties with the U.S. government, surrendering their lands in return for various government commitments, in...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 18, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Parko, Karen Stitzer, Michael Trimble, Brian Christensen, Loretta Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
